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J • NGHIEN CUU IRAQ 001 THUC TRANG VA BIEN PHAP TO CHlJfC HOAT DONG NHAN THlIC DE CUNG CO BAI HOC CHO HOC SINH TRONG DAY HOC LICH SI) VIET NAM GIAI DOAN 1945 1975 0 TRUONG THPT N G U Y I N TH! NHU TRA[.]
J • NGHIEN CUU IRAQ 001 THUC TRANG VA BIEN PHAP TO CHlJfC HOAT DONG NHAN THlIC DE CUNG CO BAI HOC CHO HOC SINH TRONG DAY HOC LICH SI) VIET NAM GIAI DOAN 1945-1975 TRUONG THPT N G U Y I N TH! NHU TRANG Trdi/ng Trung HQC Pho thdng My Qui D di mdi phiTdng phap day hpc Ijch sijf d tru"dng phd thong la yeu cau ca'p thiet nham phat huy tinh tich ci/c, chii dgng cua hgc sinh hgc tap, giai quyet van de nang cao hpc sinh dat du'dc chuan kie'n thu'c va kT nang, d6ng th5i dat difpc muc tidu giao due de ra, hieu qua day hgc bp mon Lam khoang thcJi gian cho phep, phai dam dap u'ng du'dc nhO'ng yeu cau toi thieu theo quy dinh cua chUdng trinh Tie'n hanh bai hpc lich SIJT d trUdng phd thong co nhieu khau: kiem tra bai cQ,d5ndat sang bai mdi, giang bai mdi, cungco Hien d c a c tn/dng trung hgc thong chii vao viec hoan thien bai giang, chUa chii y de'n phat huy npi ILTC ngudi hoc Do hpc sinh tie'p thu kie'n thUc mgt chieu thu dpng, it tU duy, chUa khdi sSu nguon nhan thUc tuduy tich cUc Thi/c trang to chifc hoat dpng nhan thu'c d^' cung cd' bai hpc d^y hgc Ijch sit Vi^t Nam (1945-1975) d trifdng trung hoc phd' thdng GV danh gia rat cao ve vai tro va tac dung cua khau ciing co'cho HS Bang kinh nghiem va thUc tien, hg deu khSng djnh ring chinh viec td chUc hoat dgng cung co giiip cho HS hieu sau bai hoc, md rong kie'n thUc, ghi nhd vffng chac va nhd vay co the van dung tri thUc da hpc vao giai quye't cac nhiem vu hgc tap va thUc tidn Cd 9,3% GV td chUc boat dpng cung cd' bai hgc cho hgc sinh d mUc dp "rat tliudng xuyen" va "thudng xuyen" chu yeu bang hinh thUc kiem tra bai cii Cdn lai la "tlunh thodng" chiem 6,7%, khdng cd GV nao chpn mffc "Ichong IHIO gicf" Mac du, phan ldn GV deu nhan thi?c dUdc tam quan trgng cua khau ciing co' nhUng mUc dd tie'n hanh hau het van cdn d mUc dd "iht'nh thodng"Vi vay, hdi ve tinh hinh td chUc hoat dgng cung cd' bai hgc cho HS day hoc lich su* da so cac thay (cd) cho rang viec thUc hien khau cung cd' cdn qua loa chie'u le, chi dat chi tieu d cot kiem tra mieng ma thdi {chiem 83.3%) Cd 77,1% HS khang dinh viec ciing cola ra't quan trgng nhUng hdi ve bien phap cung cd'thi phan ldn cac em cho biet la viec cung cd chi dUdc thUc hien kiem tra bai cu d dau gid va cd GV du gid Dieu da cho thay, khau ciing cd' bai hpc (bai cung cap kien thffc mdi) cho HS cdn md nhat, mang tinh doi phd chUa thUc sU tU giac viec id chffc hoat dpng cung cd biii hpc cho HS Tilling im KHOA HOC i CONG NGHE ( NGHIEN CUU IRAQ fiOf • NGHIEN CUU IRAU t)Ui Dieu dang quan tam la GV thffa nhan la chi ciing cd'khi cd giao vien dff gid va thinh thodng, trfr kiem tra b^i cu liic dau gid hpc cdn lai la b.M qua dai day khdng kip gid nen khdng cd thdi gian ciing cd Tit thUc trang tren tdi rut mpi sd' nguyen nhan chii quan va khach quan sau: * Nguyen nlidn chu t/uan: + Do yeu to' khach quan ddi sdng chi phdi, mot sd' GV chUa dau tU nhieu ve chuyen mdn dam nhan giang day d trUdng THPT - nhii trUdng ddi hdi cd tinh dac thu ddi hdi cd tinh than, thai tam huye't cua GV + HS chUa cd ddng cd, hffng thii hgc tap Hien tffdng hpc doi phd cdn phd bien dan den kha nSng thu nhan kien thffc thie'u ben vffng sinh de quen vii thie'u can ban + Do dac trUng HS d vung ndng thdn vCfa thie'u dieu kien vat chfi'l vffa phu giiip gia dinh nen it cd thdi gian dau tff * Nguyen nlidn lilidch quan: + Do ddi sdng GV cdn g3p nhieu khd khan nen hp chffa tam huyet vdi ngh6 + Cd sd vat cha't hien tai d trUdng vung ndng thdn nen chffa dap ffng dffdc yeu cau ddi mdi phUdng phap giang day va Id chffc hoat ddng ciing co cho HS + Chffa dffdc sU quan tam dong bp cua cac lffc lUdng nha trUdng + PhUdng tien ky thuat phuc vu cho hoat ddng ciing cd' kie'n thu'c cho HS cho diing dac tnftig bo mdn han che' + Do HS nong thdn nha xa trUdng nen cha me it quan tam de'n viec hoc tap ciia cm minh tham chi cd nhieu trUdng hdp budng long, giao khoan cho nha trUdng Do nhan thffc cua gia dinh HS cdn han che; cd tutudng chd vao nha trUdng nen viec phd'i hdp giffa gia dinh HS vdi nha trudng viec nang cao chat lUdng hpc tap chUa dat ke't qua td't so vdi muc tieu giao due de Bi$n phap td chiJc ho^t dgng nh0n thiiTc de cung cd' bai hpc day hoc Ijch si^ Viet Nam (1945-1975) d trrfcftig trung hpc phd' thdng Cd nhieu dUdng, bien phap khac de td chffc hoat dpng nhan thffc cho hpc sinh day hpc lich su" dac biet la khau ciing cd he thd'ng hda, khai quat hda kie'n thffc da hpc thi viec siJ dung nhieu bien phap khac nhau, cu the la: Thrf nhat, id chffc hoat ddng nhan thffc de ciing cd' bai hpc bSng hinh thffc cau hdi, bai tap Vi du: "Lap fxing so sdnh nhtfng diem giong vd Uidc nimu gida liai cluen lifr/c "Chien tranh cue ho (1965 - I96H)" vd "Viet Nam Iwd ciiien trunk (1969 - 1973}" ciia MT r'f mien Nam Viet Nam Khi dgy Ixii 22 Lich si'f idp 12 Chien Iffdc chien tranh Gio'ng Khac Chien tranh cue bp (1965- 1968) Viet Nam hoa chien tranh (1969- 1973) nun mil LUU inau D O I - N G H I E N CUU IRAQ BOI ThiJ hai, ffng dung cdng ngh& thdng tin vao viec ciing co bai de kich thich, tri va phat trien hffng ihii hgc tap Lich sff ciia hpc sinh Thrfba, td chffc hoat ddng nhan thffc de cung co' bai hgc bang hinh thffc su" dung dung trffc quan quy Udc, tieu bieu lii cung co' bang ban dd giao khoa ke't hdp vdi neu cau hdi biii tap ljch sff Vi du: Bai 21: Xay dUng chii nghta xa hdi d mien Bdc dau tranh chd'ng de'qud'c My va chinh quyen Sai Gdn d mien Nam (19541965) GV day muc III, IV.GV ciing cd' vao cud'i tiet bang each sff dung lUdc dd phong trao "Dong khdi" d mien Nam ket hdp cung vdi cau hdi gdi md: Quan sdt Itfc/c dd em tlidy nlidn ddn noi day ddu tien d nlidng nrfi nao ? Sau dd phong LUpc do: Phong tr^o "Dong khdi" d mien Nam Irdo phdt trien nhtf the ndo? Mat Iran Ddn toe gidi plwng mien Nam Viet Nam ddi d ddu ? Quan \dl lifr/c do, em co nhdn xet gi ve phong trdo "Dong kiidi"? ThiJ tl/, td chffc hoat ddng nhan thffc de ciing cd' biii hgc bang hinh thffc trd chdi ljch su' Vi du: GV chuan hi mdt sd'bffc anh ve cac nhan viit LSVN va mpt s6'tranh lien quan de'n cac sff kien LS giai doan 1945 - 1975 da dUdc trinh bay SGK LS Idp 12 yeu cdu HS xac dinh ten ciia nhan vSt, t6n cac sU kien anh HS toan Idp quan sat va ghi ket qua len bang cd nhan, thdi gian 30 giay GV yeu cau toan Idp gid dap an ciia minh Tom lai, de to chffc hoat dpng nhan thffc cung cd' bai hgc cho hoe sinh day hgc lich sijf dan tdc (1945-1975) cd hieu qua ddi hdi phai cd sU chuan bi trUde chu dao ciia cd giao vien va hpc sinh Trong tie'n trinh day hgc, day la khau cd tam quan trong viec danh gia hidu qua bai hgc, giiip hoc sinh cung cd' kie'n thffc hieu qua, gdp phan quan trpng vao qua trinh ddi mdi phUdng phdp day hgc bd mon Vl day hoe thi khdng cd phUdng phap nao la van n^ing Trong giai doan hien thien chffc ngffdi thay gido day sff can cd tam va cd tam.Vi vd'n sff hgc la "dn ed' tri tan"./ ... hgc cho hoe sinh day hgc lich sijf dan tdc (1945- 1975) cd hieu qua ddi hdi phai cd sU chuan bi trUde chu dao ciia cd giao vien va hpc sinh Trong tie''n trinh day hgc, day la khau cd tam quan trong. .. cung cd'' bai hpc day hoc Ijch si^ Viet Nam (1945- 1975) d trrfcftig trung hpc phd'' thdng Cd nhieu dUdng, bien phap khac de td chffc hoat dpng nhan thffc cho hpc sinh day hpc lich su" dac biet la khau... vd "Viet Nam Iwd ciiien trunk (1969 - 1973}" ciia MT r''f mien Nam Viet Nam Khi dgy Ixii 22 Lich si''f idp 12 Chien Iffdc chien tranh Gio''ng Khac Chien tranh cue bp (1965- 1968) Viet Nam hoa chien