MOTSOHlNHTHUC GIAO DUG HITONG KGHIEP CHO HOC SINH TRUNG HOC PHO THONG ThS TRjNH V A N C L / O N G '''' • H O due hudng nghiep (GDHN) la mdt | bd phan etja giao due loan dien, giup I hpc sinh (HS) hieu bi[.]
MOTSOHlNHTHUC GIAO DUG HITONG KGHIEP CHO HOC SINH TRUNG HOC PHO THONG ThS TRjNH V A N C L / O N G ' • H O due hudng nghiep (GDHN) la mdt |.bd phan etja giao due loan dien, giup I hpc sinh (HS) hieu bidt v l Ilnh chat nganh nghe ma cae em hudng tdi qua qua trinh lim hieu nhdng npi dung cua GDHN deed the chpn nghe phu hpp vol nhu cau xa hdl, ddng thdi thda man nguydn vpng, ndng luc SP trudng, tam li ca nhan.Od'dat dupc myctiduGDHN.cancdnhung hinh ttiuc hudng nghiep (HN) khac nay); CBQL (22%) nhan xet "HN ttidng qua lao ddng san xuat va day nghe phd'thdng la quan trgng nha'r vi qua hoatdong giup HS nhan bidt v l nang Iyc, sd thich cua ban than de cd su lira ehpn nghe nghiep eho phu hpp; 10 CBQL (24,4%) nhan ttiay "HN thdng qua eae hoat dgng ngoai khda Id quan trgng"; 14 CBQL (34,1%) quan niem "hinh thde HN ttidng qua hoatdgng GDHN la quan trang n h i r Ben canh dd, nhieu CBQL cac ta/dng THPT h/ 1.Cac hinh thuc HN d t r u d n g phd'thdng nhan thay, cong tae HN Irong nhatn/dng hidn g i n Theo rftdn5i/u5//rrngay17/8/1981 cuaBoGiao nhuehi "ph ucvy" mdt myc tieu: tu van tijyen sinh-tgp dye v l hudng d i n thuc hien Quyet dinh 126/CPngay trung xoay quanh van de "ehpn khd'i thi nao, ttil ta/dng 19/3/1981 cua Hgi ddng ehinh phu "Vecong tacHN nao" Vdi nhilu la/dng, hoatdgng ngoai gid len Idp ve tn/dng thong va viec stidtjng hap liHS HNchidPn gian la cho phep mdt CO sddao tao nao dd thdng casa, phothong trung hgc tot nghiep tnfdnc/', den l u van" cho tn/dng minh cdng tac HN cho HS phd'thdng dupc thyc hien ttidng 2) BOI vdi GV day mon Cong nghe 25/79 GV qua hinh thilc: cac mdn hgc; hoatdpng lao dgng san (31,7%) eho ring "hoat dgng GDHN la hinh ttidc tot xuat; gkirithidu cac nganh nghl; hoatdgng ngoai khoa nhat de trien khai edng tae HN cd hieu qua"; 21 GV Theo Chi thi so 33/2003/CT- BGD&DT veviec (26,6%) nhan ttily HN thdng qua cac hoat dpng lao tang cudng GDHN cho HS tmng hgc thong ddng san xult va day nghephdthdng la hgp li nhat"; 22 (THPT), cong tac HN gdm cae hinh ttiuc: "Tieh hop GV (27,9%) nhan djnh "can HN qua hoatdgng ngoai ngi dung HN vao eac mon hgc; HN qua lao dgng san khda"; 11 GV (13,9%) dong tinh "nen HN ttidng qua xua't; HN qua hoc nghe thong; HN qua hoatdgng hoat ddng day hgc cac mdn van hda khoa hocco ban", sinh hoatHN; HN qua cae hoatdgng ngoai khoa khacf 3) Boi vaiGV tham gia vio eong tac GDHN De'n nay, ndl dung edng tae HN da ed nhilu cal (GV chu nhiem,GV kiem nhiem cdnglacHN, canhan tid'n, bd'sung, song v l co ban v l n duoc thuc hien lam edng lae HN cac ta/dng phd'ttidng) Trong qua bd'n hinh ttiuc ndi trdn Trong dd, HN qua eac 284 GV Iham gia vao cdng lac HN dcae tiudng THPT mdn hgc\a hinh thiic ed nhilu uu the vi ed dpi ngu giao tren dja ban cae linh vung Ddng Bdc nudc ta, ed: vien (GV) bO mdn ddng dao, kien thuc eac mdn hpc 45 GV (15,9%) eho ring "eln HN cho HN ttiong qua da dgng boat dgng cac mon hgc van hda khoa hgc cp ban; Nhan thi/c cua can bo quan li (CBQL), GV, 63 GV (22,0%) chpn liinh thde "HN thdng qua cac hoat dgng lao ddng san xual va day nghe ttidng"; HS vecae hinh thuc GDHN r;Od?i^CTCBOZ.;Qua dieu tra, khaosat41 CBQL 56 GV (19,7%) nen "HN thdng qua cac hoai ddng d i e ta/dng THPT vung Ddng B i c VielNam (thang 3/ ngoai khda"; 120 GV (42,2%) nhan ttiay "HN ttidng 2012) cho thay: chi cd CBQL (19,5%) y kiln eho qua cac hoat ddng GDHN la phu hpp nhat" Hien ring su'dyng "hinh ttii/e HN thdng qua hoat ddng day nay, dgi ngu "HN vien" chua dupc md rpng, phan Idn hpc cac mdn van hda khoa hpc cp ban la hinh ttiuc cdng tac HN van chi thdng qua cac hinh thtic "HN quan trpng nha'r (ttiUc techo thay hinh ttiuc HN nhata/dng"; GV lam cdng lae H N vdn chimang chimangti'nhlong gliep'';ttidlluc9ig mpt ti/hpc khdng tinh "kiem nhidm", "phy trach ttiem" nen khdng co du cho vide HN dupe nhilu ndi dung va cung khdng dU(?c sudyng triet de tiong cac tn/dng ttidng hidn * HocriiB Quan li giao die (ki2-3/2013)- Tap chi Gido due so 306 ii dupc cac kT nang HN cung nhu kien thdc lien quan den nghe nghidp vl vdy khdng thd'dinh hudng cho HS lua chon nghe nghiep phu hpp 4^0«ratfS.Daylad6ilupngttiu duo; nhieu Ipi ich nh£tf cdng tac HN dcae co sdgiao due ya ngoainhatiudng.CachoatddngHN phln Idn deu muon giup cae em cd nhung nhin nhan dung ve ban than viec chgn nghe phu hc^ nhat tiong tuong lai Khao sat 646 HS cGa cac trudng tren dja ban cho Ihay cd nhieu y kien khae v l cac hinh thuc HN eho eac em, nhung v l eoban van ed hinh thdc dupe nhieu HS quan tam nhil Dd la: 134 HS (20,7%) ua Ihich hinh tti tic HN "ttidng qua eac boat dgng day eae mdn van hda khoa hpe CP ban"; 209 H S (32,4%) cho ring "ndn HN qua cae boat dgng ngoai khda" bdi hinh ttidc mang y nghTa cua eae hoat ddng ngoai gid, khdng "nang ne bai vd", cdttie'thoai mai tham gia mdl each tieh cue, qua l i ^ thu dupe nhilu kien thdc kT nang nghl nghiep mdl each thuc le, cung td thuc le hgc dupc nhilu hpn la qua sach vd giao dieu va ban che; 188 HS (29,1%) tha'y "eln HN qua hoat dong GDHN"; 115 HS (17,8%) quan nidm "ndn HN qua day nghe phd'thdng", Tuy nhien, de kd't qua danh gia dupc khach quan, ehung ldi da tiung elu y kiln eua CBQL viec danh gia cae hinh ttitic HN ma HS thich nhat Kit qua cho Ihay: hinh Ihuc ma HS ttiich hoc nhat dupe cac CBQL danh gia la "HN qua hoat dgng lao dgng san xudt va dgy nghe phd'thdng" (31,7%) -Irong hinh thdc HS tiiich hgc nhat lai la "HN qua hoatdpng ngoai khda"(chie'm32,4%).Ollunayphlnnaothe'hiencac nha CBQL ehua n i m vi/ng dupc thi/c trang hinh thuc HN ma HS ttiich hgc nhat, nen cdng lac HN chua dem laihieu qua cao Trong dd, hinh thiJC "HN qua hoatddngGDHN"dlu dupc CBQLvaHS lya ehgn la "hinh thdc HN dupc thieh hpe" sau hinh thtic H N qua heat dgng ngoai khda Tuy nhien, hinh thiic "HN qua hoat dpng lao ddng san xuat, day nghl phd'thdng" It dugc HS lua chpn la "thich hpe nhaf lai dupc cae CBQL cho ring "la hinh tfiucHS ttiich hgc nha't" Nhu vay, da ed mdt s u nhan ttidc khac giua HS va CBQL vidanh gia cac hinh ttiuc HN Nguyen nhan cd till y kidn cdn mang tinh "chu quan" nen HS chua dua dupc mdl each lua chpn "sang sud'f Tuy nhien ttiyc tetren cho ttiay: cac CBQL giao due can ed su n i m bit tam li Ida tuoi deed nhung hinh thuc HN phu hpp nhim dem lai hidu qua cao cho cdng tac H N doi vdi HS ttidng Ngoai tn/ng cau y kien cua 284 GV tham gia cdng tac HN vdi myc dich dd'ho ti/danh gia xem HS 12 Tap chi Gido due so 306 thieh hinh thdc HN nao nhat chiing tdi Ihu dupc kel qua: 46,6% GV cho ring so "cac hinh thuc HN maHS ttiich hgc n h i r tiii "HN qua hoatdpng ngoa khda" dupc HS ua thich nhat Nhu vay, ket qua neu so sanh vdi k i t qua tn/ng e l u y kien cua CBQL danh gia ve hinh Ihdc HN ma HS thich hgc nhat da ed su khac Thue te da dai yeu c l u can cd nhung each "long ghep" cho phu hpp dedua cdng lac HN vao nha tn/dng dat hieu qua nhat Tuy nhien, bdn canh dd, hinh thdc "HN qua hoatdpng GDHN-da dupe GV, CBQL, HS nhai tri danh gia eho ring "phu hpp nha't vi mang dam ndi dung HN va d l thuc hidn" Nhu vay, hien cac In/dng THPT tren ca nudc ndiehung, vung Ddng Bae noi ridng ed4 hinh thde HN dang dupc su dyng nhllu nhat Tuy nhien, danh gia mdtcaeh td'ng the, eae hinh thuc chua dem lai cho HS THPT nhimg kiln thuc phu hpp Hen quan dd'n chgn nghenghiep, hudng di cho ban than Irong tuong lai; nhieu HS sau hpc xong chuong trinh phd'thdng, da qua cac dpi tu van HN nhung van chua xac djnh sechgn nghegi phu hpp vdi ban than, hoan canh gia dinh va nhu cau ctia xahgi, HIvgng nhung nghien Cliu tren day sd la cP so dd' xay dyng de xult nhung bien phap kha tiii nhim khic phyc nhung han ehe GDHN tai cae ta/dng T H P T b Tai lieu t h a m Ifhao BO GD-DT Chi thi sd 33/2003/CT vi tdng cudng gido dlic hudng nghiip cho hoc sinh phd' thdng m mi 2003 Nguyfin Van HO - Nguyen Thj Thanh Huyfin Ho^t d6ng giao due h u v n g nghidp va giSng day ki thu^t t n r o n g trung tioc ph6 ttiAng NXB Gido dtfc, H 2006 HOi ddng Chinh phu Quyit dinh s^ 126/CP ngdy 19/3/1981 c&a Hdi ddng Chinh phu vi cdng tdc hudng nghiip irudng phd thdng vd viic sU dting hQp li hoc sinh cdc cdp phd thdng ca sd vd phd thdng trung hgc td't nghiip truang Ha NOi, 1981 SUMMARY Vocational EducaUon is an element of holistic education, with a view to helping every student understand characteristics of aimed professions through leaming contents of Vocational EducaUon so that students can choose jobs suitable with needs of society as well as satisfying expectations Vocatiomd EducaUon should have different forms froads) However, recognition of managers, teachers, students about the importance ofvocational education at upper-secondary schools is still not in common -(kl2-3/2013) ... vdy khdng thd''dinh hudng cho HS lua chon nghe nghiep phu hpp 4^0«ratfS.Daylad6ilupngttiu duo; nhieu Ipi ich nh£tf cdng tac HN dcae co sdgiao due ya ngoainhatiudng.CachoatddngHN phln Idn deu... gido dlic hudng nghiip cho hoc sinh phd'' thdng m mi 2003 Nguyfin Van HO - Nguyen Thj Thanh Huyfin Ho^t d6ng giao due h u v n g nghidp va giSng day ki thu^t t n r o n g trung tioc ph6 ttiAng NXB... nhien, danh gia mdtcaeh td''ng the, eae hinh thuc chua dem lai cho HS THPT nhimg kiln thuc phu hpp Hen quan dd''n chgn nghenghiep, hudng di cho ban than Irong tuong lai; nhieu HS sau hpc xong chuong