CGUOBVCNUOCNGOAI H i THdNG NGAN HANG TiN CHJ HOC TAP cdA HAN Qudc CdNG CU HOU Hllu o f THOC DAY HOC TAP SUOT Ddi VA XAY DUNG XA Hdi HOC TAP 1 Khii nif m ngin hing tfn chl hpc tfp Y tudng thdnh Ifp hi[.]
CGUOBVCNUOCNGOAI Hi THdNG NGAN HANG TiN CHJ HOC TAP cdA HAN Qudc - CdNG CU HOU Hllu o f THOC DAY HOC TAP SUOT Ddi VA XAY DUNG XA Hdi HOC TAP Bdl THANH XUAN Ufa naa Ifc Giia dgc nft Nam Khii nif m ngin hing tfn chl hpc tfp Y tudng thdnh Ifp h i thdng ngdn hdng tin chi hpc tfp (Academic Credit Bank System - ACBS) xuit hiln td ndm 1995, Oy ban Cdi cdeh gido dye eda Tdng thdng Hdn Qudc d l xuit nhim dip dng nhu clu hpc tfp ngdy cdng tdng - dfc bift Id cde khda hpc khdng chfnh quy, cdc hinh thde hpc tfp sudt ddi (HTSO) da dfng - cda ngudi ddn ACBS Id mdt hf thdng nhdm xde djnh, edng nhfn kit qud hpc tfp cda ngudi hpe thdng qua vifc phi duyft d c tfn chi hpc tfp (don vj kiln thdc) md ngudi dd tich Idy dupc qud trinh tham gia mft hofc nhilu khda hpc khde nhau, tfl bit kl thdi dilm ndo Oiy Id mdt hf thdng md vd mang tinh cdeh tdn mfnh ml cda gido dye Hdn Qudc, dp dyng cd cho bfc gido dye dfi hpc vd cdc khda hpc khdng ehlnh quy, cdc chuong trinh HTSO ed vd ngodi nhd tmdng Khi ddng kl tham gla hf thdng, ngudi hpc tich lOy dd sd tfn chl d n thilt theo ylu d u cda ACBS si dupe d p lofI bing d p tUong dng (Balk, 2009) Vdi chdc ning vi dd md cda minh, ACBS li mft edng cy linh hoft hifu qui vifc thdc diy IHTSO vi tiln tdi xiy dyng xi hdi hpc tfp (XHHT) cda Hdn Qudc Cich thde xiydphg v i hoft dfng d a hf thdng ngin hing tin chi hpc t i p 2.1 Cdc budc didgt dugc bing dp theo hj thing ngdn hing tin chl hgc tifp Ngudi hpc ddng kl tham gla hf thdng ACBS vd mudn dupe d p mdt lof I vdn bing nhlt djnh si phii trii qua bude tuin ty, gdm: bUde 1: tieh luy sd tfn chi d n thilt (trong hofc ngodi nhd tmdng); budc 2: dupe edng nhf n/ phi duyft d c tin chl dd ed; bude 3: d p bing Thdng thudng, d l dupe elp mdt lof i vin bing ndo dd, ngudi hpe phdi ddp dng dupe ede ylu clu ey thl tuong dng vdi tdng lof I vin bing VI dy: ngUdi hpc mudn cd bing cd nhin phii tkh IQy dd 140 tin chl hofc ban; ddi vdl bing cao ding ndm phii dft 80 tin chl trd lln O l tfch Idy sd tfn chl d n thilt theo ylu clu cda ACBS, ngUdi hpc cd thl ddng kl tham gla vd hodn thdnh d c chuong trinh giio dye ddo tfo tfl nhdng co sd glio dye (CSGD) hofc ngoii nhd tmdng d i dupc ACBS kilm djnh Od ed thl Id S4*nui«caAiDvc cdc khda hpc bdn thdi gian d trudng eao ding, dai hpc tmdng nghi, cde khda hpe ngin hf n/trung hfn dugc dp chdng chl, cdc khda hpe dl thi liy bing cd nhin hofc tuong duong cho nhdng ngudi ty hpc 2.2 Quy trinh klim dinh dc casd glio dgc dgt yiu du da ngdn hing tin cMhgc tip Cic CSGD mudn tham gia ACBS phii dupe kilm djnh theo d e tilu chf eu thl Kilm djnh d ddy Id vifc ddnh gid chfnh thdc cda mdt co quan ed thim quyln ddi vdi d c CSGD v l chuong trtnh, mdn hpc hp cung d p nhim xic f I vin lof I vin bing tuong dng Bit cd ngudi hpc ndo dd cd bing tdt nghifp tmng hpc phd thdng hofc trtnh df bing nhu di nlu trin, sd lUpng vin bing dupe d p tuong duong diu cd thl ndp don ding kf cdng nhfn di ting mdt deh ngof n myc td 34 ndm 1999 lln tdi tfn chl bing deh cung d p diy dd thdng tin ylu ciu 19.696 nam 2008, vd tdng s6 ed hai lof I vdn bing di miu don dinh cho ngUdI hpe vi miu don xin d p d khoing thdi gian 10 nim li 100.699 - Sd lugng cdc CSGD dugc ACBS kiim dinh: lis cdng nhfn tin chl Sau hoin thinh sd tfn chl d n thilt theo ylu sd khilm tdn l i 179 co sd nim 1998,10 nim sau sd clu cda tdng lof I bing d p -140 tin chl cho bing cd lupng di ting gin gip lln (495), vi din 2012 Id nhin, 80 tfn chl cho bing eao ding ndm, vd 120 tin 527 CSGD Theo dd lifu gin diy nhlt cda Vifn NILE, tinh chl cho bing cao ding nim - ngUdi hpe nfp miu don xin d p bing lln Vifn KEDI hole Sd gido dye din nam 2012, da cd 694.133 ngUdI hpc tham gia cdc tinh Cdc don ndy si dupe Oy ban Gidm sdt kilm ACBS, vd 311.468 ngUdi hpc dUpe d p bing (NILE, djnh cda KEDI xem xlt tfnh hpp If, sau dd dupe gdi 2012 - trich din Jo, 2012) - Vi djnh tfnh: Xlt v l mft djnh tfnh, vifc triln tilp lln Bd Gido dye - Khoa hpc Cdng nghf d l phi duyft lln cudi Ngudi hpc ed t h l liy bing td Bd Giio khai hf thing ACBS da tfo nhdng tdc dfng vd dye - Khoa hpc Cdng nghf hofc nhfn trye tilp tfi hifu qud tfch eye ddi vdi ngddi hpe vdi cdc CSGD, vd trudng dfi hpe cao ding Trong trudng hpp liy bing vdl todn xi hdiOil vdl ngudi hgc HI thing ACBS gdp phin tfl tmdng, dng viln phii dip dng nhdng ylu clu cy quan trpng vifc bio dim quyln lpl vd sy binh thl v l vin bing cda tmdng dd (UNESCO, 2012) t6i7-iiiilNaiz«iz*55 C^OAODVCNUdCNGOAl ding eda mpi ngudi hpe; hp dupc tilp efn cde eo hdi hpe t f p thdng qua cdc edcii thdc, lof I hinh, phuang phdp vd phuong t i l n hpc t i p da dfng Oilu ndy dde bift cd y nghia ddi vdi nhdm ddi tupng Id nhdrig ngudi hpc Idn tudL ngudi dang di Idm hode ed nhu elu hpe thim d l chuyin ddi nghi nghidp, ehuyin noi Idm vifc tdy theo nhu clu, nguyin vpng ed nhdn, vd gidp hp dat dupe lof I vdn bing tuong dng vdi nhdng dilu kifn v l thdi gian, phuong thde linh hoft hon so vdi ede chuong trinh hpe tdp tuong duong eda gido dye chinh quy Od/vdif cdc CSGD: Qud trinh qudn If, vfn hdnh vd gidm sdt h i thdng ACBS ddi hdi ed sy kit hpp, liln thdng gida cdc CSGD khdc nhau, gida gido due ehlnh quy vd khdng chfnh quy Oilu ndy gidp xdy dyng dupe mdi quan hf hdu co cda qud trtnh hpp tdc vd tdng cudng mdi quan hf edng nhU su liln kit ehft c h l hon gida d e CSGD khdc ed lin ngodi nhd trudng, gidm d i n khodng cdeh vd sy'phin bift ddi xd"glda gido dye ehlnh quy vdi khdng ehlnh quy Vifc vfn hdnh hf thdng ACBS cdng gdp phin ting cudng sy phin elp, t i n g tfnh ty chd cho CSGD, hp phii ty chju trich nhifm vi chuong trtnh gido dye vd cdc khda hpc cda minh sau da dupe kilm djnh Bin Cfnh dd, tham gla ACBS ede CSGD bit budc trii qua qud trtnh kilm djnh chuong trtnh gido dye ehuin hda, ndn ylu td ndy tf o ddng lUc tieh eye d l d c eo sd ty hodn thif n, ndng cao ndng lye cda chfnh minh Odi vdixd hdi: Cdeh t i l p efn eda ACBS, dd, coi trpng nhdtig nd lyc cda ngudi hpc vd gid trf thyc sy cda vifc hpc t f p dd gdp phin khdng nhd thdc diy sy biln ddi tfch eye nhfn thdc xd hfi, td chd chl chd trpng d i n trinh dd hpc vin vd hinh thde cda bing d p chuyin sang mdt x i hdi col trpng ning lyc cda ngudi hpc vd tim kilm d e h thdc cy t h l , hifu lye di nhdng ndng lyc thyc sy dd cdng nhu qud trinh trau ddi kiln thdc eda ngudi hpc/ngudi lao ddng dupe ehlnh thdc ghi nhfn Odng thdi, ACBS tfo thim ddng co hpc t f p thudng xuyln, sudt ddi cho d c cdng d i n , khuyin khfch mpi ngUdi din thudng xuyln b6 sung, cfp nhft tri thde v i kT ndng d l ty Idm mdl minh, Idm vifc tdt hdn vd ddng gdp hifu qud hon cho xd hdi, t i l n tdi hinh thdnh mft XHHT thyesy Vai trd cda ngin hing tin chi hpc t i p vifc thdc diy hpc tfp sudt ddi v i xiy d ^ g x i hfi hpc tfp Nhudd d l cfp, ACBS l i mdt hf thing cdng nhfn kit qud hpc t f p d dd md vd tfnh linh hoft eao, khd ndng chuyin ddi mlm dio Ody eOng ehlnh Id mft nhdng dilm ddc tnmg ndi bft nhlt cda hf 56*aMIVCHiiBVC thdng ACBS, Idm eho nd khde bidt v l co bdn so vdi hf thdng gido due chfnh quy Vile tdn tfi song song hai hf thdng ndy gidp bid sung, hodn thiln chdc ndng eda nin gido due qudc dan, cung elp eho mpi edng ddn d c CO hdi hpc t f p phong phu vd binh ding Triln khai h i thdng ACBS dem lfi Ipi fch thilt thyc vile xde djnh vd edng nhdn kit qud hpc t i p cho nhilu ddi tUpng ngudi hpc da dfng, nhU: hpc sinh da tdt nghilp trung hpc phd thdng nhung khdng ed dilu kidn vdo hpc d ede CSGD sau tmng hpe; nhdng sinh vidn ehua hodn thdnh cao ding bode dfi hpe ngUdi lao ddng da cd ehdng chl chuydn mdn v l mdt Unh vyc ndo dd nhUng chUa cd bdng dai hpc Nhu vdy, vide dugc dp nhdng vdn bing ed gid trj edng nhfn ehlnh thdc khdng edn Id dfc quyln eda nhdng theo hpc cdc ehUong trtnh chfnh quy nhd tmdng, md dd dupe md rdng nhilu ddi tupng da dang; t f o eo hdi vd thdc diy dfng lyc hpc t f p thudng xuyln, liln tyc cda ngudi ddn Oliu ndy rit cd y nghia ddi vdi ngudi hpc, ddc bift bdi cdnh vdn hda Hdn Qude, noi trinh dd hpc vin liu vin thudng dupe ddnh gid qua bing cip - dd khdng phii l i mdt bio d i m tuyft ddi - song vin ddng mft vai trd khd quan trpng ddi vdl ede eo hfi vifc Idm vd thdng tiln cdng tdc Vifc cdng nhdn tfn ehi vd ghi nhin cdc hinh thdc hpc t f p bing nhdng lofI van bing tUong dng cda ACBS ed tdc dung to Idn vifc khfch If cdc cd nhdn tham gia hpc t f p d l ndng cao ki ndng, kiln thdc, phdt triln bdn thdn vd nghi nghifp Hf thdng ACBS tf o nhdng tdc ddng tfch cyc khdng chl tdi ngdnh gido dye md cdn tdi nhfn thdc chung cda todn xd hdi v l gid trj thyc sy cda vifc hpc tfp: khdng chl nim d trtnh dd hay lofi hinh bing d p (hpc theo hf chinh quy, hpc nhdng CSGD danh tiing) md cdn d ning lyc (cd t h l ty hpe d l sd hdu nhdng tri thdc, ki ning d n thilt eho cdng vifc cudc sdng), vd nhdng nang lyc ndy cda ngUdi hpe vin dupe cdc d p thim quyln xde nhfn mft cdeh ehinh thde thdng qua ACBS Mdt khdc vdi eo c h l tfch IQy tfn chi b i t k l thdi gian hpc xong Id ndo, ACBS khdng chi gidp eung elp nhilu hon cdc co hdi hpc t f p liln tyc ndng cao, cfp nhft kiln thdc kl ndng eho ngudi hpc, md cdn tfo dilu kifn d l hp d l ddng chuyin ddi, liln thdng d e khda hpe, bfc hpc cda minh theo nhu d u vd khd ndng ed nhdn Oilu ndy cho thiy, ACBS cd khd ndng bao qudt vd chip nhdn cde hinh thde HTSO da dfng, phong phd xd hdi, eda nhilu nhdm ddi tupng; ddng thdi, d n g khing djnh v l gii trj, t i m quan trpng cda d c hinh thdc hpc t f p phi truyin thing so GlAOBVCNUIIIfCNGOAl vdl vide dl hpc thdng thudng d c nhd tmdng chfnh quy Ndi cdeh khdc ACBS chfnh Id mdt cdng ey hdu hifu vd khd thl gidp hidn thuc hda y tudng HTSO vd xdy dyng mdt XHHT eda Hdn Qudc bdi nd t f o CO hdi vd d i l u kidn thudn Ipi eho bat edai ed nhu e l u cd t h l dat dugc loai van bing md minh mong mudn thdng qua vide t y hpc hode tham gia cde hinh thdc hpe tdp khdng chfnh quy da dang khic (ChoL 2007) Odng thdi, ACBS gdp phin quan trpng vide thdc d i y sy tham gia chd ddng, tfch eye eda cdc ting Idp nhdn d i n vdo boat ddng IfTSO; nd Id mdt minh ehdng d i y sdc thuylt phuc eho thiy vile thay ddi CO chl, d e h thde qudn If cda nhd nude cd t h l tdc ddng manh m l d i n ti I f tham gia vdo HTSO vd ede CO hdi hpe tdp eda ngUdi ddn nhu t h l ndo Oilu ndy cd y nghTa quan trpng ddi vdi cde nhd qudn If vd nhd hofch djnh chfnh sdeh gido due vifc tim kilm nhdng cdeh thdc hllu qud di hiln thUe hda y tudng XHHT T A I LIEU THAM K H A O Balk, E.S, Recognition and Validation of Nonformal Learning In Korea, Website: www.unesco.org/ /confinteavi_ws3-l_ recognition, 2009 Choi, S., OECD Thematic Review on Recognition of Nonformal and Informal Learning, Country Background Report for Korea, Korean Educational Development Institute, 2007 ^ Jo, S., The Case Study on Building a Learning Society in Korea, Hamburg: UIL, 2012 UIL (Viln Hpc tdp sudt ddi UNESCO), Bdo edo tdng hgp vi xdy dung xd hdi hgc tdp d Nhdt Bdn, Hin Qudc vd Singapore, Viln Hpc tdp sudt ddi eda UNESCO, Hamburg: UIL, 2012 UNESCO, TheCreditBankSystem:Anlnnovative Approach to Adult Lifelong Leamlng in Korea, Website: www2.unescobkk.org/elib/publications/ 7p92-105 pdf-(16/1/2012), 2012 SUMMARY Academic Credit Bank System(ACBS) Is a system Intended to define and recognize learning outcomes of learners through approving learning credits (unit of knowledge) accumulated through participating one or several different leamlng courses at any point in time This Is an open and strongly renovated system of South Korea The article has presented some issues regarding how ACBS has been developed and operated; and emphasized the role of ACBS In promoting lifelong learning and building a leamlng sodety The author has eonfinved that ACBS Is an effective and feasible tool to help realize the Idea ofllklong and building a leamlng society of South Korea as it provides vartous enabling conditions and opportunities for anybody who wants, and is able, to obtain the certain type of degree through self-learning or engaging In other diverse fonns of nonformal learning iiiiiiiiiiiiiMiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiMiiiiiiiiniiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiniiiiiMiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiin^ ca sd TAM Li HOC VA GIAO DUC HOC (Tiip theo trang 12) 4/ Ddnh gid/phi phdn/Sdng tgo qud trinh gidi quyit cdc tinh huing thgc tiin Khung chuin ndy chd y l u quy djnh cdc d p dd cda ndng lyc phdn bift v l chit lupng C i bfc mdi phin i n h sy ITnh hdi v i phdt triln ndng lyc todn Vfn vd d i y dd, hofc nhfn thdc bdn chit d i y dd TAI u e u THAM K H A O T Bd GD& OT - NXB Gido d y e Chuang trinh gido dgc phd thing, 2006 Bloom (Ed), Taxonomy of Educational Objectives, Longman, 1956 Bowden JA, Competency-based education: Neither a panacea nor a pariah, 1995 Phfm Minh Hf c (ehd biln), Phdt triin vdn hod eon ngUdI vd ngudn nhdn Igc thdi ki CNH - HOH dit nude, Chuong trtnh KHCN d p Nhd nude- NXB Chinh trj Qudc gia, 2007 OECD, Definition andSelectionofCompetendes: Theoretical and Conceptual Foundation, 2002 Rychen, O.S and A Tiana, Developing Key Competencies in Education: Some Lessons from International and National Experience, 2004 SUMMARY From a psychological, sociological and pedagogical perspective, the artide has discussed three main issues, i.e Conceptions of competencies; Basis fo defining the frameworit of key competencies required of Vietnamese students of general education; different leveh of competency development among students of general education This is the initial guiding basis for Implementation of the subsequent phases In the process of Building and Developing General Education Curriculum after 2015 s(in-TiANaiz«iz«S7