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DliNDANGtAOPyC Mpt s6 vin &h ve quan ly nha nUdc ddi vdi cac triTdng dai hpc tiTthuc d iwi&c ta hien nay TS VC ANH TUAN* ThS PHAN TBI NH^T TAI''''* 1 Trubng dai hgc tuthue (hay ebn goi Ik trudng dai hgc[.]
DliNDANGtAOPyC Mpt s6 vin &h ve quan ly nha nUdc ddi vdi cac triTdng dai hpc tiTthuc d iwi&c ta hien TS VC ANH TUAN* - ThS PHAN TBI NH^T TAI'* Trubng dai hgc tuthue (hay ebn goi Ik trudng dai hgc tulkp, dkn Ifip) laraflhinh giao due dfi dm kha Ifiu va phfl' bifi'n d d e nude trdn thi gidi, dac bifit la eae nude phat trie'n nhu My, Nhfit Ban, Due, OxtifiyHa Tuy nhifin, quy dinh ve tnrong dai hgc tuthue (DHTT), hiu het d e nudc khdng dinh ngMa cu the' ma chi dua d c dkc dilra dl xac dinh the nao la ttudng DHTT Theo dd, dua vao hai can cii quan tiong nha't: chu the lap va Mnh pM hoat ddng eua nha trubng tM trudng DHTT la trubng dupe thknh lap bdi bk't M chu the nao khdng phai la nhk nudc va kinh phi hoat dflng eua trubng Ik ngoki ngfin sach qufl'c gia ViOt Nam, hai tieu chi tren ciing da timg la co sd dd' nha nudc xac dinh d e loai Mnh doanh nghifip: doanh nghiep nhk nudc (doanh nghiOp qudc doanh) vk doanh nghidp dfin doanh (doanh nghidp ngoai qud'c doanh) Tuong tu, cae trubng dai hpc ciing duoc ehia thknh dai hgc cfing lap vk dai hgc ngoki cdng lap dua theo each xac dinh loai hinh doanh nghidp trdn Khoan 1, Difi'u 48 Lukt Giao due nfim 2005 (sua dd'i, bd' sung nam 2009) quy dinh: "a/ Trudng cdng lap Id trudng nhd nudc thdnh ldp, ddu tuxdy dung CO sd vdt chdt, bdo ddm kinh phi cho ede nhiim vu chi thuong xuyin; b I Trudng ddn ldp cdng ddng ddncudcosdthdnhldp,ddutuxdydungcas&vdtchdt vd ddm bdo kinh phi hoqt ddng; c I Trudng tu thue * Hgc vidn Chfnh trj - HAnh chfnh khu vuc III "Daihgc Duy TAn, DA NSng cdc tdchdcxd hdi, tdchucxd hdi - nghi nghiip, tSchdc kinh tihodc cd nhdn thdnh ldp, ddu tuxdy dimg casd vdt chdt vd ddm bdo kinh phi hoqt ddng bdng von ngodi ngdn sdeh nhd nudc" Tren thuc tfi', d e trudng dai hgc ngoM dng Ifip da timg tin tai dudi d e Mnh thiie: dai hoe ban cfing, dai hpe dfin lap va DHTT Tuy nMfin, theo quy dinh MOn hanh thi khfing edn thknh Ifip d c tnrong dai hpc dan Ifip vk nhu vky, ttudng dai hpc ngoki cfing lap cM ran rad hinh dai hgc ban cfing (tradng dai hoc dupe thknh lap ttrnguon vd'n d nha nudc vk cua tunhkn) va DHTT HiOn nay, nhk nudc dang timg bude chuyen dii dan trubng dai hoe ban edng sang DHTT, boi vi thue te eho thfi'y, nhieu tnrong dai hpc ban cdng hoat dfing thuc chfi't la trudng tu nhung nup bdng nhk nude Vi the, viee chuyen dd'i mfi Mnh trubng dai hoc banrangsang trubng DHTT Ik vide lam d n tMfi't de tach bad ro rkng hon giua cflng va tu tiong Hnh vuc quan ly nha nudc ve giao due dai hpe Nhu vfiy, cd the Meu trubng DHTT Ik mfit co so giao due dai hgc thugc hfi thfi'ng giao due qufi'c dkn, d c d nhfin hoac to chiic thknh Ifip vk boat dfing bai^ vfi'n ngoki ngfin sach nha nude Qua hon 20 nam ton tai vk phat ttie'n, cac trudng DHTT da gdp phin khfing nho vko viOc thuc MOn chu ttuong da dang hda, xa hdi hda giao due ya thue MOn quyin hpc tap cua cfing dfin d nude ta Didu nky thi hien ro qua vific khdng ngimg tang so lupng eac trubng dai hgc: 17 trudng (1999 - 2004) vk din DEfeNDAN GIAO D y e nam hpe 2010 - 2011: 45 trudng (chie'm ty 10 31% tfl'ng sfi' dai hgc ea nudc) Su ddi va phat trifi'n cua cac trudng DHTT thM gian qua khdng chi dap ling nhu elu hoc tap ckng tang cua nhfin dfin mk tao ndn rapt mfl hinh quan Iy giao due mdi: nkng dflng va mlm deo, phii hop vdi xu hudng hdi nhfip qud'c td' Tuy nMdn, bfin canh dd nhilu trudng DHTT ciing bdc Id mfit si han chfi', bfi't cfip da lkm Inh hudng khdng nho tdi vM trb eua loai hinh dko tao nky: 2.1 Vi cosd vdt chdt: Khoan 5, dilu Quyd't dinh 07/2009/QD-TTg ngky 15 -1 - 2009 quy dinh chi tidu binh qukn diOn tieh dfi't/sinh vidn (SV) la 25 m^/SV, diOn tieh nhk da xfiy dung dua vko su- dung binh qufin td'i thie'u mVSV, didn tich eho hgc tfip td'i tMe'u 6ra^/SVva sinh hoat Ik mVSV Mae dii vky, dd'n hfi't nam 2009 td'ng didn tich dfi't dai ciia 32 tradng ngi thknh phfi' Ho Chi Minh la 256,2 ha, binh qufin 12,9 m^/SV, chi dat radt nua miie quy dinh Trong do, ed 7/31 trudng d miic rat thk'p: chl ed tir 0,4 m^ - mVSV nhu; trubng Dai hgc Qufi'c te'Hong Bang la 0,51 m^/SV; Dai hoc Van Lang: 0,64 m^/SV; Dai hgc Ngoai ngu - Tin hpc: 0,46 m^/ SV; Dai hgc Hoa Sen: 3,27 m^/SV^ Dieu da anh hudng khdng nhd tdi chfi't luong day va hgc ciia d c tirubngDHTT ddi ngii giang vidn, nhfin vidn Ikp trubng la: khfing qua 10 SV/GV dd'i vdi ngknh dko tao nang kMeu; 15 SV/GV dd'i vdi nganh khoa hgc - ky thuat va cdng nghO; 25 SV/GV dd'i vdi ngknh khoa hgc - xa hdi va nhfin vfin, kinh t l - quin tri kinh doanh Ty 10 SV/GV ciia ca nudc Men trung binh Ik 28 SV/GV, theo Bp Giao ducva Dao tao, so cdng Ik da qua cao so vdi quy dinh The nhung, kd't qua tu hoat dpng giam sat cua Uy ban Thudng vu Qufl'c hdi cho tha'y, d mdt so' trudng DHTT thi ty Id d muc dang bao ddng: Dai hoc Ngoai ngu - Tin hgc thknh phfi' Ho CM Minh; 47^3 SV/GV, Dai hpc Tfiy Do: 44,2 SV/GV, Dai hgc Qufl'c te Hong Bkng: 40,2 SV/GV Vdi thuc td'dd, khdng dam khang dinh vl viOc dam bao chfi't lugng day va hpc cac trudng DHTT 2.3 Vi CO cdu t6 chuc vd hoqt ddng: Mo hinh cac trubng DHTT MOn dupe xay dung gid'ng hokn toan loai hinh doanh nghiep cdng ty co phan Thuc te' cho thay, md hinh khdng phu hop vdi d c trudng DHTT pM Igi nhufin vi bg may quan ly trudng DHTT phi lgi nhufin phai to'n tai hdi dfl'ng trudng nhu d c trudng dai hgc cdng Ifip Hdi ding trudng la tap the, ca nhan dai didn cho nguIn vfln khdng phfin chia cua trudng; cd quyen tham gia vao hoat ddng quan ly de giam sat va dd'i trpng vdi hfii 2.2 Vi ddi ngugidng van (GV): Khoan 4, dieu cua dong quan tri trudng - noi quyen lire tap trung vko quye't dinh ndi tten quy dinh so luong va chfi't lupng chu thi cd nMeu vd'n Mo hinh trudng dai hoc tu thuc Mo hinh cong ty c6 phan Dai HDCD \ * Ban kiem soat HB quan tri Chu tich HBQT Chu tich HBQT i i Hi$u t r u ^ g * * i Ban kiim soat HD quan trj Phd hi^u trirong Phd giam doc— 1.VuTho,€)ang Nguyen, Hd Anh, DdtnrdngngoAi cdng lap binh ding vdi cdng lap,Baolhar\\^nen,s6^7 (5504).r\ga\/ 17-01-2011, 89 Pri:NDANGL\ODVC Vi the', mfl hinh trubng DHTT nhutren chi cd thi phil hpp vdi nhiing trudng DHTT vi lgi nhukn, ngMa lfi hoat dgng gid'ng nhu rapt cfing ty cl phin, Tuy nhien, quy che to chiic vk hoat dfing ciia trudng DHTT lai ed nhirng quy dinh rfi't so ski vk bfi't cfip so vdi quy dinh ciia Lufit Doanh nghifip 2005 dfi'i di cfing ty ed' phin Vi du: Lufit Doanh nghiep quy dinh eu thfi've chiie nkng, nhifira vu vk quyin han dai hfli ding cfi' dflng cua edng ty nhung quy ehd'tl chiic vk hoat d()ng ciia trubng DHTT iai khfing ed nhung quy dinh tuong tu vl dai hfli dong cd' dflng cua nd Dieu nky dii^e eoi la mpt nhung nguydn nhfin khid'n cho vide dilu hknh va quan Iy d eac trudng DHTT thM gian qua ed nhieu mku thuan vk xung ddt rak bao chi dk timg thdng tin 2.4 Vi nghfa vu tdi ehinh: Hiu hd't eae trudng DHTT Ifip deu neu ton chi Ik hoat dflng khdng vi Ipi nhufin, nhkra tranh nhtrng nghia vu vk hudng nhiing uu dfii, chinh sach eua Nhk nudc qua trinh xa hgi hda giao due Tuy nhien tren thuc thd, da phin cac trudng chay theo loi nhukn, quan tam viec tuyen sinh cang nhilu cang tfi't dl tang nguon thu, cae yeu elu ve dieu Men eo sd vfit chfit vk dfii ngu giang vifin dap ling chua dii Trong kM dd, d Hoa Ky, eac trubng dai hoc tu chi duoc thira nhkn la to chiic phi Ipi nhufin vk duoc hudng nhiing ehinh sach uu dki sau kM da tie'n hanh mgt quy trinh Me'm tra chat ehe vl thue vk lukt phap chii khfing phai ehi dua vao khfi'u Meu hay muc tieu, su menh ma nhk trudng cdng bd' Dieu cho thky rafit "lfi hong" rat dang Io ngai quan Iy nha nudc dd'i vdi cae trudng DHTT Men Trudc thuc trang dd, yeu ciu khach quan va cfi'p thid't hidn Ik phai ed co ehe phap ly hokn thidn de dieu chinh hoat ddng cac trudng DHTT nhkm eae mue tieu: dam bao hidu qua hoat ddng eua cac trubng DHTT theo muc tieu de ra; dara bao hoat ddng cac trubng DHTT khudn kho phap lufit quy dinh; dara bao quyfin, Igi ieh hgp phap cua nhk dau tir, dam bao quyfin, Igi icH hpp phap eua nhung ngudi ed Hdn quan: ngudi hpc, giang vidn, nhfin vidn, ngudi quanly, nhk nudc Quan ly nhk nudc Hnh vue giao due - dko tao ndi chung va dfi'i vdi cae trubng DHTT ndi rifing la mfit bp phan quan bfic nhfi't td'ng thd' quan Iy nha nudc trdn cac Hnh vuc eo ban cua dm 90 sd'ng xk hfli Lufit Giao due MOn hknh quy dinh: Nhk nudc thfi'ng nhat quan ly he thfl'ng giao due qufi'c dkn vl muc tifiu, chuong trinh, ngi dung, kd' hoach giao due, tifiu chui'n nhk giao, quy chl thi eu, hO thd'ng vfin bkng, ehung chi; tkp trung quan Iy chfi't lugng giao due, thuc MOn phfin cfing, phfin cfip quan Iy giao due, tkng eudng quyin tir chu, tu chiu trach nMem cua eo sd giio due Nhiing nfii dung chu yd'u ciia quan ly nha nudc vl giao due - dko tao duge quy dinh tiong lufit trdn Theo dd, trubng DHTT sfi chiu suqulnly eua Bd Giao due - Dko tao vk chiu su quan Iy hknh ehinh theo lanh thi ciia uy ban nhkn dan cfi'p tinh noi trubng dkt tru sd theo quy dinh eua Lufit Giao due vk Quy ehd'tl chiie, hoat ddng cua trubng DHTT Quan Iy nhk nudc doi vdi cac trubng DHTT phai dap ling cac ydu ciu vira thue hidn tot ehue nkng giam sat, vira dam bao duge chat luong dko tao nhung vin phat huy dupe tinh tu chu cua cac trubng DHTT la dilu khflng phai don gian Bdi le, hoat dflng giao due khfing don thuin la hoat dflng xk hoi thfing thudng, ma nd ebn gan vdi he thd'ng giao due ehinh tri, giao due tutudng ciia nin giao due Thue trang quan Iy nhk nudc doi vdi d c trubng DHTT Men cho thfi'y, ebn ed khdng it nhiing ban chfi', bat d p d n dupe nhin nhfin thfi'u dao de d hudng khac phuc Mp thbi, Meu qua: • Ve khudn kho phap Iy,rantMeu nhiing quy pham phap lufit xac dinh vM ttb, ttach nhiem cu thi d a co quan nhk nude cd thfi'ra quyin tiong trubng hpp thu hoi gifi'y chung nhfin diu tu; khfic phuc su can tMfip qua sfiu eua co quan quan Iy nha nudc vao hoat ddng nfli bp trubng DHTT Dac Met quy che to chiic va hoat dpng eua tradng DHTT nhilu quy dinh chua phil hgp vdi thuc tfi', gfiy trdngai cho hoat dfing quanly nhk nude Hnh vuc nky Vi du: + Khoan 3, dilu 31 Quy ehd'tl ehiic vk hoat ddng trudng DHTT quy dinh: "Trong tnrong hpp nha tnmng bi giai the vific xu Iy vl tki cM'nh, tki san dugc ap dung theo quy dinh cua phap Mat vl giai thi cua doanh ngMep" Tuy nMfin, quy cHlnay lai khfing quy dinh eu the' vl xu ly tki san trudng hgp trudng hoat dpng khflng hieu qua, tai san khdng du dd' thuc Men d c ngMa vu tki san (gifi'ng tnrong hpp pha san cua doanh ngMfip) + Doan 2, khoan 6, difi'u 29 Quy che tfi' ehiic va hoat dpng trubng DHTT quy dinh: Tai san chuyen tir DI6NDANGIAODVC ttudng dai hpe dfin Ikp sang DHTT dug'C xac dinh Ik tki san chung hpp nhfi't khong phfin chia va duge giao eho hpi dong quan tri - dai difin eho tap the ngubi gdp vfi'n va thknh vien eo hiru trudng DHTT quan ly vk dilu hanh theo nguydn tkc bao tin va phatttid'n.Tuy nhidn, tren thuc te Iai chua edraptco che kha tM de nha nude Mfi'm tra vide su dung nguon vfl'n dd Dac Met, trubng hgp tai san dd dupe su dung khfing hifiu qua thi vific xac dinh trach nhidra phap ly nhu the nao da khdng duoe phan anh quy dinh tren day - Ve ehiie nkng thfi'm tra tinh kha thi vk hidu qui cua duan thknh lap trudng thbi gian qua cho thky, nhieu trudng hop, eo quan quan ly nha nudc da tid'n hknh eae hoat dpng thfi'ra dinh, kid'ra tra, giam sat kem hifiu qua hokc hinh thiic nen da dfin dd'n hfi luy la nhieu trubng DHTT khdng du dilu Men vfin duoe thknh Ifip vk gfiy nhung phan ung khfing td't ttong xfi hgi Dieu dang ndi la vdi nhiing trubng hgp nhu the, vific quy kit trach nhiem cua eo quan nhk nude cd thfi'm quyin cap gifiy phep lap trubng dubng nhu Ik khdng the' Dieu nky cho thfi'y, rfi't can ed quy dinh eu the ve trach nhiera cua CO quan nhk nudc ed thfi'm quyen, nhat la ciia Bfi Giao due - Dao tao va uy ban nhfin dan cap tinh tiong quan Iy - Mpt van dl khae eung rat dang quan tam la ebn thie'u d c quy dinh phap lufit dilu chinh each thue giai quyd't quyin Ipi cho cac dfii tugng cd lidn quan kMtiudngDHTT hoat dflng khflng Mdu qua Dfi'i vdi doanh ngMep tM dilu dk dup'c quy dinh phap Mat pha san thfing qua thii tue pha san la cflng cu dd' ehii np bao ve quyen Ipi cua minh doanh ngMep bi pha san Ve nguydn tae, trubng DHTT roi vko bnibng hgp ttfin thi dch thue xir ly nhfi't la tie'n hanh giai the' theo phap lufit doanh ngMfip Nhung neu ap dung quy dinh phap Iuat ve giai thd' doanh nghidp cho trudng DHTT thi lai ed nhirng diem chua phii hpp vi khflng dam bao duoc quyin lgi cho nhung chu the cd Hen quan (ngudi hgc, nhk giao, ngubi lao dgng ) Do vfiy, can phfin Met hai trubng hpp: dfl'i vdi trudng DHTT pW lgi nhufin kM hoat dpng khfing hifiu qua thi cd thi ap dung biOn phap giai thd' nhung phai gkn trach nhiOm ca nhfin cua ngubi dung diu vdi trach nhifim cua bg may quan ly trudng; dfl'i vdi trudng DHTT vi loi nhufin, nhk nudc cin xac dinh ro co che phap ly cho loai hinh theo hudng; ne'u thtra nhfin mdt trubng DHTT ed raue tidu vi loi nhukn la loai Mnh doanh nghiOp dng ty cfl' phan thi trudng dd se ganh chiu nhirng hku qua phap ly nhu trach nhiem eua mdt doanh nghipp trubng hpp bi tuydn bo pha san - Trong trubng hgp trudng dai hgc dan lap chuyen dfi'i sang md hinh trudng DHTT thi mdt si quy dinh phap lukt Hen quan dfi'n viOc quan ly tai san d a trubng dai hpe dfin Ifip Men mku thufin, gay khd khfin cho coquan quan ly nhk nude ap dung Vi du: doan 2, khoan 6, dieu 29 cua quy chl tfl' chue va hoat dfing trudng DHTT quy dinh tki san ehuyd'n tir trudng dai hpc dfin Ifip sang DHTT duoc xac dinh la tai san chung hpp nhk't khdng phfin ehia se dugc giao cho hdi ding quan tri quan ly vk dieu hknh Tuy nMen, tai doan 3, khoan 6, dieu 29 eiia quy chl lai quy dinh: dai difin phin vfi'n thufic sd hiiu ehung hpp nhfi't khflng phan ehia cua trubng dai hpe dan lap ehuyd'n sang tfip the ngiroi gdp vfin vk thknh vidn co him tnrong dai hpc dkn lap biu De phu hgp vdi quy dinh cua Lufit Giao due dai hgc nam 2012 dieu kidn ton tai song song hai mfi hinh DHTT vi Ipi nhuan va DHTT khdng vi Igi nhukn thi cd hm hudng giai quye't tiudng hgp nay: Thii nhdt, ne'u trudng dai hgc dan lap chuye'n sang rad Mnh DHTT vi lgi nhukn thi giao han cho hpi dong quan tri - dai didn tap the ngubi gdp vd'n va vien CO Hun trubng DHTT - quan ly, dieu hanh va cMu trach nMdm Vi neu khdng nhuvay tM tien thuc td, vide quan Iy nguon vdn lai thufle ve ehu dfiu tu, la ngudi cd nMeu quyen han nha't, cd kha nang cM phdi theo hudng chu quan cd lgi eho hg Thu hai, nd'u trudng dai hgc dan Ikp ehuyd'n sang mfi Mnh DHTT khdng vi Ipi nhufin thi giao eho dai didn tap the ngubi gdp vfi'n vk thknh vidn co hiru trubng dai hpc dkn lap hokc cua d c to chiie xa hpi hay hfii dong trubng quan Iy vk giam sat vific su dung nguIn vd'n dd Dong thM, d n bfi' sung cac quy dinh vl vi tri va thue quyen nhfi't dinh cua chu the nky Nen chang, can quy dinh rkng, chu thi dai difin quan Iy nguon vd'n Ik tai san khfing phan chia Ik ed dfing ed quyen bifi'u quye't, dupe eo cau vao thknh vifin hgi ding quan tri nha trubng de hg cd the' thani gia vko hoat dgng quan ly, giai quyd't cac vfi'n dl quan trpng cua trubng DHTT 91 ... va phat trifi''n cua cac trudng DHTT thM gian qua khdng chi dap ling nhu elu hoc tap ckng tang cua nhfin dfin mk tao ndn rapt mfl hinh quan Iy giao due mdi: nkng dflng va mlm deo, phii hop vdi... nhufin vi bg may quan ly trudng DHTT phi lgi nhufin phai to''n tai hdi dfl''ng trudng nhu d c trudng dai hgc cdng Ifip Hdi ding trudng la tap the, ca nhan dai didn cho nguIn vfln khdng phfin chia cua... due Tuy nhien tren thuc thd, da phin cac trudng chay theo loi nhukn, quan tam viec tuyen sinh cang nhilu cang tfi''t dl tang nguon thu, cae yeu elu ve dieu Men eo sd vfit chfit vk dfii ngu giang