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w THtfe T l tN e iAQ BIjC KHADSAIQUATRiNilKAYDIiNGVJITHIIC H i C H i SACH GIAO DUGVy Dfii VOl flONG BAD KHMER I N G DfiNG BANG SONG CUU LONG HIEN NAV PHAM NGOC HOA 1 Nhurig net khai quat chung Dong b[.]
w THtfe T l t N e i A Q BIjC KHADSAIQUATRiNilKAYDIiNGVJITHIIC H i C H i SACH GIAO DUGVy Dfii VOlflONGBAD KHMER I N G DfiNG BANG SONG CUU LONG HIEN NAV PHAM NGOC HOA- Nhurig net khai quat chung Dong b i n g sdng Cdu Long (DBSCL) bao gom 13tinh,thanh:An Giang, Ben Tre, Bac Lieu, CaMau, Dong Thap, Hau Giang, Long An, Sdc Trang, Kien Giang, Tien Giang, Tra Vinh, VTnh Long vaTP Can Thtf Day la vung tfiien nhien da dang, dong bang tnJ phu va rgng Idn nhat cua nudc ta Ntfi day, qua khdijch su, vdi khdng gian xa hpi ludn thoang [nd, da tfiu hut nhieu cdng ddng den sinh song, lap nghiep va la dja ban hgi ty, hda nhap cua nhieu nen van hda Dong -Tay, liim eo.DBSCLcddien tich tunhien gan trieu ha, vdl htfn 18 trieu dan sinh song, ehian 19,8% dan so ea nudc Cung vdi eae dan toe khae, edng dong ngudi Khmer tf DBSCL khoang 1.201.691 ngudi, chiem file 10,66% so vdi dan so ehung eua flnh,thanh phd vach lem file 6,93% so vdi dan so 13 tinh, vung BBSCL, Nhin ehung, ddi sdng dong bao Khmeredn nhieu khd khan ve vat chat, frinh dan tri edn thap so vdi cac dan tgc khae vung, bdi vay, viec nhin nhan, danh gia dung qua b'inh xay di;ng va tfiuc hien chinh sach GD-DT dd'i vdi dong bao Khmervung DBSCL la can thiet htfn bao gid het Khao sat quatrinh xay dting v a t h i i c hien chinh sach GD-BT doi v d i d d n g b a o Khmer vung BBSCL - Doitugng nghien cuu chuyeu cua bai viet la can bd lanh dao, quan li nganh giao dye va dao tao, eung nliumptsdddng bao Khmertren dja ban eactinh An Giang, Kien Giang, Sde Trang, Tra Vinh - Tiidigsn: fdthang den ttiang 8^014, khao sat thuctetaicae tinh An Giang, Kien Giang, SdcTrang, Tra Vinh Trong quatf^inh khao sattrinh hoc van cua dong bao Khmer d DBSCL, chung tdi nhan tfiay, nd gicri thudng if quan tam den viec hgc tap hon nam gidi Ngay canhijng ngudl than gia dinh cung it khuyen khieh eon gai ttiam gia viec hgc tap, di xa hay khdi cgng dong lap nghiep Hgcho rang, phy nunen dnha lo viee hgc may va, tfieu tfiua, nau an dechuan bj cho eupe songsau hon la ttiam gia vao cae edng viec xa hdi, nhat la viee cap sach den tardng budc vao tudi ttianh nien Do dd, phu nddan tdc Khmert^ng nhung tfiap nien tn/cctfludng edfrinhdphpe van tti^ Nhung nhiing nam gan day, vcfi xu hudng hpi nhap va giao luu van hda tron^ cgig dong, nhat l a d o ^ h hudng eua quafrinh phattriai dd tfij nen quan niem dan bj phaimdvanugidib§tdauedxu hudng den trudng hoe mptnhieu htfn Tuy nhien, viec di hpc cua hovaii cdn han ehe Tdnhdng phan fich tfen chottiay,v a i de gicfi cung anh hudng kha sau sac den trinh dp hpc van eua dong bao Khmer [yl of v£^ de khac Chung tdi tflucffig gap phai bong quatrinh khaosatdexaydungchinh saeh ddla dong bao dan tde Khmer ttiudng bo hgc td rat sdm Cd raf nhieu nhdng li khac dan den tinh trang bo hpc nhung li kha xae dang la cugc song cua dong bao Khmer kha vait va, so hd ngheo frong vung cdn kha eao, Ben eanh do, ngdn ngd cung la mdt nhung rao can, trd ngai dd'i vdl fre frong viec tiep ttiu kien ttide dtrucffig Hau nhu tre em ngudi Khmer tf lua tuoi tu den deu khdng dugc cha me dua di mdu giao ( m i u giao la mdi tnidng tdt defre lam quen vdi ngdn ngdtrong giao due (GD), va chuan bj fam li cho viee tfii dua hgc tap, nhung viec hgc mdu giao khdng dugc ngudi Khmerfrong vung quan tam) Den tudi hpe Idp {6 frjol), suvan dpng cua Ban Mat tran, Hgi phu nu, cac vj su , fre em mdl dugc dua den trudng, lue dd, nhOng dda fre se khdng fheo kjp sue hgc cua ban be cung Idp (la fre em ngudi Viet duge iigc nam chuong frinh mau giao) Ngon ngiJ tfeng Viet duge sudung tffnlcflig hgefrdnen xa la doi vdi hgc sinh Idp la ngudi Khmer, lam cho cac em khdng tie'p tfiu dugc vase dd cd nguy etf trdthanh nhung hpcsinhcdhgelucyeu kem tdnam dau c5p sacli den tnrdng Khi budc vao nhung Idp cao htfn, vdi hgc luc ye'u hoae frung binh se lam cho cac 'Khoa Triet bgc - Hfc ri?n Chinfi trj Khu vu'c IV - TP Can Thtf 58 Tqp chi Giao due so 359 (kil-6/2015) ci/e eua cae dja phutfng, dong bao Khmer da nhan ttide duge tam quan trpng cua hge van Tuy nhien, hien fr/gng fre bo hpe giua ehi>ig van edn bie'n, nhatlatfeap tnjng hpc CO stfvatnjng hpe phottidng Thd hai, to chi^ ldp hgc cap: De khSc phuc tinh trang hpc sinh bd hpe khdng theo kip ehUtfng trinh cac ldp ban va phai muu sinh, cac dia phuong da tocjide phd'i hup vdi nganh GD to chdc cac Idp hgc cap ban dem Chang han nhutinh Tra Vinh, Sde Trang da cd sy phd'i hgp rat chat che gida chinh quyen dja phutfng va nganh GD Chinh quyen, doan tfie va cac v i s u s e chiu trach nhiem iam edng tac van ddng,ddn doc ttieo ddi tinh hinh hoc teip cua eac em, hd trg kmh phi cho viec giang day, cap hgc bong cho hpc sinh Nganh GDse phy trach viec giang day Hai ben tiiucflig xuyen cdsuphcS hgp chat che dettieo ddi tinh hinh hpc tap eija cae fre em ngudi Khmerdecd cac bienphap dpng vien kip thdl r/7i/6a,c^/;pcddnp:Dephan nao kliSc phue kho khan ve hpe phi cho cac gia dinh cd eon em dl hpc, ngoai ehinh sach hdfrgeua Trung uong, cae dja phutfng vungDBSCLttiudngxuyenfoehuccap hpe bong eho hge sinh, sinh vien ngudl Khmerocaccap hpc decac em cd dieu kien hpe tap, frj gia cac suat hpc bong td 500.000 dong den trieu dong/nam theo loai hpe bong v a c ^ hpc Ngoai nhung phan hpc bong cap phat ttiudng xuyen, cac dia phuung edn ed nhung hofrgdpf xuatcho nhdng tii/dng hep tf^cd nguy CO bo hpc b ^ g hinh tfiuc tang qua hay hdtfgkinhphi hpc tap Thlin/, van ddng tre dihgc miu giio Wdc vio idp /: Do fre em Khmerdlda fud'i mdu^iao ehi sinh hoat gia dinh va cpng don^ nen d ^ den tre chi Khao sattflucte xay dung va ttiuc hien chlnh saeh giao tfep bang tieng Khmer Dieu ^ay khd khan GD-DT dcac dja phuong eho thay, ngoai ttiue hien cho quafrinh tiep thu kien thdc b5ng tfeng Viet tre cac chinh saeh cua Taing Utfng,cac dja phuang vao hoc Idp De giai quyet tinh trang nay, cae dja dui dpng xay dung va ttiyc hien ehinh sach phat trien phuonp da flen hanh van dgng cho tre em Khmer di hge mau glao.Tuy nhien, ehinh sach cung gap GD-DT doi vdl dong bao Khmer Dd la: Thi^nhai, van dgng tre den tudi di hgc den tn/ang rat nhieu khd khan: 1) Do dac diem cua eac trudng HtnhttiucttiUchien chu yeu la eae dja phutfng hang mam non la ban tnJ nen dd'i vdi ngudi Khmer, viec nam len danh saeh eac em den fridl vao ldp de tnft; an uong theo giao luat khdng cho phep ho gui eon ^ den van ddn^ cho fre den frudng Ta/dc cd em den eac frudng mam non; 2) Da so phu nd quyet djnh ve mien giam hgc phi cho tre em dan tde Khmer sau lay chong thudng tf nha npi frg Do (ttiuc hign nam 2003) ttii tinh trang bd hpc gida chung vay, hp thudng khdng gui tre hp cd tfidi gian d hoactrekhdng den tn/dng laratphd'bien, bac hgc ti le nhaeham con; 3)Chi phigdi tre se chiem mptphan tiwan vdlso tf^ bd hge Nguyen nhan cua tinh fr^ng dang ke cho chltleu cua gia dinh ti^bo hpc la: 1) Gia dinhfrekhong du dieu kien kinh te Nhung van de dat qua trinh xay decho tre den frudng;2)Mgtsd'tre phai lophuglupba dung va thuc hien chinh sach GD'DT doi vdi ni?tim kesinh nhainhututheo cha mebudn ban hay^ dong bao Khmervung DBSCL iS&n an xa; 3) Tre khdng tfieo kip chutfng frinh phd' Hien nay, qua trinh xay dung va thuc hien chinh lfi6ngdofrInhdptiengVietye'utnj'dckhivaoldphge GD-DT dd'i vdi dong bao Khmer dang gap nhieu khd HiSn nay, vdi chinh sach van ddng tre de'n tn/dng tieh khan, ttiaeh tfidc, xuatphat die'm vdkinh tevafrinh dp em cam ttiay maccam, fr/ti va hpe ten nhdng ldp cao hon nua tfii tipc luc cua cac em xuong dan, khdng th^tfieo kip ehutfng frinh hgc, nen sumac cam cang ildn hon, hequa la, dk) de'n viee nghi hgc Ngoai li fren viec nghi hgc cua em ngudi Khmer la suloi Idng, khdng coi viec hpc tiong cua phu huynh ngudi Khmer Ngudi Khmercd trinh dp hpc van khdng cao va hg chi lam nhdng edng viecttiudcdang gian dun nen Uiu nhap cua gia dinh kliong nhiaj Ngugc lai, viec chi tieu eho hpe phi, saeh vfl, lalchiem mdt tl le kha Idnfr^ongfong ttiu nhap cue giadinh.Dodd,khiconemhghpcvdiketquakhdng tothpsin sang chochungnghi hpc degiambdtmdt kiioan chi Tuynhlen,ketquakhaosafdgtnayeOng eho ttiay, Irinhdphgevan cua ngudl Khmervung Tay Nam bg fla CO sugia tang qua cac nam Cd dugc ketqua dd, la cac dja phutfng lam tdt khau xay diAig chinh sach va tuyen tfuyen van dgng, nen cac hg gia dinh da quan fam nhieu htfn de'n viec hgc tap, nang eao kien thdc, trinh dan tri cua em minh So hge sinh ngudi dan tgc Khmerdcae cap hpc khdng ngung tang.Matbangdanfridugcnanglenmgtbutfc.mue ti@uphocap G Dtteuhpc va xda mu chdeho dong bao Khmercobandahoan tfianh Nhdcd trinh hpc van toittiieunen hg da hda nhap rat tot vcfi ngudi kinh, ngi/di Hoa va ngudi Cham cgng dong, xda bd tanhgidldoixdvaphan bietgida eae dan tpc decung lam an, sinh sd'ng Nhieu ngudi Khmer cd trinh da 8iam gia vao quan li xa hdi, gid chdc vy cao frong eac ccf quan Dang, nha nude, doan the ciiinh trj - xa hgi; ilac biet la frong linh vuc GD (kil-6/2015) Tqp chi Gido dgc so 359j ss m dan tri ratttiap Chinh suhan che ve frinh dan tfi, - Can xac dinh dung vim decua dong bao va doi da can frd ddng bao viec ttep can vdl nhung t/gngcijacac(:hff}hsach Tn/dc hoach dinh chinh ttidng tin mdi, nhat la nhung ttidng tin ve khoa hoc kl saeh, can cd nhi&iq cupc khao sat ttiuc te de tim hiai tfiuatdeap dyng vao hoatdgng san xuat Qua nphien hien frang vanhu cau cua dwig bao Khmer Tddd, de cdu cho tfiay, ti le dong bao Khmer chua biet ehd nhung chinh sadi cu ttie chi tietnh^ vao tiing dc3 chiem gan 12%, frinh dp hgc van ttiugc cap tfeu hgc ti/gngcuttiededatk^quadUtfet6thtfn.Trongdd,can khoang 48%,h'lehpcvantfc^ frung hpe ctf sof khoang xay dyng kehoach tfieh Idiai thuc hien ket luan so2827% va hge vain td tfung hge thdng frd len la KUVN 14/8/2012 cua Bd Chinh tfi vephUtfng khoang 9%, ti le hpe van dai hgc, cao dang va tmng h u ^ g , nhiem vy, giai phap phat tfien KT-XH va dam cap chuyen nghiep la khoang 4%; ti Ie lao dgng chua bao an ninh qudc phdng vunq DBSCL tticri ki 2011qua dao tao chiem hon 97%, finh trang tfiieu dait san 2020, nhim xay dung tdng ttie eac chinh sach uu d a xuat, hp khd khan ve nha d, ve viee tam on djnh vali tieng chodong bao Khmergtai doan 2014-2020 vaed le hg ngheo ludn chiem ti le cao; chisd phat tnen G D Chi^h/tfc p h a t t i i ^ toai dien doi vdi ddng bao dan tpc va kinh te cac finh ed ddng dong bao Khmer sinh Khmer tf DBSCL den nam 2030, dinh hudng den song thap htfn so vdi chi so frung binh cua toan nam 2050 vung Mdt bdphan dong bao Khmeredn nhan tfiue - Can cdsuphahgp, &ao dakffih nghiem quaniivi mtf ho, khdng day du va chinh xae ve Ijeh su, vj fri tiiuc thi chinfi s^h cua cic dia phuang noi tap bung cua dan tdc minh frong cgng dong cac dan tdc Viet ddng ddng bao Khmer sinh song, de tfjdo viec hoaeh Nam, bj kexau lgi dung, mua chudc, gay mat doan djnh chinh saeh va tfiuc ttll ch'mh sach se hiaj quahon, ket vdi cac dan tdc anh em Mdt bd phan khac dong gdp phan vaoviecgialquyetvEuideGD-DT mptcach bao Khrner bj Idi keo tach khoi tdn giao tmyen dung d ^ va phu hgp Khi xay dung chinh sach GDthdng de fheo dao fin ianh va cdng giao, tao nen su DT phai dam bao sunhat quan hJrVnjng uong dsidia xao trpn ve tam linh cdng ddng cae dan tdc phutfng Ngoai ra, can cd ctf che dac t i u frong xay Mpt so kien nghj nham thiJC day quatrinh dung va tfiyc hien chinh sach, viec xay dung chinh xay dung va thuc hien chinh sach GD-DT dd'i sach phaixuatphafti/lpiich Chung cua dong bao - Dd'i vdi vung dan tgc Khmer, can thay rd tinh vdi dong bao Ktimer vung DBSCL Vectf ban,ehinh sach GD-;DT tai cae dia phutfng dac thu vi sugan bd giiia tdn giao &uyen ffid'ng vdi Ctf ban da dap dng dugc nhu cau cua dwig bao Dong van dedin /oc Dae biet chu frgng nang cao vaitrd bao Khmerfren tfii/c te da nhan tfiuc dugc su quan eua Hgi doan ket si/ sal yeu nude, nhat la cap chl h ^ fam cua caccE^ uyDang vachinh quyln dja piiuong CO sd dcac chua, bdi vdl dong bao Khmer, chua Id Tuy nhieri, frong qua trinh friue hien chinh sach doi frung fam van hda, phat huy vai frd cua hpi nay, chinh la each tang cudng tuyen tmyen van ddng vdi mdt dong bao HChmered mgt so diem can luu y: - Khi xay dung chinh sacli phai chu y den khia dong bao Khmerchap hanh luat phap vatham gia canh van hda, xaha, tam iicdng dong cua dong bio eac phong frao xay dimg van tida Dong ttidi, can /fflmer Ve nhung van de nay, chinh quyen va can bp quan tam co chinh sach dao tao ddi ngu glao vien dja phutfng can tap frung nang cao yttidc ngudi dan day chd Pali, ke ca chu Khmer d eac diem ehua, qua cachinh ttiuc frjyen tfuyen van ddng va can phai nham khac phue s u hyt hang nguon lue cho Tn/dng chuydCTyai to tfidi gian.Hoan tti ien chinh sach dan Bd'tuc van hda Pali Nam bg Viec dao tao cutuyen: tdc phu hgp vol tinh dae ttiu cua ti/ng dd'i ti/gng, dja khdng nen chi ttiu hep d vung dac biet khd khan ban CLI tiie la, khdng nen dat cac chinh sach lien nhu hien ma nen mtf rgng eac vung khac Nen quan den suttiay d a nhan tfidc cua ngudi dan Thay quan tam vaco chinh sach uu dai dd'i vdi cac em hpc vao dd, nen dat cac van de frong cac chuong sinh dutieu chuan ve frinh do, nhat la cac em ngheo, frinh dai han va 6en tuc Do vay, tijy tfieo ban ehatcua gia dinh chinh sach ngudi dan tdc van dema can cd nhiing chinh sach ng§n han va dai han thich hgp Trong xay dyng ehinh saeh, cac cap uyDang, chinh quyen dja phuong can tiiue hien tot edng tae hjyen fruyen van dpng sau sSc frong Dang, bgng^dan, lam eho ddng bao Khmer nhan ttide sau sac rang phatfrienGD-DT khdng chi phye vu cho su phat frien cua vung, ma cdn giup cho dong bao xda ddi, giam ngheo, nang cao frinh dp dan cu 60 Qua ttiuc te'khao sat d cac dia phuong v l qua trinh xay dung va thuc hien chinli sach GD-DT doi vdi dong bao Khmer vung DBSCL co ttie ttiay, mud'n phattrien GD-DT, nang cao chat lugng cugc sdng cdng dong Khmer, ddi hdi sucd'gang ratldn cua he thd'ng chinh tri cac cap, mat khac, can xac (Xem Hep Irang bia 3) Tqp chi Giae due so 359 (ki - 6/2015) ... trang nay, cae dja dui dpng xay dung va ttiyc hien ehinh sach phat trien phuonp da flen hanh van dgng cho tre em Khmer di hge mau glao.Tuy nhien, ehinh sach cung gap GD-DT doi vdl dong bao Khmer. .. bao Khmervung DBSCL iS&n an xa; 3) Tre khdng tfieo kip chutfng frinh phd'' Hien nay, qua trinh xay dung va thuc hien chinh lfi6ngdofrInhdptiengVietye''utnj''dckhivaoldphge GD-DT dd''i vdi dong bao Khmer. .. de''n viee nghi hgc Ngoai li fren viec nghi hgc cua em ngudi Khmer la suloi Idng, khdng coi viec hpc tiong cua phu huynh ngudi Khmer Ngudi Khmercd trinh dp hpc van khdng cao va hg chi lam nhdng edng