OUAN U 6 IAO DUC i HINH GIAO DUG HOA NHAP TRUNG HOC GO SOI TAI VIET NAM THANH CONG VA THACH THL/C Ngay 13/2/2007, Bg tnrong Bp Giao dye Dao tao (GD DT) da ki Quyet djnh so 869/00 GDDT veviec "Xay dung[.]
OUAN U I A O DUC i HINH GIAO DUG HOA NHAP TRUNG HOC GO SOI TAI VIET NAM THANH CONG VA THACH THL/C TS N gay 13/2/2007, Bg tnrong Bp Giao dye - Dao tao (GD-DT) da ki Quyet djnh so 869/00GDDT veviec "Xay dung va tht/nghiem Md hinh giao duc hoa nhip hgc sinh khuyet tat cap trung hge casa (THCS)" Ket qua nghien cuu thi diem mo hinh tacan cuth uc tiln trinh Bp tn/dng BpGD-DTve npi dung phuang thuc, cac dieu kien dam bao thuc hi§n muc tieu hoa nhap cho ca doi tuong/?pc s/h/i khuyet tat (HSKT), hge smh ed hoin canh dae biet khdkhan, HS yeu kem gop phan tao giai phap nang cao chait luong gtao due bae trung tipc Viet Nam Tren eo sd eong va giatri dat duoc eua eong trinh nghien cuu, Bp GD-OT da md rpng phattrien Mo hinh GDHN eap THCS tren toan quoc thupe nguon von vay cua Ngan hang Phat tnen chau A (ADB) trien khaltunam 2011 den 2014 Khung m d h i n h GDHN cap THCS 1) Tam nhin: - Xay dung mo hinh tn/ong hpc hoa nhap, mpi tre em khong phan biet dan tpc, ton giao, giau ngheo, KT deu dupc den tnrdng, dupc cham s6c,giaodyctrongmptm6iln/dng hoa nhgp than thien, dupc chuan bi kT nang song, kT nang xa hpi de co the phat trien ta da tiem nang va hoa nhap tieh cue cpng dong xa hoi; - Tn/dng hpc hoa nhap, than thien, phat trial 1^ nhan to thuc d ^ , nang chat luong giao due THCS, kh^c phuc tinh bang HS bd hpc, HS khong di hpe, HS yeu kem cae nhatn/dng; -Dam bao qua trinh hplnhapvacam ketvdi eong dong quoc tevequyen tot nhat cho tre em Viet Nam linh vuc giao due 2) Muc tieu cu the: Xay dung mo hinh GDHN HS CO khd kh§n THCS sat vdi thi/c tiln giao diie Viet Nam, tLf danh gia tae dgng cua cac hoat dpng nang cao nhan thi/c, tang cudng nang luc quan li va day hpc hoa nhap cho giao vien (G V), cac nha quan li giao due doi vdi sutien bo cua HS cd kho khan tren cae phuong dien Myc tieu ey the la: - Sutien bp eua HSKT HS CO hoan eanh dae biet, HS yeu kem; - Sy chuyen bien tich cue cua can bg quan li (CBQL), G V va cdng dong; - Su cai thien tieh cue cua moi tn/dng GDHN L U O N G TH! KIM N G A ' 3) Thinh pha'n cau true mo hinh Nhdm pha'n I: Tang cudng ning tuc cho G V, ein bg quan HGD va cdng dong: - He thong quan li giao dye ean bg quan li,GV,HS, cdng dong dupc tiep can va dong thuan ve GDHN; • Opt ngu cot can (gom ea can bd quan li, G V) cd hie'u biet ve kT thuat ehung vaquan live GDHN;-Dpi ngu ehuyen gia sau mpt so dang tat lam ndng cdt tu vain, hd tro thudng xuyen; - Dpi ngu GV ed kien thu'c va kTthuat day hpc hoanhap Nhdm phan 2: Chuan bj cac dieu kign cho HSKT vao hgc hoi nhip: - Phan Ioal cac dang va mile dptatcua tung HSKTchuanbj den trudng;-Xac dinh nang li/c va nhu eau tiffig HSKT; - Thue day sU quan tam toan cpng dong va tao thiJ eho tCfng HSKT;-Tang cudng kTnang song, kTnang xahpiva kT nang hpe tap cho tijng HSKT Nhdm phan 3: Hd tra die biet: • Cai thien mdi tn/dng tao thuan lgi eho HSKT giao ti^p, sinh hogt; - Ho tro dae biet eho G V va HS ngoai gid hpe; - Hd trp phuong tien, eac dieu kien sinh hoat hpc tap {thietbi, saeh, dung hpc tap, );-Hdtro hpc tap ngoai gid hpc; - Chuan bj ke hoaeh giao duc ca nhan cho tung HS; - Tao su lien thdng dam bao ke hoach giao due canhan HSKT Nhdm thinh phan 4: Quan H ehinh sich, xa hgi /;oa;-Hinhthanheo chequan lied suphoi hop vdi gia dinh, nha tn/dng, cac to ehue, edng dong (giao due giu vai trd ndng ed't); - Ho tro kT thuat lap ke hoach, quan li, glam sat danh gia; - khu)'en ngfii dieu chinh, bo sung ehinh sach ehung; - Hd \rq dia phuong xay d i ^ g va thue hien ehinh sach dja phuong cho GDHN; - Hinh eac quy djnh chuyen tiep tdcap tieu hpc len THCS; - Huy dgng td'i da nguon luc dja phuong hd trg cho GDHN Ban dau nghien cuu GDHN ehi pham vivdi HSKT sau mdrdng them dot tuong la: HScdhoan canh die bietva HS yeu kem Ba dd'i tugng dupc * Trang tam Hop tac pbat trien giao doc - Hpi Khuyen b^c Viet Nam Tap chi Giao due so 308 '(kl2-4/2023) thdng nhat theo ten gpi HS cd khd khin cip THCS Tuy nhien, HSKT van duoe xac djnh la ddi tucfng duett quan tam dae biet Md hinh thi diem Uieo nguyen t^c m d ludn dugc dieu chinh sat vdi thue tiln g^n ketvdi chij truong cua nganh, eae cht thi, phong trao thi dua giao due, vdi cude van ddng "Hal khdng", vdi phong trao thi dua "Xiy dung tn/ong hge thin thien HS tieh ei/c" Vdi sir dong thuan va hudng i/ng cao cua cac nha tn/dng, khung mdhinh lithuyet da dugc thi> nghiem cdng tai tn/dng THCS thuge cac tinh Ninh Binh, Quang Nam va dang dugc md rpng thi diem tren pham vltoan qud'c Thanh cong vanhung gia trj dat dugc cua cdng trinh nghien cuu 1) Tao sir thay do) siu sac, toan dien dpi ngu can bg quan li, GV, eong dong venhan thue, thiidg, hinh vi doi vdl viee chim sdcgiao due treem_ KT, treem cohoin canh dacbietMmh d mdi GV, can bd quan li, cpng dong tam nhin thiJa nhan ve st/ da dang tat yeu mdl tn/dng GD, thay dd'i nhan thue ve quyen eua tre em KT, tre em cd hoan canh dae biet, tre em dang ttnh trang yeu kem ve dao du'c hay hpe tap, thi/a nhan tiem nSng cua tat ca dd'i tugng HS, 11) dd thay dugc trach nhiem, nghia vu phap 11 tdn trgng va thi/e hien quyen tre em, s i n sang tiep nhan HS co khd^khan, tha'u hieu vachia se trach nhiern, dol xdbinh dang va ed ke hoach hanh dpng thue tien dem lai hanh phijc eho mpi tre em den tn/dng 2} Hinh khong gian tiep can GDHN M dt khdng gian giao thdng tiep can dugc cal thien ed dudng xe lan danh cho HS ed khd khan van ddng^theo blen bao chl d i n , nen Idp hgc duoe san phang tao su Baang tiep can tai tn/dng THCS Yen Ml Yen Mo, Nmh Binh than thi$n, tien ich giao tiep va hoat ddng Mdt khdng gian v3n hoa xanh, sach, dep, su pham nha trudng dugc hinh trd phuong tien giao due GV, HS, cgng dong ve thai dp va kT nang song, kTnang xahoi 3)Hinh thinh trudng THCSmgtphdng CO ten ggi "Phong ho tra die biet" voi chuc ning hd trq die biet Oay la noi diln cac cugc trao dol thao luan ban va lap ke hoaeh hanh ddng, la noi ehia se cua ca cdng dong vdi giao due Phdng hd trg dae biet la phuong tien dae biet thue hien cac hoat ddng GDHN, la tn/ng tam hoat ddng, ket ndl va chia se trach nhiem eua ea cpng ddng vtJimue tieu GDTHCS cua tnrijng THCS 09 Phdng hd tro dae biet tai 09 tn/dng THCS la md hinh m l u lan dau tien dugc hinh vd^ nguon vd'n dd'i ung khdng nhd da dugc huy ddng tt/ngan sach vacae ho trg khac cua dia phuong Phdng hd trg la mgt dieu kien tien quyet dam bao cdng GDHN capTHCS Phong ho tra dae biet theo thiet keli tudng Hoat dong phong Hd tra dae biel 4) Hinh thinh dgi ngu ndng cot ve GDHN tai dia phuang Can bp quan li giao due, G V va edng dong dugc nang cao va eung eo kien thuc, kT nang va nang luc giao dye, cham sdc va hd troHSKT, HS khd khan Odi ngu dugc tap huan nhieu lugt kien thiic chungveGDHN.cac kTnang chuyen sau cho tting da tugng KTva kTnang tulap kehoach, thietke hoatdpng vathuc hien tai dia phuang Thanh vien cac nhdm da k^ noi ban kehoach hanh ddng thuc hien mue tieu phan dau 100% tao sde m anh ca ve tinh than, vat chat quatrinh thi/e hien myc tieu giao dtJC THCS Vi vay, 70% kinh phi dau tu thue hien eai thien, hinh khdng gian GDHN vahdtrgdac biet tn/dng THCS cddugc tunguon vdn huy ddng ngan sach dia phuong va ddng gdp cua cdng dong 5) Hinh hudng tiep can day hgc hoi nhap trudng THCS Tiep ean phuang phap day hpc hoa nhap, eai thien tieh ci/e hudng vao ngudi hpe dae biet la HS ed khd khan; ehuyen ti>hudng tiep cansudung phuong phap giao dye "vi/a mdt edvdi tat ca viec hgc" budc tre phai tu ud'n minh phij hgp vdi n h i ^ g nhan djnh dugc neu san ve nhip dd va ban chat cua quatrinh hge tap sang each tiep can viechgc phaithichnghivt^nhucauHS.TiepcmkhungchiianQ tiinh hgc tap ddi vdl HSKT nang Tiep can danh gia dae biet ddi vdl HSKT nang 6) Hinh thinh hudng tiep can hd trq nghe, huang nghiep cho HS fchie'm Ar/ju/ehhdng qua phat hien kha nang, tu van nghe phu hgp, hd trg ban dau ve nghe, ket ndi vdi cac ca sd nghe giiip cac em Tap chi Giao due so 308 (ki 2-4/2023)- tiep can ngheva chuan bi nghe eho tuong lai Hau het tap eua tre KT ki vgng ve su phat trien eua tre KT HS khuyet tat, HS ed hoan eanh dae biet se khdng tha'p;-Chuang trinh hoe edn qua khd, dae biet doivdi tiep tuc theo hpe THPT, vi vay hd trg nghe, hudng mdt bd phan HS cd khd khan ve tri tue Ben canh do, nghiep cho dd'i tugng HS khd khan tn/dng moi Idpjai ed ra't nhieu mdn hgc, nhieu G V giang day, THCS la hudng tiep can phu hgp va thuc tien nhat khac han so vdi cdn hgc tieu hge, HS dugc ho trp HSKTdugehdtrcrthudngxuyen vecdng nghethdng ch? bdi mdt GV sudt ca nam hoe, tham chi co tin tai phdng hdtrcrdae biet, duoe hudng d i n vatham GV edn theo tre sudt nam tieu hpe; - Ap dyng puy gia tiep can nghe dia phuong tai co sd san xuait not dinh cy the've kiem tra, danh gia ket qua hpc tap cua cac em sd'ng HSKT THCS cdn nhieu khd khan la rao can rait ldn doi 7) Thue hien thinh cdng mdtphan mue tieu vdi viec hpc hda nhap cija HSKT cung nhutrong cdng xi hgi hoa GDHN bing kha ning cud'n h tit va l cd nhung tac dgng va hd trg tdi mpt sd aims to enhance the opportunities and conditions for em cd khd khan nhat, thu xem su tac ddng dd hieu the students with disabilities to participate in incluqua va tinh ben vi/ng ciia nd \(A dau Sy doi thay va sive junior school A research Framework Models included four components testing which has contribnhung budc tien cija moi dien hinh chinh la uted to alter and create the core values of the school cdng to kifn nhat cdng trinh nghien ciiu As the successfulness as well as achievements of the study, in 2011 the Ministry of EducaUon and Thach thiic va trien vpng Training has continued to expand IE students model GDHN HSKT edn nhieu kho khan va thach thiic and focused on disabilities secondary school in the doi vdi bae tmng hpc: • Nhan thue etja gia dinh, CBQ L, whole of Vietnam by using a loan from Asia DevelopGV, HS binh thudng chua day du ve kha nang hgc ment Bank (ADB) Tap chi Gido due so 308 -(ki2-4/2023) ... HSKTdugehdtrcrthudngxuyen vecdng nghethdng ch? bdi mdt GV sudt ca nam hoe, tham chi co tin tai phdng hdtrcrdae biet, duoe hudng d i n vatham GV edn theo tre sudt nam tieu hpe; - Ap dyng puy gia tiep can nghe dia... cung BO GD-DT - Vu GiAo dye Trung hpc NghiSn cihi la phuong phap lya ehgn bong nghien ciiu, phan ddng thir nghidm md hinh giao due hda Qhap hpc sinh khuyet m cap trung hoc c v s d H& NOi, 2010... khung mdhinh lithuyet da dugc thi> nghiem cdng tai tn/dng THCS thuge cac tinh Ninh Binh, Quang Nam va dang dugc md rpng thi diem tren pham vltoan qud''c Thanh cong vanhung gia trj dat dugc cua