^K 3^ ''''5 TAP CHi KHOA HOC S(5 3 (26) 2012 iTNG DUNG PHU''''ONG PHAP NGHlfcN CUH HANH DONG (ACTION RESEARCH) VAO HO;\T DQNG DAY HOC NHAM NANG CAO CHAT LU''''ONG GIANG DAY MON TitNG ANH Duang Due Minb'''' TOM TA[.]
^K 3^ '5 TAP CHi KHOA HOC S(5 (26) 2012 iTNG DUNG PHU'ONG PHAP NGHlfcN CUH HANH DONG (ACTION RESEARCH) VAO HO;\T DQNG DAY HOC NHAM NANG CAO CHAT LU'ONG GIANG DAY MON TitNG ANH Duang Due Minb' TOM TAT Nghiin cini hdnh dgng Id qud trinh ngbien euu tu tbdm dinh duxrc gido vien din hdnh de ndng cao tinh bap lyvd chinh ddng cda nhung phuang phdp hay tinh hudng.su phgm md minb gap phdi hogt ddng gidng day eua minh Bdi viit ndy si cung cdp mat cdi nhin ddy du, todn dien vi phuang phdp nghiin ciru hdnh dgng cdc bu&c di tien hdnh mgt Nghiin cdu hdnh dgng tnmg gido due Bin cgnh do, bdi viet cijng niu mdt vdi gidy eu the giup gido viin, dgc biet Id gido viin ngoai ngir, co thi thirc hdnh nghien cuu hdnh dgng nhdm ndng cao bieu qud gidng dgy cua minli, gdp phdn ndng cao cbdt luang gidng dgy ngogi ngir, ddp dng doi hdi ngdy cdng cao cua xa hgi ABSTRACT Action re.e oveiview to action research method, the detailed steps to conduct an action research in education In addition, the article also mentioned some specific suggestions to help teachers, especially foreign language teachers, practice doing action research to improve their leaching effectiveness, contributing to iinpiv^ ing the quality of teaching foreign languages to meet the increasing demands of society DvjtT VAN DE Nhu chiing ta da biet muc lieu cua nghien cihi khoa hgc (NCKH) khdng chi la md rdng in ihtrc hay ddng gdp tri thiic cho kho tang tri thuc nhan ioai ma ddi NCKH cdn xuat phat tir mong mudn giai quyet mpt van de thyc lien Xuat phat lir thyc te dd, khoa hgc giao dye cd mgt loai hinh nghien ciiu dugc ggi la "nghien Cliu hanh dgng" (action research) Day la logi hinh nghien curu ciia nhiing ngudi thyc hanh (practitioners) (Burns, 2010) Trong hoal ddng giang day cua minh, dc giai quyet mdt van de thuc ticn cy ihl, giao vien can phai hdi nrong danh gia va cai ihicn gid giang cua minh va Nghien ciiu 'Da\ hgc Ky ihval Cong nghifp Thdi Nguyen hanh dpng (NCHD) la phuong phap giiip hp dat dugc dieu dd Do dd, ddi vdi giao vien, khai niem NCKH khdng xa vdi nhu cac nghien ciiu phdng thi nghiem, nhung cdng trinh, du an ldn ma gan gui mat thiet vdi ddi sdng ciia hg va cd iing dung tiic thi Nghien ciiu hanh dpng da dugc ling dung va phat trien d cac nudc phucmg Tay ni dau thap ky 70 ciia thi ky XX, nd cung dugc coi la mdt ngi dung khong the thieu cac chuang trinh dao lao va phat tnen chuyen mdn cho giao vien cung nhu no dugc coi la I ky nang khdng the thieu ddi vdi giao vien de phai trien va ren luycn nghiep vy (Hien 2009) Su ddi cua CHlNH TR! - GlAO D\JC - XA HQI NCHD xual phat tir su phan iing cua nhirng ngudi thyc hanh doi vdi cac nghien ciiu ly thuyet Theo hg cac nghien ciiu Iy thuyet khdng giup ich nhicu cho vi6c giai quyet cac van dc thyc liln vi khoang each tir ly thuyet din thuc tien kha la xa vdi Ion nira ddi vdi cac nganh khoa hgc \a hdi va nhan van, dac bici la vdi nganh giang day ngdn ngii kill ma ddi tugng nghien ciiu la ngudi vdi hanh vi, cam xiic, va tu tudng tri tue rit phixc lap va tri thirc san sinh tir nhirng nghien ciiu ve ngudi thudng da dang va khd phd quat (Tuan, 2009) Nhu vay, khac vdi cac nghien ciiu cd muc dich ddng gop vc mat K' thuyet NCHD nghieng ve iing dung cho cac trudng hgp cu the va nhiing kel qua nghien cuu cu thi ay khdng cd nhieu tinh phd quat vi moi ldp hgc cd dac diem khac nhau, do ddi hdi cac phuang phap giai quylt van de khac rat khd phd quat Noi chung phd quat tri tlurc ciing khdng phai la muc tieu ma NCHD hudng den L NGHIEN c u l l HANH DONG LAGi? Co rat nhieu dinh nghta ve NCHD dugc cac hoc gia iTnh vyc nghien Cliu va giang dgy ngdn ngir dua Elliot (1991 trang 69) dinh nghta NCHD "la mpt phuang phap nghien ciiu cac tinh hudng Idp hgc de nang cao chat lugng hogt dpng day hgc" Van IJer (1996, trang 21) thi cho ring "dd la mdt nghien ciiu tren pham vi nhd de giai quyel mdt van dc thyc ti^n" Trong dd, O'Brien (2001) lgi cho ring NCHD "chi don gian la hoat dpng nghien ciiu dugc ticn hanh ciing liic vdi hoat dpng giang dgy" Hay Dick (2002) ngan ggn han chi ring NCHD la ••qua uinh \'ua giang day vira nghien ciiu (teaming by doing) Mdt each diy du hon Carr & Kemmis (1986, trang 220) djnh nghia NCHD "la qua trinh nghien ciru lu thdm dinh (self-reflective inquiry) dugc tien hanh bdi giao vien de nang cao tinh hgp ly va chinh dang ciia nhirng phuong phap hay tinh hudng su pham ma minh gap phai hogt ddng giang day ciia minh." Qua mdt vai dinh nghTa tren chting ta cd ihl thiy NCHD dugc tiln hanh dl; • Cai Ihi^n boat ddng giang day; • Nang cao lam hicu biet ve boat dgng giang day; " Cai thien cac tinh hudng giao dye qua trinh giang day CAC BLCfC THU'C HIEN NGHIEN CUtJ HANH DONG Tlieo Kemmis and McTaggari (1988) lien trinh NCHD dugc thyc hien theo chu trinh vdng trdn tuan hoan gdm budc vdng Iron thir nhat cd the dugc lap di lap lai theo hinh xoan dc cho den giao vien da dat dugc muc dich nghien ciiu hoac thoa man dugc yeu cau cua minh da de TAP CHf KHOA HOC SO (26) 2012 Hinh 1: Sff cac budc thyc hicn Nghien cihi hanh dong (phong then Maclsaac, 1995) Tliirc liien ke hoach Susman (1983) gidi thieu md hinh NCHD mgt each cy the ban bang each cu the hua mdi chu trinh (c\ cle) bang budc Dau tien la xac djnh van de, sau dd xac dinh each thu thap du lieu Sau dii lieu dugc thu thap va phan lich cac giai phap giai quyet van de dugc neu Tiep Iheo la qua Irinh danh gia cac giai phap va xem chung CO Ihyc su hiru hieu hay khdng Qua Irinh dugc lap lgi va lit;p tuc cho den van de dirge giai quyel Hinh 2: Mo hinh NGHT) phong eheo Susman (1983) CHANDO-AN Xac itnii) van dO niiliiOn cirn LUACHON IvbTQLA Lya ction yiai phap chunii| cho van dc nghii-n ciiu OANMGIAKfiTOt-A Xac dinh linh hicu qua cua phtKHii! phap nghien cihl dd ihuc hivn I I N K t : HOACH Tllt'CIIIpN Xac dinh phlicrny pliap niihicn ciiii TIENH.ANII NCiHIHN CUU I ira chon phiRni« phdp imhiciii:iiu CHiNH TR! - GIAO DUC - XA HOI Dya tren mo hinh nghien cuu hanh dpng ciia Maclsac (1995) va Susman (1983), Burns (2010) da cu th6 hda cac budc thyc hien nghien ciiu hanh ddng nhu sau: +Budc thir nhdt: Len ke hogch (Plan) • Day la budc xac dinh van de can nghien cuu (nhirng khd khan thyc te giang day ) han che pham vi ciia van de, iim hicu pham vi ctia vhn 6k (Al? dau? Khi nao?); • Tim hieu nhiing nhan id cd the ta nguyen nhan ciia van dc (tim hi4u sinh vien, trao doi vdi giao vicn ); • Xac djnh nhiing giai phap va each thuc hi?n nhirng giai phap dd; • Suy nght ve each Ihu thgp thdng lin dii lieu, chung cd va each phan tich, su ly nhtrng sd lieu nhu the nao; • Suy nghT ve nhirng ket qua ma giao vien cd the dat dugc Mgt vdi ggi y: Chii dc (topic) cac giao vien giang day thudng quan tam: -i Nang cao y thuc ty hgc, tu nghien cuu ciia sinh vicn 83 + Tao mdi tiirdng giao ticp giira cac sinh vien ldp hoc • + Thu nghiem giao trinh mdi, phuang phap giang day mdi -*- Thu nghiem each danh gia sinh vicn mdi •^ Tich hgp cdng nghe mdi vao cac hoat dpng ldp + Giup sinh vien phat trien cac ky nang tu hpc + Bu&c thirl: Thut hiin (Teach/Act) Thyc hicn cac giai phap, nhirng vin dc da neu budc I Burns (2010) de xudt cau hoi ma giao vien thudng nghT d£n budc dd la: "Minh can quan sal cai gi?" va "Minh can tim hieu cai gi?" Trong budc nay, giao vien nen nghf den cac boat dgng giang dgy, cac iliih hudng giang dgy Idp Gjao vien cung cd the thao luan vdi dong nghiep