GIAO DUC Y THUI) TON TRONG, GAO VE VA PHAT HUY GIA TRI CAC 01 SAN VAN HDA CHD HOC SINH PHO THDNG ODA MON LICH SH TS H O A N G THANH HAI '''' Theo kie''''m ke cua Cyc disan van hoa Bp Van hda The thao va Du[.]
GIAO DUC Y THUI) TON TRONG, GAO VE VA PHAT HUY GIA TRI CAC 01 SAN VAN HDA CHD HOC SINH PHO THDNG ODA MON LICH SH TS H O A N G THANH HAI' T heo kie'm ke cua Cyc disan van hoa - Bp Van va sunghiep eua Le Loi ma bai hpe tren Idp it co dieu hda - The thao va Du lieh, ea nude hien kien cung caip CO hon 40.000 di san van hda (DSVH) vat Ngay 231712012,Tmng tam bao ton Disan Thanh the (di tich lich su van hda va danh th^ng), dd nha Ho phdi hpp vdi Bao tang LS qud'c gia to' chuc CO hon 3000 di tich (DT) duac xep hang cap quoc gia, bud'i sinh hoat cau lac bp "Em yeu LS"va\ chu de hon 5000 DT xep hang cap tinh; gan 1000 DSVH phi "Thinh nha Ho- Nai ket nd'i nhung vin hda Viefcho vat theda duac suu tam, nghien edu, luu Inj" Dae biet, HS Trudng trung hpc pho' thdng (THPT) Luu Dinh cho den nay, Viet Nam da cd DT duoc UNESCO Chait (huyen Hoang Hda, Thanh Hda) Buo'l hpc diln edng nhan la DSVH thegiol, gom disan thien nhien: gom phan: Phan 1, HS dupc tham quan cong Vinh Ha Long, Vudn quoc gia Phong Nha - Ke Bang vatudngthanhDong.Tay, Nam, B I C ; nghe gidi thieu va DSVH: Quan the di tieh Co Hue, Pho cd'Hpi ve nha Ho va qua trinh xay thanh, nhat la nhutig An, Thanh dja My Son, Khu DT trung tam Hoang giatri kien true dae sac eua eong trinh nay; Phan vdi thanhThangLong.ThanhnhaHo Nhieu disan khac chude 'Wpcmac/jov'HSdupctham gia cac tro choi eung duoe UNESCO xep vao Ioal di san the gidi (1) nhu "doin y dong ddr, "nhan dien LS", "giaidehd" Day la nhung dl san cue ki quy bau eua dan tpc va qua dd, cac em hieu sau sae han eae dja danh, sU nhan loai, cd y nghTa to k/n nhieu mat kien LS, nhan vat LS xung quanh nha Ho, nhu Khai thac, si> dung c6 hieu qua cac DSVH Dan te Nam Giao, cal each cua Ho Quy Ly se gop phan nang cao chait luong mon hpe, mat khae giao dye cho hpc sinh (HS) y thdc ton trpng, bao v^ phat huy gia trj cac DSVH dan tpc va nhan loai /,; Td'chuc cho HS hoc tip tai DSVH, cae em thue su dupc 1am viec" vdi cac nguon su lieu goc, smh dpng; tu dd hinh d eae em nhdng bieu tupng ljch su (LS) cu the, chinh xac, lam co sd de xay dung cac khai niem LS HS khdng ehi nhd chinh xae macdn hieu dung ban chat sukien LS, bd'sung, minh hpa, cy the hoa cac kien thuc LS da hpc, Cac em dupc huy dong cae kTnang, van dung nhieu kien thdc CO lien quan de'n DSVH denhan thuc sau s^c eac sukien LS lien quan Vi dy, dua HS de'n hpctap tai khu DTLS Lam Kinh vdi chij de bai hpc "Khdinghia Lam San • Thai ki a mien Tiy Thanh Wda" (Idp hoae k/p / HS dupc quan sat dia hinh hiem trd eiJa viing nay, vdi song Chu, niii Mue bao bpc, an ngu, vdl rung ram che chd sau lung.,, nen d l dang hieu duoc vi Le Lpi lai chon noi day lam can ed phat cd khdi nghTa Duac tan m i t quan sat nha bia VTnh Lang va duac gidi thieu nha bia, HS ed them kien thue ve cupc khdi nghTa Lam Son, ve than the Vdi bai hpc tai DSVH nhu tren, GV khong giang giai, trinh bay mpt each khd khan, trdu tuong caesu kien LS, ma hudng dan, td'chdc, goi mdchoHS hieu mpt each eu the, ed hinh anh ve eae sukien LS HS dupe huy dpng cac kTnang quan sat, mieu ta, lien he, giai thieh, neu van de, sudyng eac kien thdc lien mdn de giai quyet vain de dat Tinh dpc lap, "ea nhan hda" hoat dpng nhan thuc cua tdng HS duoc phat huy, ket hap vdi cae hoat ddng tap the, dudi su hudng dan eua G V, hoae can bp hudng d i n cua khu di san "HS ehi hpc tap ed ket qua cap ehinh iip true tiep tiep can vdi cac sd lieu, phuang tien kTthuat, ehdng ed eua qua khd, tu eae em lap gia thuyet, suy n g h f (2;125) HS se rat hdng thu vl dupc song "khdng LS", chdng kien su kien nhu nd da dien Ngoai viec tim hieu npi dung cac sukien LS, cac em cdn duac thudng ngoan phong canh thien nhien, nhu canh dep tram mae cua khu Lam Kinh, hay hiing vTcua nha Ho Viee tham quan, hpc tap tai DSVH se kh§c sau kien thdc LS, tao hdng thu 'TnltingDalhocHoagfiirc 46 Tap chi Gido due so 308 '(ki 2-4/2023) hpc tap LS cho HS Cac nha lam li hoc da k h j n g em dupc tham gia ddng vai cac nhan vat LS (Tmng djnh thu la dpng l[/c thuc day si/ say siia, to Trie, Trung Nhj l l hpi Hai Ba Trung; Dinh Bp mo, lich ci/c tim hieu tn thi/c moi cua HS Su LTnh trpng l l hpi Tn/dng Yen ), duoc tham gia cac Ihu se lao t h a i tich cue doi v(Si hpc tap, la mpt trd choi truyen thdng (Thdi com, Keo co, Cd ngudi, dieu kien rat can thiet de linh hoi lai lieu dai ket qua Chay chl/ l l hpi Lam Kinh) Day la nhung dang Vi vay, Ihu la dieu kien tat yeu de hpc lap dat bai lap thuc hanh LS sinh dpng, hap d i n , bd ieh ddi kel qua cap" (3;76) Trong DHLS, bi quyet vdi HS THCS, Cae bai tap suu lam tu lieu, hien val, lap cong cua bai hpc la GV phai "danh thiic", Iri hd so di tich d muc dp Ihuc hanh cap hpn niem phan, suhijng Ihu cua HS Sudung DTLS 3)Sudi/ngDSVH DHLScdnlampthinh la mot bien phap de Ihuc hien bi quyet Ihiic, blen phip "xahgi hoa "giao due LS, la dieu So vdiHS Irang hpc c o s o (THCS),HSTHPT da kien de nang cao tri Ihiic LS toan dien ehp HS Cae dan biel phan tich cac s u kien LS dupc phan anh em khdng chl dupc liep nhan cac tri Ihuc LS d nha m6i DSVH Tat nhien, nhi/ng thap tac tu tn/dng, trpng sach giap khoa ma ca ngoai xa hdi, a ban dau nhu quan sat, mieu la, ke chuyen v l n mdlDSVH Khdng chi giap vien day LS ma clean bp duoc quan triet Irong hpc tap lai di tich, nhung nhiing quan li, hudng dan vien tai di san va cac bae phu thao lac giai thich, suy luan, lien he dupc phat huy huynh cling tham gia cung cap, bd sung eac kien nhieu hPn HS kha, gioi se lam quen vdi cac thao lac Ihiic LS cho HS Bieu dd se tao mdi tn/dng giao cua nha "nghien ciiu nho tuoi", danh gia, suu due LS rpng ldn hon tam, phan tich cac si) lieu, lap ho so di tich, tuyen Nhu vay, dieu kien CO sdvat chat Ihieu thdn, truyen y nghTa cua di tich dpi vcri cpng dong V i d u , phuong lien day hpc chua phpng phii, chua lien lien tham quan, hpc tap lai khu di tich Lam Kinh, nhuhien nay, viec sddung DSVH DHLS dtn/dng quan sat bia Vinh Lang, HS THCS chiean biet hinh THCS la mptgiai phap tich cue de'gcp phan ddi mdi tiang, kich thude cua bia, ldi van dp Nguyin Trai phudng phap day hpc bd mdn theo hudng phat huy soan, ndi v l thSn the, su nghiep cua Le Lpi va cupc linh ddc l^p sang tao cua HS, khie phue tinh Irang khdi nghTa Lam Son HS TH PT duoc quan sat hudng day chay Ihep kieu I h l y dpc - trd ghi^ dang kha phd din klhon ca ve hoa van, kieu kien true va npi dung bien hien van bia de bp sung chp cac bai hpe Khi hpctap lai di Ngoai viec giao duc truyen Ihdng, niem tuhao dan san Thanh nha He, HS dupc hudng d i n Ihao luan tdc, viec sudung DSVH DHLS dtrudng THPT vatra Idi cau hoi: Vi Ho Quy Ly quyet dinh chpn ccn giao due cho HS y thtic ton trgng, bao ve cac di ndi day de xay thanh, ddi dp (mpt la han che anh san LS, van hoa cua dan toe Tinh Irang xuc'ng cap hudng cua quy tpc Tran, hai la Thanh Hda la vung nghiem trpng eua cac DSVH d nudc ta ddi hdi cac dat dia linh nhan kiet, dat dai rpng Idn, ihien nhien nganh, cae cap, mpi ngudi dan phai lang cudng y hiem yeu, ba la se chdng lai xam lupc oua nha M inh Ihiic gin glQ, bap ve, tdn tao nhung di san van hda quy vdi tutudng ehien luac thu hiem) gia cua nhan Ipai HS phothdng (PT) la mdt luc lUdng 2)BaltSpthiJchinh khong chideHS n Sm vftig ddng dao, dupc trang bi nhung kien thdc LS, van hda nhat djnh sela luc lupng bao ve, phat huy giatri eua di cac sukien coban,lien hetailieu da hpc vdi cupc spng, giai thich ve nhi/ng hien vat, di vat ciia di tieh, ma lam tich hieu qua nhat Van dung nhung kien thiic dd de phong phu them nhan thdo LS Bai tap tai di lieh ed tim hieu, nghien cdu ndidung LS, van hda ham chua nhieu hinh thiic, tiiddn gian (kechuyen, mieu la,ludng trpng mdi dl lich se lap mdt mdi In/dng td't nhat de Ihuat di tich ),tdinhung bai tip phdc tap (vesd dd.dSp bae ve di tich Vi vay, HS can dupc giap due y thdc sa ban, lap ho so di tich, suu tam hien vat Vi nhu, bao veditich,tdnhdng viec nhd nhugiuve sinh, bao td'chiic cho HS tham quan hpc tap tai Lam Kinh, eae ve cay xanh den nhung cdng viec Idn hon nhutrong em sedupc thuc hanh cac bai tap nhu veso dp khudi cay xanh, suu tam di vat, tai lieu, lap hd so di tieh lich, suu tam cac mau ehuyen ve Le Lpi va khdi nghTa Qua dd, cac em se gdp phan bao ve tdn tap eanh Lam Sdn, hay md ta, danh gia net dae sac Irong nghe quan di tich cang saeh dep, tranh duoc nhiing hu tuc lac hau, me tin, di dean, cac te nan xa hdi va Ihuat kien tnJc cua nha H6._ luyen Irayen mpingudi thuc hien, xay dung nep song N hdng hoat dpng tham gia le hpi tnjyen Ihdng tai hien dai, van minh lai DTLS disan van hda cdy nghTa supham Idn dSvdiHS.Cac (ki2-4/2013)- Tap chi Giae due so 308 | 47 Thuc b'ang viec khai thac, s d dung DSVH DHLS Qua dieu tra, khao sat (chu yeu d Thanh Hoa), viec khalthac, sudung DSVH it, chua co hieu qua cao, hinh thdc cdn ngheo nan, phuong phap chua khoa hpc Cac tn/dng PT chua thuc su col trpng viee day hpc phan LS dia phuang, nhat la gidi thieu, tim hieu ve cac DSVH cua dja phuang Cho de'n nay, nganh GD-DT cac dja phuong van ehua td'chdc bien soan cac tai lieu tham khao cho day hpc eac chu de Cdng tac ngoai khda, thuc hanh LS tai DSVH it eddieu kien thuc hien day du va co chat lucmg Trong cac ki thi, kie'm tra dmh ki, cac kien thuc ve DSVH rat it dupc thehien CacBan Quan lidi tich danh thang ehua tao nhung dieu kien "uu tien" eho HS de'n hpe tap tai di tich, xem dd la mpt nhiem vy quan trpng cong tac bao ton, phat huy cac gia tri cua DTLS, Khong i t G V L S dtn/dng PT da nhan thdc duoe DSVH la mpt nguon tai lieu LS, mot phuong tien day hpc cd hieu qua, cung cap, bd'sung, eu the hoa kien thuc, tao nhung bieu tupng LS sinh dpng, chlnh xae cho HS Su dyng DSVH phat huy nang luc hoat dpng nhan thuc dpc lap, gop phan khong nho vao viec ren luyen kT nang thue hanh bp mdn, giao due tu tudng, tinh earn dao due cho HS, Trong boi canh hien nay, sudyng DSVH DHLS d trudng PT, nham nang eao chat lupng mon hpe la mpt viee lam can thiet va kha thi, Tuy nhien, v l n cdn nhieu G V cho rang rat kho sddyng DSVH DHLS, vi thdi gian danh cho mon LS qua it, dieu kien vat chat cua cac trudng PT cdn ngheo nan, kinh phi eo hep Ti le GV ehua thuc hien mpttiet DHLS tai thuc dia DSVH kha cao (gan 90%), chua tn/c tiep hudng dan HS tham quan ngoai khda tai DTLS edn nhieu (khoang 50%), Tham chi, khdng it GV ehua tim hie'u nhdng DSVH d que huang minh Hinh thde vaphuong phap s d dyng DSVH DHLS d trudng PT eon ngheo nan, chu ye'u v l n v l n la dung cac tu lieu ve di san de minh hpa cac sukien bal hpc tren Idp va to' chdc tham quan ngoai khda h i n g nam tai cac di san gan trudng, Cong tae chuan bj eho mot buoi tham quan, hpe tap tai di tieh so sal, chua dat hieu qua cao, ehua gay thu cho HS Quatimhleu.chungtolnhan thay HSPT rat hdng thu cac gidhpc LS tai thuc dja, tham quan ngoai khda va cac hoat ddng eong Ieh xa hpi tai DSVH Tuy 48 Tap chi Gido dye so 308 nhien, suhieu biet ve DSVH cua eae em han che Cd de'n 60% HS khong hie'u biet ve eae DTLS tieu bieu eua Thanh Hda, nhudlsan duoc xay dung tu bao gid, phan anh nhung su kien, nhan vat LS nao, du chuong trinh, SGK LS cd nh^c de'n Mot so bien phap bao ve va phat huy gia trj cac DSVH bd'i canh hdi nhap quoe te hien 1) Cac tmdng can thi/c hien day duphin phd] chuang tn'nh ctja Bd, nha't ii phin LS dia phuong Mat khac, de thuc hien cac tiet hpc ve tim hie'u, tham quan DSVH ddia phuong theo quy djnh eua ehuang trinh, can cdnhung dieu kien vatchat, Ihdi gian, 2) Diy manh viec bien soan cac tii lieu hudng dan giang day, tham khao vecic DS VH tieu bleu cua dat nudc, que huong, to' ehdc cae hpi thao, cac chuyen de v e s d dyng DSVH DHLS dtn/dng THCS 3) Co Slf gitip dd, phd'i hqp chatche cia cac caquan nginh Vin hoa, dii phit thanh, truyen hinh, cic Ban Quan lidi tich - danh thing Cae CO quan can cd nhimg chuong trinh tham quan, hpe tap LS danh rieng eho HS THCS 4^Trong chuang trinh, SGK LS dol m d i s ^ tdi, cin lt/a chqn, gidi thieu nhieu han cic ndi dung LS vin hda, nha't la vecae DSVH tieu bieu cua nudctavathegidi.a {1} http://www.vieinamiourism.gpv,vn 26/8/2011 (2) Phan Nggc Lien (chu bien) - Trinh Dinh Tiing • Nguyin Thi Coi Phuong phdp day hpc Iich su*, t^p I NXB Dgi hgc suphgm Hd Ndi, 2002 (3) NguySn Thj COi Cac duifrng, bi^n phap nflng cao hi0u qua di tich tich sir v tnn^g phd thftng NXB Dgi hgc suphgm Hd Ndi, 2006 Tai lieu tham khao Ho^ng Thanh Hai Bao cao tdng k^t di tai KH&CN cap Bo "Sd dung cac di lich ljch su - vin h6a irong di tich lich sd a Uiimig THPT tinh Thanh H6a'", 2012 SUMMARY The subject ofhistory in high school system plays a significant role in educating students the consciousness of respect, protect and promote the value of national cultural heritages as well as those of human race Yearbyyear for various reasons, this function has not recognized In the context of intemational integration nowadays, to perform this task more effectively, it is necessary to select, specify more cultural events in the schooling program, textbook content, and innovate teaching methods -(ki2-4/2023) ... xa hdi, a ban dau nhu quan sat, mieu la, ke chuyen v l n mdlDSVH Khdng chi giap vien day LS ma clean bp duoc quan triet Irong hpc tap lai di tich, nhung nhiing quan li, hudng dan vien tai di. .. tai di lieh ed tim hieu, nghien cdu ndidung LS, van hda ham chua nhieu hinh thiic, tiiddn gian (kechuyen, mieu la,ludng trpng mdi dl lich se lap mdt mdi In/dng td''t nhat de Ihuat di tich ),tdinhung... sudung DSVH DHLS dtrudng THPT vatra Idi cau hoi: Vi Ho Quy Ly quyet dinh chpn ccn giao due cho HS y thtic ton trgng, bao ve cac di ndi day de xay thanh, ddi dp (mpt la han che anh san LS, van