HtlG DUHG PHIIilNe PllllP DAY HOC TII0N6 QDA GtAO Tllp tm iM tliNG CAO CHlT ilfUNG DAY VA HOG MON NGOAI NGO Q e A O THj THU H A N G NGUYEN QUYNH TRANG'''' 1 Qud Irinh md ci>o, hdl nhdP vd gioo tuu qudc I[.]
HtlG DUHG PHIIilNe PllllP DAY HOC TII0N6 QDA GtAO Tllp tmiM tliNG CAO CHlT ilfUNG DAY VA HOG MON NGOAI NGO Q e A O THj THU H A N G - NGUYEN QUYNH TRANG' Qud Irinh md ci>o, hdl nhdP vd gioo tuu qudc Id ddi hdl ngudI phdi cd lihd ndng giao t t ^ bdng mdl ngdn ngi} qudc id, vl vdy sd ngudi theo hpc cdc mdn ngopi ngQ ndl chung vd hdrtg Anh (ngdn ngO ihdng dyng hdn ihd gidl) ngdy mdl nhldu O nude ta, Tl^ig Anh dupe dua vdo ndl dung dpv hpe d idt ed ede cdp, l^dc hpc, bdng nhldu hlnh muc vd phuong phdp khdc nhou Hidu qud Clio vigc dqy • hpc phdn nhldu phy thudc vdo phucmg phdp dpy hpc (PPDH), phuong tidn dqy hqc, co sd vQI ehd't, vd d^c Digl td mdl trudng dqy hpe gldng vidn (GV) tqo Mdt mdi trudng hpc ldp thudn tpl, thodl mdi sg khfch Id sinh vidn (SV) Irao ddl thdng ihdn vdi G V vd ede vd'n dd lldn quan ddn t)di gidng, giOp SV chO ddng hon Irong hpe ldp vd tidp Ihu kidn Ihuc Vi^c dpy vd hpc tidng Anh ngdy noy glup hlnh thdnh vd phdt tridn cdc kr ndng gioo tidp cOa ngudi hpc Id mdl vd'n dd quon trpng Tuy nhldn, h'ong mdl ihdl gion ddi, vigc dqy lldng Anh bj dnh hudng rdt Idn h> PPDH Iruydn ihdng; chu ydu nhdn mpnh vdo khd ndng thdnh ihpo cdu h-uc hon Id cdch ihd hidn ngdn ngCr Cd G V vd SV ddu chi3 trqng ddn vide hpc ede ihdnh phdn, edu trOc ngd phdp Trong cde lldt hpc, G V bd nhidu ihdl glan ydu cdu SV dfch ho^c phdn Ifch cdc thdnh phdn ngff phdp h-ong cdu; SV tdng nghe thy ddng, khdng cd co hdl iham gio hode ft tham gia vdo cdc hopt ddng trdn tdp V l v$y, kdl qud ldl ydu cOo vige dqy hpe ndy td SV rdl ihdnh thqo vd ed'u IrOe cdu nhung khdng cd khd ndng gioo Hdp ngdn ngu d tinh hudng ihi/e; SV khdng hidu vd khdng thd dung ngd digu lidng Anh de diSn dpt cdc sdc thdi tinh edm khde nhou Trong dd, vide dpy - hpc Hdng Anh Irgn ihd gidi dd h>ng budc chuydn h> phuong phdp dpy huydn ihdng sang phuong phdp dpy gioo lidp Didu ndy don ddn s(/ thay ddi vd PPDH hdng Anh d chdu A ndi ehung vd Vidl ^o^ ndi ridng bdi ch6ng ta ch|u dnh hudng rdl Idn vd PPDH ngoql ngO cOa ede ndn vdn hod phuong Tdy, Eidn cpnh dd, cdc chinh sdch phdt tridn ngudn nhdn ti/c cOa nhd nude la cOng chO trpng ddn vide hlnh Ihdnh vd phdt hidn ngudi too d^ng tfnh cho ddng, sdr>g Kio, khd ndng glao tidp h-ong qud Irinh hdl nhdp Do nhu cdu Idn vd gioo tidp, ndn vide dqy hpe tl^g Anh dfl ihay doi oa bdn h> nhdn mpnh ngQ phdp song nhdn nr>pnh vd khd ndng glao Ndp vd hoo ddl thdng hn Dudng hudng glap tidp hidn td PP[^ hdng qua glao hip (CommunicoHve language Teaching - CLT) Theo Larsen - Freeman, mdl Irong nhOng ddc didm rd rdng nhdt cOa CLT Id «/)du hil cde vl^ dugc Idm Id dugc Idm vdi mvc dich glao tliff Hopt ddng mong Hnh gioo tidp cd ba dqng: didn thdng tin thidu, lya chpn vd dua ihdng tin phdn hdi Didn thdngtinihidu Id mdl ngudi h-oo ddi ihdng tin vdl ngudi khdng cd thdngtindd Trong glao Hdp, ngudi ndl cd quydn ^ chpn nhQng gl cdn ndl vd ndl nhu ihd ndo Tuy nhidn, ndu hoqt ddng ndy bj kidm sodt chdt chd, chl dupe ndi theo nr>dl edeh djnh sdn (ngudi ndl Mtdng ed sgr li/a chpn), ihl klidng thd gpl td gioo tidp Hon nOa, giao tidp Id ntdt hoql ddng cd myc dfch, ngudi ndl ed thd ddnh gid myc dfch cOa hp cd dqi dupe hay khdng di/a vdo thdng Hn nhdn tql h> ph(a ngudi ngh« Ndu ngudi nghe khdng cd co hdl phdn hdl thdng Hn cho ngudi ndl, troo ddl d ddy khdng ihi/c sy td gioo tidp Ddt cdu hdi ihdng qua bdi tdp xdy di/ng cdu Id k>pi bdl ldp khd phd bidn, nhung khdng phdi Id glao Hdp ihi/c sy, bdi ngudi ndl khdng nhdn dupe cdu hd tdl h> phfo ngudi nghe, vl vdy ngudi ndl sS khdng bidt cdu hdi cOo hp cd dupe hidu hay khdng CLT Id phuong phdp mong mud'n cung cdp * TnNif TiMf cip Cki sM i k k dll I I Tap chi Siio due so iki i - t/«oi| cho ngudi hpc eo hdl nhdm ddp Qng nhu cdu glao tidp xdc thye d cdc Hnh hud'ng ngdn ngQ khde, gdp phdn phdt tridn djnh hudng cho vide hidu ngdn ngQ dupe sQ dyng trdn thye td nhu ngudi bdn ngQ COng dd, ede hoqt ddng dqy iheo phucmg phdp gioo tidp phdi dupe thyc hign trdn cde nhdm SV nhd SV cd mong mud'n hiong Ide vdl ihdng qua Idm vide iheo cdp hoy theo nhdm CLT Ong hd sy troo ddl glQo cdc nhdm nhd SV nhdm td'l hod thdi gion mSl SV cd Ihd h-ao ddl vd hidu nghTo VI vdy, GV cSn tyo chpn ede hoqt ddng dqy hpe phO hpp vdl khd ndng eOa SV h-ong vide su dyng ngdn ngQ thyc mdl cdch cd nghta nhd't, khdng don thudn Id luygn tdp cdc ed'u IrOe ngdn ngQ mdl cdch mdy mdc Id don ed cdc thdng Hn b| thidu md nhdm kio ed Hq phdi troo ddl dd didn dupe ede thdng tin b| thidu Ddng vol: SV hong Idp dupe chlo cdp hode chia nhdm vd ngu ednh dd ddng vol Vol h'd rdt da dqng (ngudi bdn hdng, ednh sdt, b>de $T ) vd nhldu hqng thdi khde nhou (nhu: vul, budn, ngqc nhidn hay hk gidn ) Tinh hudng thudng phdl thyc vdl cude sdng cho ndn ngdn ngQ cOng phdl xdc thye Cudi cOng, SV sd dupe nhdn phdn hdl vd vigc hq gioo Hdp cd hidu qud hoy khdng Gidl quyit linh huing Gidi quydt Hnh hudng hoqt ddng rdt Hch eye h-ong CLT vl nd ed dO bo ddc didm: didn ihdng tin, lya chpn vd phdn hdi Cde bdl ldp gidi quydl Hnh hudng ed ihd dupe cdu hue soo cho SV cd thd chlo sd ihdng tin vd Mdl ddc didm nOo cOa CLT td «ngudi bgc Id Idm vigc vdi nhdm dua ro cdch gidi quydl Irvn^fdm'vd quon didm «dvo vdo kinh n^i^' Trong hoql ddng ndy, SV dupe chlo ihdnh Cdc hopI ddng hpc cy ihd md ngudi hpc ihyc nhdm 3-4 ngudi, dupe gioo eho mdt ttnh hudng hign trgn tdp, kT thudt dpv, vol hd cOa ngudi dqy, Cd nhdm sg thdo ludn vdl nhou Hm ro cdch gidl ngudi hpc, tdi tigu dqy hpc dupe ihd hign hong quydt vdn dd, sou dd chqn mdt ngudi dqi dign ndn hinh dpy vd hpc phdn dnh quon didm eOa dd hidng thudI hvdc Idp ngudi hpc vd bdn chdl cOa vigc dpy vd hpe Vi Thdo ludr^: Thdo tudn eung rdt higu qud hong vdy, cdn xdc djnh vol Ird eOa ngudi dqy, ngudi CLT, glup SV thyc hdnh vigc thod thudn vd nghTo hoc.vd vai hd cOa ldl tigu gldng dpy hrong tidn vd tqo cho SV co hdi dd diln dqt t^dng ngdn ngQ irinh dqy vd hpc xem ndn ddl mdi theo hudng dfch Mdl nhdm h> 5-10 SV cd thd thdo ludn vdt ndo Mdi ngudi hpc cd cdc sd thfch khde nhau, vd mdt vdn dd cd nhdm eOng quan ldm, ygu phong cdch, nhu cdu, myc dfch khdc nhou, ngn thich vd sou dd chqn dpi dign bdo cdo trude \6p GV F^i tim tdl tigu dya vdo nhu edu vd didu vd nhQng gt hp dd thdo ludn kidn cy ihd cOo h>ng k^ hoc cy ihd SV phdl thdy Cde Ird choi, hoqt ddng hong CLT rdl da dqng ihodi mdi, khdng to sg hong mdt Idp hoc dp dyng vd higu qud Tujr iheo ldp hpc, ddl hipng, sy quan CLT; GV ngn trdnh vide st) dyng phuong phdp tdm cOa h>ng ldp, hiy theo kh^g glan, ihdl glan «GV Jld frung 1dm, Id ngudi cd quyin nhit thfch hpp md GV chpn Ird chol hoy hoqt ddng ldp hgc' phu hpp dd vigc dp dyng CLT nhdm dpi kdt qud Mdt sd nhd nghldn cOu cho rdng, dpy ngu ldl nhdt phdp ihdng qua cde phucmg tidn glao Hdp cOng l6 m$l cdch hay nhdm fruydn Idi ngdn ngu Cd Trong thyc td, chung ta khdng thd dp dyng nhidu hoql ddng gioo tidp dd dqy ndi hong kSp mdt phucmg phdp cy thd cOng nhdc eho tdt cd hqc, chdng hqn: xdp cdu, h-d choi, gidi quydt cdc ddi tupng, md phdi phy thudc vdo hlnh dd tinh hudng nhdn thuc, ndng khidu, sd thfch, nidm say mg vdl Xip edu: SV dupe gioo mdl doqn vdn/mdt mdn hpe md ngudi dpy vd ngudi hpc lya chpn doqn hdi ihoqi md thu ly cCa dt\ur\g dd bj ddo cho mtnh phuong phdp rigng dd hqc tdp vd gldng Ooqn vdn/doqn hdl ihopi ndy cd ihd SV chua dpy nhdm ihu kil kdt qud coo nhdt Q gap boo gid, SVfraoddi dd sdp xdp ehiing theo trcH ty ban ddu Trd ehol ndy dqy SV h'nh mqch Tgi lifu tham khio Igc vd h'nh lidn kdl logic cOa ngdn ngu Larsen - D Freeman Techniques and Principles Diin hdng tin edn hliu: SV dupe chia thdnh on Language Teaching Oxford University Press hai hoy nhldu nhdm khdc nhou, mSi nhdm dupe 1986 (Xem tiip hrang 55) gioo cho mdt doqn vdn, mdl bOe tronh hay mdl Tgp chi Glao due s6 (M a • a/aoia) VD; Xdy di/ng Ijdn d d KN vd mdl quan hg giua A D N , A R N v d Prolein sou HS dupe nghign cuu cdc npl dung; «G6n, ma dl truydn vd qu6 hinh nhdn ddi A D N " , «Phien md vd djch m d " , «Nhilm sdc thd" {hinh 3) Bdn dd KN khong chi giup HS xdc djnh dupe cdc mdi lign hd glOa cde K N , md cdn giup cdc em dd ddng Idl hidn cde thdng tin mdt cdch logic, rfen luydn vd phdt tridn kf ndng thu thdp vd x u l( thong tin CiJng mdt sd' lupng KN xdc djnh, HS ed i h l xdy di/ng dupe cdc bdn dd KN khdc Tuy nhign, cdc KN hong mdt bdn dd K N , phdi dupe sdp xdp soo cho d^p vd dS si> d y n g GV cung ed thd chpn mdt hode mdt nhdm HS trinh bdy hvdc Idp d d cdc bpn gdp y hodn thign HS phdl dlen gidi bdng Idi tf sdp xdp Ndu HS cdn lung King, GV ydu edu phdt bidu K N , h> d6 glup cde em ndm vChig k>dn chd'l cOo K N Trong chucmg hlnh Sinh hpc phd thdng, kidn ihi>c Sinn hpe ndi chung vd cdc KN sinh hpc ndi ilgng dupe hlnh bdy theo mdt logic phdl hidn ddng tdm Vi vdy, ntiigm vy cuo G V Id phdi chu ddng nghign euu hg thd'ng n$i dung kidn ihuc vd hd thdng cdc K N , h> d d li/a chpn su dyng cde bien phdp cung c d phu hpp Ddy Id mpl nhOng ydu td lpo didu kidn cho vigc Keh eye hdo hogt ddng nhdn ihuc cuo HS Mdt khde, hong qud trinh cung ed vd phdt tridn K N , GV edn vdn tmg dung phinmg phap day hoc dyng llnh hoqt cdc bi^n phdp ngu hgn nhdm giup HS dpt dupe cdc ygu cdu sou: - Ndm vung ede dd'u hi^u bdn chd't cua K N , tuc Id ndm vung ndi hdm ci5a KN d d ; - Cd khd ndng nhdn dqng KN (Xde dinh dupe ddi h/png ndo dd cd thudc mdt KN cy thd hay khdng) vd c6 khd ndng thd hidn KN (cd thd Iqo dol tupng thudc phqm vl mdt KN cho trudc); - Phdt bidu rd rdng, ehfnh xdc d|nh nghlo cuo K N ; - Xdc djnh dupe vj hf, vol hd, y nghla cOo KN vira tTnh hdi mdt hg thdng cde KN d d cd; - Cd thd vdn dyng KN hong nhOng tinh hudng cy thd (hong hpc tdp vd i/ng dyng vdo thyc tiin) • TAi li^u tham khdo i Dinh Quang 6&o - NguySn Due Thdnh Lf lufin d^y hpc Sinh hpc (Phin d^i cucmg) NXB Gido dftc, H.i998 Nguyin Thdnh D^t (tdng chu bifin) Sinh hpc ]2 NXB GMod(*c.H.20iO SUMMARY Concept system is conskiered a base of knowledge tor every field of science Therefore, In teaching, helping learners come to grips with concept system plays a crucial role This paper Introduces some methods for revleviring and developing concepts In t^olog In the direction of promoting actlveness In Interlectual aclvltles of learners: - Through exercises: - Through graphs and questions; - Through concept maps Van dung hoat dong glal (Tiip heo trang 57) (Tiip heo trang 43) Lscsen - D Freeman L a n g u a e and Development In J Shaw (ed), Partnership and Interaction Bangkok: Asian Institute of Technology 2000 M Finochiaro - C Brumfit The Functionalnotional Approach: From Theory to Practice Oxford: Oxford University Press 1983 J C Richards - T S Rodgers Approaches and Methods in L a n g u a g e T e a c h i n g Cambridge University Press 1986 coo hieu qud dqy hoc todn d phd thdng ndi chung SUMMARY In the process of opening and International Integration, the ability to communicate by International language is Increasingly Important and necessary The teaching and learning English In our country Is growing, but still not achieve the quality cleared Many teachers have not found a suitable teaching methods for students Teaching methods through communication will Improve the quality of language teaching and learning for students fapchi Blao due so (ki a • a/aoia) vd tidu hpe ndi rigng • (1) Le van Ti^n Phinmg phdp d^y bQC mAn Todn & trir^ng phd thdng NXB Dgi hgc qud'c gia TP Hd Chl Minh, 2005 lid li^u tham khio D6 Dinh Hoan (chu bifin) To6n NXB Gido d{ic, H 2006 SUMMARY Nowadays, people pay attention to modem pedagogical perspective on teaching mattiematics • Focus on mathematics teaching based on activities of the students They build their own mathematical knowledge tiiroughactivtties of solving the prc^ems This paper represents kieas through actMtles ofsoMng the problems for topics 'fractions' In primary school # ... but still not achieve the quality cleared Many teachers have not found a suitable teaching methods for students Teaching methods through communication will Improve the quality of language teaching... SV cd thd thdo ludn vdt ndo Mdi ngudi hpc cd cdc sd thfch khde nhau, vd mdt vdn dd cd nhdm eOng quan ldm, ygu phong cdch, nhu cdu, myc dfch khdc nhou, ngn thich vd sou dd chqn dpi dign bdo cdo... dqng ihodi mdi, khdng to sg hong mdt Idp hoc dp dyng vd higu qud Tujr iheo ldp hpc, ddl hipng, sy quan CLT; GV ngn trdnh vide st) dyng phuong phdp tdm cOa h>ng ldp, hiy theo kh^g glan, ihdl glan