THIET KEDE KIEM TRA, THI KHAU QUYfT m DANH GIA TOAN DIEN KET QUA HOG TAP MDN IjCH SJi C U A H O C S I N H P H O T H O N G O TS NGUYgN THj BICH '''' Ki l m tra, ddnh gid (KT,DG) Id khdu auan trpng nhdm dd[.]
THIET KEDE KIEM TRA, THIKHAU QUYfT m DANH GIA TOAN DIEN KET QUA HOG TAP MDN IjCH SJ CUA HOC SINH PHO T H O N G O K i l m tra, ddnh gid (KT,DG) Id khdu auan trpng nhdm ddnh gid (DG) vd d i l u chinh qud trinh ciqy hqc, chuyin qud trinh ndy sang mdt gioi doqn mdi phdt Hien coo hem D l KT,DG hodn thdnh vai Hd vd chi/e ndng cua minh, ddi hdi phdi thyc hiSn nhllu khdu, d d , vlee d l Icllm tra (KT), thi Id khdu quylt djnh Bdi v i l t d l cdp d i n vlee thiit kide KT, thi theo Ma trgn - khdu quyit dinh DG todn dlSn kit qud dqy hoc Ljch su (LS) Clio hoc sinh (HS) a trudng ^ong Cdn t h i l t p h d i x d y d u n g de KT, thi theo M o trgn d l Trong KT,£X7, de KT, thi ed vai trd quan trpng gdp phdn DG vd ndng cao chdt li/qng dqy hqe Kinh nghiem cua ede nude cd n I n gido dye Hen h l n nhu Singapore: «de chuyen ddi hidu qud td mdt nen gido dye «thuqc long" qua mot nen gido dye tgo ngudi ed nhdn cdch, cd tri thuc, cd kindng, biit edeh ty hqe vd nghien cuu sudt ddi thi then chd't vd quan trgng nhd't Id thay ddi cdch de thi" {}) Hieu qud ciio viec KT,E)G phy thudc vdo n h i l u y l u td; mye dfch, ndi dung, ddc bi$t Id edu hdi Hong d l KT, thi D l KT, thi edn DG todn didn ndng luc hpc top eiJa HS, n l u de qud de hodc qud khd se khdng phdn hdo chfnh xdc Hinh dp HS; d l phdi giup cho viec DG ddm bdo Hn edy vd Hnh gid trj; d l cd chd't luqng se ddm bdo chfnh xdc viec DG ed sy phdn hda HS (trong d d , so HS dpt diem Hung binh (5-d diem) phdl ehilm H le Idn hon HS dpt d l l m gidl (9-10) vd Idn hon K le HS dqt d l l m dudi trung binh) Do dd, cdn phdi ddi mdi viee ro de KT, iht Xdy dyng Ma trdn de Id viec Idm thiet thyc d l KT,DG thyc hien dung mye dfch, chuc ndng Xdc dinh tdm quon trpng cua ICT,DG, ddc biet Id xdy dung d l KT, Hil, Bd GD-DT d d ban hdnh Cdng vdn sd 8773/BGDDT-GDTr ve viee huong dan bien sogn di KTvd dd Hen hdnh tap hud'n gido vien (GV) edt edn d3 Hnh thdnh d l t r i l n khoi vi§c TS NGUYgN THj BICH ' xdy dyng d l KT, thi Tu ki II eua ndm hpc 20102 1 , vISc d l KT, thi phdi thyc hi^n theo cdng vdn ndy D i n nov, n h l l u tn;dng d d t r i l n khai xong v l ^ xdy dyng d l theo ma Hqn, nhung cung cdn n h i l u noi, n h l l u trudng ehira kjp trien khal, da sd GV ( k l cd Ipi Hd N§1) van h i l u chua ddy du viee xdy dyng d l KT, thi theo ma Hpn, cho rdng xdy dyng M o trdn d l qud n h l l u bt/dc, rat phuc tpp (h> H 1^ % so d l l m , so' edu hdi, d i n d i l m sd eOa cdc edu trde nghiem d moi ) Ma trdn de Id mdt bdng cd hai c h l l u , gom: - Npi dung hay mqeh k i l n thuc, kt ndng chfnh cdn D G ; - Cdc cd'p dp nhqn tht/c cua HS d mi/c biit, hieu vd van dyng (vdn dyng d cap dp thdp vd van dyng d cd'p d d coo) Diem mdi cOa Ma trdn d i K T , thi I d n n d y k h d c v d i A l a f r p n d e K T d a duoc Bd GD-DT top hud'n cho GV cd nude ndm 2008 Id: moi d (theo ehu d l hay npi dung) Id chudn k i l n thuc, ktndng chuong trinh edn DG, H Ip % so' d l l m , so' lupng edu hdi vd tdng s^ d l ^ cua cdc edu hdi So' lupng edu hdi euo h/ng phy thupc vdo muc quon Hqng ciio moi chudn Kiln thuc edn E>G, lirong thdi gian Idm bdi KT vd Hqng so d i l m quy dinh cho H/ng mqeh kiln thuc, h>ng cd'p dp nhpn thi>c Khi Idm quen vdi Ma trgn de, GV thdy rd't phue hap vd khd, nhung ddy Id edeh d l rd't khoa hpc N l u GV hjdn thu diing ede hudc cua quy Hinh blen sopn d l , se DG dupe todn dien ndng luc hpc tdp md HS cdn dqt sou mpt chu d l , npl dung hodc mpt giai doqn hpc tdp Cy thi: - Todn dien ve ndi dung kiin thuc LS (chinh trj, kinh t l , qudn sy, vdn hda, khoa hqc, kr thuqt), tinh todn dlin ve mye tieu dqy hoc, gido dudng, gido dye, phdt trien (2) Vf d y , bdi KT tilt gliia ki (Idp 10) se gom npl dung cOo cd chO d l HS d d dupe hpc ti/ong ung vdi chuong (Xa ndi ' Tr«&ig B9I h9c sir pham Hi N$i Tap chi Giao due so (ki a • la/aonj nguyin thuy;J(d hdi co dgi; Trung Qud'c thdi fXiong kiin; An Do thdi phong kiin) Npi dung chudn k i l n thuc, kt ndng cdn KT, thi d moi chij d l nhieu, it phy thudc vdo tdm quan trqng (sd tiet) cOo mdi chu d l md HS dd dupe hoc Do d d , de KT, thi duoc t h i l l k l theo mo trqn ddm bdo tinh todn diSn v l ndi dung KT, thi - DG ndng lye hgc tap cua HS vi kien thuc d ba cdp biit, hiiu, van dyng Trong d d , quy dinh rd't cy i h l muc dp DG b i l t ddi hdi HS phdi neu, trinh bdy, md t d ; hiiu ddi hdi HS phdl phdn tich, li gidi, gidi thfch, vi ; van dyng ddi hdi HS phdi so sdnh, nhdn xet, D G di/qc ede sy kien, k i l n thuc LS edn KT, thi N h u vdy, vlee thilt ke de KT, thi cd vai trd, y nghta quon trpng, vCra ddm bdo k i t qud DG dung ndng lye hpc tqp todn dien eua HS, vCro Idm KT,DG khdng Hd nen nhdm chdn md gay ht/ng thii tfch cue, tqo ddng co hpc tap vd phdn ddu cho HS, gdp phdn h>ng budc ndng coo chd't lupng dqy hpc bp mdn M p t so' yeu edu dd'i vdi GV x d y d u n g M a trqn de KT, thi d q y hqc LS d trudng phd* thdng De thyc hien td't viec t h i l t ke de KT, thi theo mo Hdn, GV Hip hjc hjdn thu cdc budc ci/a quy trinh ro de theo ma trqn \u ndm 2008 (3), cdn luu y cdc yeu edu sou: / / Xdc dinh dung mye dich cua de KT, thi Id cdng viec ddu tien cua quy trinh de De KT, thi Id cdng ey dCmg d l E)G k i t qud hqe tdp eua HS sou hpc xong mot ehu d l , mdt chuong, mpt hoc ki, mpt \dp hoy mot cdp hpc Khi soqn d l KT, thi, GV edn cu vdo mye dfch yeu edu cy the eua viec KT, thi (bdi KT t i l t glCra ki hoy bdi Kl h i t cudi ki), edn ci/ chudn kien thuc, kt ndng euo chuong trinh vd thuc t l Hnh hinh hqe tdp cua HS de xdc djnh mye dich d l K\, Hil cho phCi hqp 2) Lua chqn phuong phdp KT, thi phdi phu hep vdi mye dich, ndi dung DG todn dien ndng luc hoc lap cua HS Thiet k l theo Ma trdn de chi su dyng cho hinh thuc KT v i l t (Kr tilt) D l Kl, fhi dqy hqc LS dung phtrang phdp ndo? Hde nghiem, tu ludn hay k i t hpp trde nghiem vd h/ ludn? d d duoc n h i l u nhd gido dye nghien ct/u If gidi (4) Trong htrong dan thilt k l de KT theo mo Hqn mdi, cd Hie k i t hpp hoi jahuong phdp trac nghiem vd tu ludn IT le giSa d i l m cho phdn trde nghl§m vd phdn H/ ludn dupe d l md (nhung khdng nen qua % / % vd tdt nhd't vdn Id H le 30%/70%), vi moi phuong phdp KT trde nghigm Tap chi Giao due s6 (ki a • la/aon) hoy h/ ludn deu ed uu d i l m vd hqn che nhdt dinh Trong dqy hpc LS, k i t hpp mot cdch hpp If cdc phuong phdp KT trde nghiem vd ty ludn vua cd the DG khd ndng ghi nhd «Si}", vita cd the DG khd ndng «Luqn" eua HS, kleh thich tfnh tich cue hpc tap, tpo d i l u kien E)G k i t qud hpc tdp cita HS ehinh xdc hon 3) Cdn tudn ihO ti^ng budc cOa quy trinh thiit lap Ma trdn Ddy Id khdu quon trpng nhdt vd cung Id budc md GV Hidy «khd" bdi ed qud nhieu budc vd rd't phuc tap, d l gdy «rd'i" Vd'n de cdn thiet nhd't t h i l t k l de KT, thi, GV phdf hjon thu thye hien theo bi/dc euo quy Hinh, gdm: Budc Liet ke ten cdc chu di (ndi dung, chuong } edn Kl ddm bdo bao qudt du cdc npl dung HS dd dupe hpc, trdnh Hnh trqng KT khdng todn dien, thfch ndi dung ndo thi KT npl dung d d Sudc Viit cdc chudn can DG dd'i vdi moi cd'p tu Ddy Id viec Idm rd't quon trpng vd cdn liAJ y: - Chudn dupe ehpn de DG Id chudn ed vai trd quon trpng chuong Hinh mdn hpc Id chudn ed thdi lupng quy djnh phdn phdi chuong trinh nhieu vd Idm co sd de hieu dtrpc cdc chudn khde; - Moi mdt ehu de (npi dung, chuong ) nen cd nhi/ng chudn dpi dien duqe chqn de D G ; - So lupng chudn cdn DG d moi ehu d l (npi dung, chuong ) tuong i/ng vdi thdi lupng quy djnh phdn phd'i chuong trinh ddnh cho chu de (npl dung, chuong ) d d Nen de sd lupng cdc chudn kt ndng vd chudn ddi hdi muc dp tu coo (vdn dyng) nhieu hon 8udc Quyit dinh phdn phd'i tl le % tdng diim cho moi chu di (ndi dung, chuong ), day Id bi/dc GV thi/dng lijng tijng Viec phdn phdi H le % tdng d i l m cho mdi chO de (ndi d u n g , chuong ) cdn cdn ci> vdo mye dich euo de KT, thi, mt/c dp quan trpng vd thdi luqng quy djnh phdn phdl chuong Hinh cua moi ehu d l (nql dung, chuong ) Tuy nhien, viec phdn chia H le % chi mong Hnh tuong ddi, d l ddm bdo viec tfnh diem cho moi chu d l khdng qud le, Idm khd cho GV Budc Quyit djnh tdng so diem cua bdi KT Tdng so d i l m eiJa bdi KT, thi theo thang d i l m 10 Budc Tinh sd diem cho moi chu de (nqi dung, chuong ) tuang ung vdi tile %.^\diy,\\\e % cho ehu d l Id 30% thi d i l m tuong i>ng cho cho de td d i l m Budc d Tinh til$ %, sd'diem vd quyit dinh sd edu hdi cho m6i chudn tuang ung Ddy Id bi/de khd, GV cdn luu y: - Can cii vdo mye dfch euo d l KT, thi d l phdn phdl H \& % sd d l l m cho mdi chudn cdn D G , d mdi chu de, theo hdng GlCfa ba cdp dp: nh§n b i l t , thdng hieu, vqn dyng thso thu tu n@n theo ti l§ phii hpp vdi ehu d l , ndi dung vd trinh d p , ndng lye cua HS; - Cdn cCr vdo so d l l m dd xdc d|nh d Budc di q u y l t djnh s6 d l l m vd so edu hdi tuong ung (trong d d mSl edu hdi dqng trde nghiem phdl cd sd d i l m bdng nhau); - Vdi d l KT, thi k i t hpp cd hai phuemg phdp su dyng c6u hdi trde nghiem vd ty ludn, edn xdc djnh ti |g % tdng sd d l l m cua mdi phuong phdp cho thich hpp Budc Tinh tdng sddiim vd tdng sdcdu hdi cho mdi cot GV Hnh sd d l l m vd tdng sd edu hdi cho mSl edt theo hdng dpc, 8udc Tinh li If % tdng sd dlim phdn phdi cho mdi edt Sou Hnh sd d l l m vd tdng sd edu hdi cho mSl edt theo hdng dpc, GV cd t h i tinh dupe H Id % tdng sd d l l m tuong ung phdn phdl cho mSl cot 6udc DG vd chinh sua Ddy Id khdu rd't quan Hpng, cho ph6p GV cd the DG, chinh sua Ipi Ma trdn di cho phCi hpp vol ddi tt/png HS cdn KT,DG Vf dy, ed t h i ehinh st>a Iql edu hdi, chtnh sua Iql muc nhdn thuc (biit, hiiu, van dyng) cdn DG vdi cdc dd'i ttwng HS trung binh, khd, gidi theo y muon Tudn thij ede bt/dc eua quy trinh thiet Idp M a Hdn d l , song GV cdn dqc biet chii Hqng cdc budc 2, 3, d , d l M a trdn d l ed tfnh khoa hqc, ddm bdo Hn cdy vd tfnh gid trj eua d l KT, thi 4) E)dm bdo cdc nguyen tdc ctio viec blen soqn edu hdi theo Ma trqn Ddc biet chu y lopi edu hdi, sd edu hdi vd nql dung edu hdi Mo Hqn d l quy djnh (moi edu hdi trde nghiem chi KT mot chudn hodc mot vd'n d l , khdi niem) D l ede edu hdi dpt chd't tupng tdt, cdn bi§n soqn edu hdi thod mdn ede yeu edu sou: - Ddi vdi edu hdi trac nghiem nhieu lya chgn: Cdu hdi phdl E)G nhi/ng npi dung quon trpng cOa chuong trinh; phu hqp vdi cdc tieu ehi ro d l KT, thi v l mdt Hinh bdy vd so' d l l m H/ong i/ng; h> ngCr, cd'u trije cua cdu hdi phdl rd rdng vd d l h i l u dd'i vdi mpi HS; moi edu hdi chi cd mdt ddp dn dijng, chfnh xdc nhd't - Dd'i vdi cau hdi ti/ ludn: Cdu hdi phdl tX5 ndi dung quon trpng euo chuong Hinh; phCi hqp vdi ede tieu chf ro de KT, thi v l mat trinh bdy vd so' d i l m h/ong i/ng; t h i hiSn ro ndi dung vd cd'p dp tu cdn do; yeu edu eua cdu hdi phu hpp vdi trinh dp vd nhdn thi/c cua HS; edu hdi nSn gpl y ve: ddi eua bdi ludn; thdi gian de vilt bdi ludn; cdc HSu chi cdn dqt; cdu hdi phdl ro rdng, lihdng mdp md, khd h i l u , dS gdy h i l u Idm, ddnh dd HS, 5) Col trgng v/#c xdy dt/ng hudng dSn chdm (ddp dn) vd thang diim ddi vol bdi KT, thi cdn ddm bdo cdc y&u cdu: • Nql dung: khoa hpc vd chfnh xdc; - Cdch H n h bdy: cy the, ehi tilt nhung ngdn gqn vd d l h i l u , phu hpp GV edn xdy dung bdn md td cdc muc dp dpt duqe d l HS cd t h i ty DG dupe bdi Idm eua minh (kr thudt Rubric) 6) Xem xdt Iql W#c blSn sogn di KT, thi - Ddi c h l l u ti/ng edu hdi vdi hudng dan chdm vd thang d i l m , phdt hien nhimg sol sdt hodc thilu chfnh xdc cua d l vd ddp dn Sua cdc H> ngi/, ndi dung ( n l u cdn) d l ddm bdo Hnh khoa hpc va chinh xdc - Odi ehilu h/ng edu hdi vdi M o trdn de, xem xet cdu hdi cd phu hpp vdi chudn cdn DG khdng, ed phu hpp vdi cd'p dp nhdn thi/e cdn DG khdng, sd' d l l m cd thieh hqp khdng, thdi gian d y kiln co hpp khdng, GV ed t h i thu nghi&m h/ Idm bdi KT, thi (thdi gian Idm bdi euo GV bdng khodng 70% thdi gian d y k i l n cho HS Idm bdi) - Thu d l Kl, thi de h i p h/c d i l u chfnh de cho phij hpp vdi mye Heu, chudn chuong Hinh vd doi tupng hpc - Hodn thien d l , hudng dan chdm vd thang dllm Q (1) NguySn Thien Nhan "Mudi nSm tdi, gifiodijc Viet Nam se khSc" Vietnamnet.vn/giaoduc, 26/7/2006 (2) NguySn Thj COi C^c duong, bi^n phip a&ag cao tii£u qui day h^c licti si]r d t r u o n g p b l tliftng NXB Dgi Ape supfi(im H 2006 (3) Nguyfin Thj COi - Nguyfin Thj Bich "Ktft hpp tv lu{ln vdi trie nghi$m - bi$n phSp cdn ttii^t i&i moi phuong ph&p ki^m tra, d^nti gid k^t qua hpc tap ljch sir d trudng ph6 thOng" T^p cfti Gido difc, ^ 191/2008 (4) Trinh Dinh Tiing "Trie nghiem hay tu luSn mOn Ljch sii d trudng ph6 thOng" Tgp chi Gido difc, SO' 183/2008 SUMMARY The atticle introduces the reasons why It is r^ecessarv to build exam matrix - a step that determines ttie student learning outcomes assessment of Histor/ subject in schools It also proposes some requirement for teachers when building exam matrix In teactling History in secondary schools Tgp chi Giao due s6 (ki a • la/aoin ... KT, thi N h u vdy, vlee thilt ke de KT, thi cd vai trd, y nghta quon trpng, vCra ddm bdo k i t qud DG dung ndng lye hpc tqp todn dien eua HS, vCro Idm KT,DG khdng Hd nen nhdm chdn md gay ht/ng thii... Tudn thij ede bt/dc eua quy trinh thiet Idp M a Hdn d l , song GV cdn dqc biet chii Hqng cdc budc 2, 3, d , d l M a trdn d l ed tfnh khoa hqc, ddm bdo Hn cdy vd tfnh gid trj eua d l KT, thi 4)... khdng, ed phu hpp vdi cd''p dp nhdn thi/ e cdn DG khdng, sd'' d l l m cd thieh hqp khdng, thdi gian d y kiln co hpp khdng, GV ed t h i thu nghi&m h/ Idm bdi KT, thi (thdi gian Idm bdi euo GV bdng