PHAT TRIEN KINH TE l •l•ŷ •l̂ l•liTTiT•lî liT̂ ilr̂ >̂h H I | U QUA OAU TV CHO 6IAO DUC DAI HOC VA CHINH SACH HOC PHI 6 VIET NAM PHUNG XUAN NHA* & PHAM XUAN HOAN* Nghien ami ndy ddnh gid hieu qud dd[.]
PHAT TRIEN KINH TE l-•l•y^•l^l•liTTiT•li^liT^ilr^^>h H I | U QUA OAU TV CHO I A O DUC DAI HOC VA CHINH SACH HOC PHI VIET NAM PHUNG XUAN NHA* & PHAM XUAN HOAN* Nghien ami ndy ddnh gid hieu qud ddu tu gido due dai hgc cua V thdnh tien vd so sdnh tdng lgi ich kinh te thu dug/c v&i tdng chi phi Nghien cuu kit ludn ddi v&i cd nhdn, binh qudn ddu tu 100 ddng ch lgi ich Id 324,46 ddng nh& tdng ndng sudt lao ddng Hiiu qud ddu duomg ldi sudt ddu tu vdn thuc duomg 3,15%/ndm ddi v&i cd nhd v&i xd hpL Thuc hien lp trinh tdng hgc phi theo Nghi dinh 49/201 2015 vd theo di xudt cua cdc tdc gid Nhg PX vd Hoan PX (2012) c ldm hogt dpng ddu tu cho gido due dgi hgc tr& lin kem hdp ddn ho vdn Nghiin cuu de xudt cdn cd cdi cdch gido due dgi hgc theo hu luongqua phu h gp vditdng muchgc hgc phi da chi Ua), co n nhung Gidi thieutdng ddu tu tdi chinh thdng viec phi lgi i c h phi ki n h tl k h a c n h u : c o k nangtu, hudn g GiaoTii-khda: due la ITnh vChi ue daphi c biet M o t m a t c o t h e coi gido due, loi ich gido due, hieu qudhaddu cd la quyen lgi co ban cua cong dan, theo dsoachngb uado i, tap chi, am nhac; co kha nang giao tie dan CO quy6n biet dgc, biet viet, co Ui tuehocaaoding de vdi xa hgi tot hon; dugc xa hgi ton U h o n V V hudng thu cugc s6ng Mat khac, giao due cung la Tuy nhien, cho tdi chua co nghien gng hoa dugc lgi ich phi kinh te, nen tat ca hmh thuc dSu tu vao ngu6n luc ngudi dneaonalu ng nghien cuu vl lgi ich giao due deu tap tmng vao cao nang suat lao dgng icah ckionnh te Khi coi giao due la mgt quyen co ban cu ngudi, Nha nude thudng ho Ug cho ca nhan nM gugdti chi tieu ludng lgi ich cua giao due du nghthoi ien cuu va thua nhan rgng rai la Ty le thu hgc, dac biet la hd Ug nhung ngudi bi thiet Uong xa hgi, th6 hien su nhan van cua xa hgi.vinNhcuhnog giao due Vi du, co the tim thay hang endo cuu ve vin dl d cac nude khac nh coi giao due la mgt hinh thuc dau tu thi cnoghily d u g c t o xac dang d£ thu hgc phi mgt each hgp ly, nham damng hgp Psacharopoulos & Patrinos bao chdt lugng dao tao giam bdt gan(h20n0a2n)g Doi vdi VN, co thi tim thiy nghien cuu ty le Patrmos & Moock (1998); VHLS Ug cap cho Nha nude 19u9c3,do 2004), ADB (2012) Xac dinh Nha nude nen trg cap hgp ly tdi (m V e nao, ngudi hgc phai dong gop tdi muc dg nao choban chit, ty le thu hii vin doi vdi giao d da.i K hg giao due la mgt v4n dl kho khan va nhay cam inch la r% (vi du 10%) co nghTa la Urong i namN^i hgc dai hgc, sau Uudng va d ng•hiePGS m theTS., gidi vlTnmng yln dl nD^i ay hehgc t sueQuoc da davdi ngia gm va6Ha -TS TnjngtimNgbiSncu.&BaotgoBiohi4m.B^T,ichinb thi b i n h tang r% so khong thi chep md hinh cu the cua bat cu nudequan luong cua ngudi hgc ,,,,, ddi phi d nu aPo em vlh vdi acfV m gh m poan a•n tgly, VN gntiaDX@.vnu.edu.vn; nug lai drit uiyeh ccIn nhgocly,biet n (khi gm ududoirun aghcg x U cam u c.dn u N dg cignohdagu id gu lgi cgchihoanphamxuan@gmail.com u cm hdnugm ki cn U vin neh au n m hahT dgn g utcrdiu g ntciy oaego nhh gniegU hnpig reinacth nlu o u ,eum ydd u knah eg vnh )oah T nla g anggicdi u taugoacg nhigachi lai oc.doi dKhi tieu uebacnty U oen clehie(ty unavyaqleuacrat athocua , PHAT TRIEN KINH TE Sd268, Thang Hai hieu lam vi noi ty le thu hoi von gdiauoong duevdi lai suat dau tu thuc Uen thi Uudng vo nhieu phan tram hang nam (sau da loa la 10%, de lam mdng giong nhu dau tu Ubeano thi yu euoeto10lam phat)? Tu ket qua tra ldi cau hoi trudng von, la eu dau ta 100 dong thi thu d dong hang nam, noi each khac hieu qua daung tuhiecnhocuu se tra ldi tiep cau hoi thu 3: Viec hien 16 trinh tang hpc phi dai hpc theo Nghi din giao due dai hoc la 10% /201d0u/C Su thuc khong phai nhu vay Hai nhn g4i9 ao eP-CP cho giai doan 2011-2015 va theo d deu CO ty le thu hoi von la 10%, nhung nenxu gaiatotaidueNha PX & Hoan PX (2012) cho giai -2020, CO lam viec dau Ur cho giao due d thu nhat chi phi nhieu hon, muc luong binh20q1u6an VoNn, U ciia lao dpng nen kinh te thu nhat thap h thid nen kem hap dan hon so vdi dau Ur ro rang la hieu qua thuc su cua nen giao duetm thdungnhvaotn khong? thap hon nen giao due thu hai Tai vay?2.ViCd sd ly thuyet va phu'dng p tinh ty le thu boi von, ve mat "chi phi", cacNnghhaien cuu gia dinh ngudi bat dau luac tuoi; neu chi hpc tieu hpc, se ket thu nghien cuu chi quan tam tdi thdi gian hpc tahpcm tap nvam khong lupng hoa chi phi cu the tien; e 10 moi; neu tiep Uic hpc trung hpc ng tdi hpc thong, day nghe hoac dai hpc, s mat lpi ich cac nha nghien cuu cung chi quantm tam grt m keat thuc hpc tap nam 14 moi, 17 tuoi, thu nhap lao dpng tang len bao nhieu phan tralum acanh22 Uioi, nhu minh hpa tai Hinh khong lupng boa cu the phan tang them dohoth tien Khac phuc han che nay, cac tac gia da suBadnugng1 cho thay Uong cac nam di hpc, ve p phuong phap hoi quy vdi su ho trp cua canchanphanngudi hpc se phat sinh chi phi tai chinh, cu la th mem may tinh de lupng boa chi phi tien, ropncgphi va khoan chi phi hpc phi [2] va COnhhapti ciia thdi gian di bpc Doi vdi xa hpi, c do, chi tieu van cd nhimg ung dung giao due ngoai cac chi phi ca nhan, co cac dinh nhu neu d tren Bang Phan loai chi phi giao due chi pdahoiinvvi xnaudhepitrp cap va cac khoan chi phi m Nghien cim danh gia sat tC hu hicphhiongiaohieu duequ ao tacu oaC^ dcieungtiet dau tu giao due C dahi phhpicgi^o cuadgcVN, iecgiao dTurep dcip doi tvhcocingc^qC nuO haanvsd uontuthucacphinguo ctehohphioadtoN a o tao lupng hoaChbianpghi tien ichi kpkhinaichCO idhp van oignd tai chvinah sdooi svaonihngtuoonighplpi cC u-oc hpc phi cua ca so Tonggiaoda co ue tg Tohongiankhe dch eo u ch [1] thu dupe Ur giao due dai hpc vdi tonngg ucrichi hC pcacphibao cao gianchuacho sieo dgiptrom ngad oiaodpd nyge tu(neu15eot,uoivi trd phH atpcsinphi cPuhai hnpecn phi gia:o(1d e.acCu goh )uC khoathnedh onogn,K gn ohp an cn hto huncguunh tgdicdp moi lag ngheon se Ua lditru hoan igcaulophoi: uhng hiaot, nkehuoa,da(u3)dtu pntgdnog , (2)Tshac odynm k dnihgiealn mcturoungnay gia dthiet g' Dd ieup tietuoi t sanbgatti>dau p n g ciia m p t n g u d i k h o n g c b a n g von vao geig aohp dcuetgpd,ai(4)hpqcuancuaaoVd Nongthiphthgth uc,aiv dd u p e b a o agia(5)hpc tgp cac hogt dpncgap,dichoavcy c b a n g tieu h p c h o a c chi c gaotmntago,hpccaeco sd nNguSn: hieu dongchnih d n a n g s u a t l a o d p n g t a n g l e n s a u n a y ? k h a c phbiand Mnih hpa cua cac tac gia choacnaptaidtrp ao t.a)o tieu h Thu bai, viec dau ta tien vao giao due dai moi hpc nN hh uu vay, doi vdi cak vay, CO the hinh dung ve mat hieu qua kinh te, tuong 24 PHAT TRIEN KINH TE TTS^ trung hpc ca sa se khong phat sinh chi phi co hpi, vi thu nhap cao hon suot thdi g dupe thirc hien tre em qua be, ndu khong di mong ung vdi 46 nam, 46 nam, 43 hpc cung idiong tham gia dupe vao luc lupng lao 38 nam dpng dl tao thu nhap ^^u da Uinh bay d phSn gidi thieu, hieu qu Cac cap dao tao day nghe va dai hpc, ngoai chi Ur cho giao due ung vdi moi cap dao phi tai chinh, se phat sinh chi phi ca hpi Cu thi, chi dupe danh gia dua Uen hai chi sl phi CO hpi cua cap dao tao day nghi phat sinh Uong la ty le giua ting lpi ich thu dupe tu n nam (18-20) Uili, vdi chi phi hang nam mong viec (do dupe hudng muc luong cao h duong vdi thu nhap hang nam cua ngudi da tot ting chi phi phat sinh Uong nhung nam h nghiep Uung hpc phd thong Tuong tu, chi Ldi ich thu dupetijnhung nam lam viec so ciia cong :thuc (1)) va tinh chi phi co h( pp hci C h pO hohthpoincgu.a cap dao Hieu qua diu m =(tu nhC im au cso o hcioiia cong thuc tao dai hpc phat sinh hg i phnaim tai dichinhhoc+ (d Chimphi V e mt Ipi ich, n h u d u p e m i n h h p a tai H i n h 1, ^ u p c t i n h d u a t r e n p h u ang phap sau: nam (18-22) , Ln (x) = a + P{age) + [age]^ + yD^^^ + ^ D „ ^ ^ ^ „ -i / o D , „ „ „ , ^ , ^ (2) + " Uili, vdi chi phi hang "Sha va dai hpc) + Z ^, A n a m m o n g d u o n g vdi mpt ngudi tot nghiep cap tieu hpc, tmng hpc co sd Hoi quy thu nhap (tinh theo logarith) •k.n.g„i,h s~pct,A u -dai hpc, se'^c'?oc tlianoh dlaipngic,hthte ho ud dp uactuoi, tu n tm ph„d„ thon^g, day nghe, hoac bhinim hgphnuam anglam dp thu nhap hang nam cua nguoi da tot nghiep tmng , , x , , nghe Chi phi tai chinh & chi phi CO hpi Nghi huu Chi phi tai chinh Nghi huu & chi phf CO h$l Hinh Minh hoa ve chi phi va Ipi ich ciia giao due Ngudn: Giai thiet ciia cac tac gia 2012 CAC CH N iH SACH vA TANG TRUONG, M C PHAT TR6|N KINH TS B^N VUNG GIAI O OAN 2011 -2020 PHAT TRIEN KINH TE ;-':T'-[^^aiiTT]Ti;nimiif-i'i^] ve giai tinJi, bien gia ve Ichu vue song va lam Banviee, g He sd nang suat va lUc lud ' ng lao dpng bien gia ve dan toe, va euoi eimg la bien gia ve trinh Tong soH# so Tong hoc van eua ngudi lao dong lao dong nang nang Trong cong thuc (2) se ap dung bien gia ve (trieu suat suat trinh hoc van cua ngudi lao dong, ung vdiKho8ngcba^png cap 140 ,2 10 ,0 140 ,2 n g5 iF1 >i) 10 ieuHLhSpS c ,60 ,2 154 ,4 dao tao hien tai cua VN dugc thong ke trongTV un,g(iii) hoc co' SP 186 ,0 10 ,9 201 ,6 (2008, 2010) la: (i) tiSu hgc, (ii) Uung hgc caT srrd T ung hoc thong 93 ,0 13 ,1 122 ,2 tmng hgc thong, (iv) cong nhan ky thuaC t on g a n ng nhan < ly thuat ngan h2 g2 ,n0 14 31 ,5 ban, (v) cong nhan ky thuat dai han, (vi) tmnC gonghgn chan < iy thugt dai hgn13 ,0 15 ,8 20 ,0 ngienhpc chuyen nghiep 23 ,0 16 ,8 38 ,2 chuyen nghiep, (vii) day nghe, va (viii) dai hgc.TruB Dgy nghe 02 ,0 16 ,4 03 ,7 gia D se co gia Ui bing neu ngudi laoDdgginhgpcco 35 ,0 21 ,4 74 ,6 trinh dao tao cap i va co gia tri bang n TeoungkIh