QUAN LI GIAO DUC D A M O I QUJiN Li GIAO DUG DAI DDG TDONG GIAI DDAN HliN NAY O TS NGUYEN KHAC BINH* Sau hai ndm thyc hien Nghj quyet 50 /2010/ NQ QHl 2 cua Q\J6C hoi, giao dye dqi hoc (GDOH) Viet Nam[.]
Q U A N LI G I A O DUC D A MOI QUJiN Li GIAO DUG DAI DDG TDONG GIAI DDAN HliN NAY O S au hai ndm thyc hien Nghj quyet / / NQ-QHl cua Q\J6C hoi, giao dye dqi hoc (GDOH) Viet Nam dang tien trinh doi mdi sau $6c va toan dien toan he thong, tir CO che den chinh sdch, tir noi dung den hinh thirc va phuong thirc thi/c hiSn Trong bai viet ndy, chiing toi neu mot so nhqn ihtfc ve keS't qu6 doi mdi cung nhu dinh huong tiep tyc doi mol qu6n Ii GDDH thoi gian toi NhCrng diem nc^i bat doi mdi qudn If GDOH 1) Dd'i mai qudn Ii nha nwdc (QLNN) ve GDDH, thuc hiin phdn cd'p QLNN ve GDDH Ngay / / , Chinh phu da ban hdnh Nghj djnh so 115/2010/NO-CP quy djnh trdch nhiem QLNN ve giao dye (GD) Ngay sou Nghj djnh di/pc ban hdnh, B6 GD-DT da pho'i htyp vdi c6c Bo, Nganh va UBND cap tinh trig'n khal thyc hien Nghj djnh cua Chinh phu; thyc hien vISc phdn cdng, phdn cd'p trdch nhiem QLNN v l GD giua Bo GD-DT vdi cdc bo, ngdnh khdc; phdn cdng, phdn cd'p trdch nhiSm QLNN v l GD giOa trung uong vd dja phuong Cdc bo cd trdch nhiem thyc hien nhiem vy, quyIn hgn QLNN quy djnh tgi Nghi djnh cua Chfnh vichi/c ndng, nhiem vy, quyen hgn vd CO cd'u to' cht/c cua Bo; dong thai phdi nop vdi Bd GD-DT bdo ddm thong nhd't QLNN ve GD doi vdi cdc CO sd GDDH trye thupc Bd UBND cd'p tinh ed trdch nhiem qudn If hdnh chfnh theo lanh thd' dd'i vdi cdc co sd GDDH thudc cdc bo ddng trfen dja ban; qudn If dd'i vdi cdc eo sd GDOH thudc tfnh; chi dgo kiem tra viee tudn thu phdp ludt v l GD viec bdo ddm cdc dilu kien v l thdnh ldp trudng, hogt dgng GD, md ngdnh ddo tgo (DT); cdng khai chd't luong GD, cdng khal cdc d i l u kien bdo ddm chd't luong GD; viSc OT gdn vdi nhu c6u xd hdi theo hudng dan eua Bd GD-DT dd'i vdi cdc ca sd GDOH ddng tren dja ban 2) Tdng cudng h/ chu ciJa cac ca so GDDH Thyc hl6n N Q U eua Chinh phu v l Dd'i mdi cdn ban vd todn diSn GDOH Viet Nam giai dogn Tap chi Glao due so 0 (ki a la/aoia) TS NGUYEN KHAC BINH* 200d-2020, can ctr vdo dieu kien va ndng lye qudn Ii cdc co sd GDOH, Bp GD-OT dd giao quyen ty chu todn bp cho mdt so' ca sd GDOH; mpt so' CO sd dupe giao quyen h/ chu mdt sd' tinh vyc QLNN ve GDOH Cdc co sd dugc giao quyen ty chu ndy phai chju trdch nhiem trude xd hdi ve hogt dgng cua minh Trong thdi gian qua, Bd GD-OT tilp tyc frien khai thyc hien Chi thi 29d, day mgnh ehuong trinh hdnh ddng ndng coo chd't lupng todn ngdnh; cdc CO sd GDOH phdi cdng khai chuan dau ci3a cdc ngdnh DT, cdng khai hda cdc dieu kien ddm bdo end't luong de xd hdi gidm sdt Viee glao quyen ty chu cho cdc tri/dng dgi hoc (OH), cao ddng (CD) phdi dong bp vdi tdng cuong cdng tdc kiem tra, tra, gidm sdt eua CO quan QLNN Tuy nhien, cdng tdc ndy cdn hgn che; nhirng vi phgm cdc quy djnn chdm phdt hien vd xi> If; cdc ene tdi ehua du si/c ran de de chd'm dirt cdc sai phgm Ngdy 18/d/2012, tgi ki hpp tht> Quoc hdi khoa XIII, Ludt GDOH dd dupe Qud'e hgi thdng qua Tgi Dieu 32 (QuyIn tu chu ciJa eo sdGDOH) dd quy djnh co sd GDDH ty chu cdc hogt ddng chu yeu thudc cdc linh vyc to cht/c vd nhdn sy, tdi chfnh vd tdi sdn, OT, khoa hpc vd cdng nghe, hop tdc quoc te, bdo ddm chd't lupng GDDH Ca sd GDOH thyc hien quyIn ty chu d mi/c dp cao hon phii hgp vdi ndng lye, ket qua xep hgng vd ket qua kiem djnh chd't lupng GD Tuy nhien, ca sd GDOH khdng cdn dO ndng lye thyc hien quyen ty ehu hogc vi phgm phdp ludt qua trinh thyc hien quyIn ty chu tni tiiy theo mire dp vi phpm se b\ xu If theo quy djnn cua phdp ludt 3) Doi mdi caca'u he thong GDDH He thdng GDDH d a n g tiep hjc dd'i mdi theo hudng m d vd lien thdng, ddm bdo sy phdn luong; d a d g n g hda vd phdn tang ca sd G D O H de d d p i j n g nhu cau nguon nhdn lye, tgo c a hdi hpc tgp suot ddi cho ngudi d d n Xdy d y n g cdc md hinh c o sd GDDH * VII Giao dMC dai hpc - Bp Giao due va Dao tao # te v l so' sinh vien/1 GV quy doi vd cdc tieu chi cdn thiet khdc the hien khd ndng bdo ddm chd't lupng DT eua cdc eo sd GDOH ddng kf chi tieu tuyen sinh Tiep hjc giir d'n djnh cdng tdc hjyin sinh theo gidi phdp «3 chung'; ed dilu chinh, bd' sung khli thi, khdi xet hjyIn, tgo linh hogt cho cdc frudng vd nhieu co hpi cho thi sinh TrSn ca sd diem sdn, chi tieu tuyen sinh, cdc trudng tu chu vd h/ chiu trdch nhiem xet tuyen theo quy dinh Glao cho mpt so' CO sd GDOH nghien cuu, d l xult phuong dn dd'i mdi tuyen sinn DH, CO 7} Day mgnh DT va NCKH, chuybn glao cdng nghe Dd vd dong xdy dung mdt so' chinh sdch dd'i mdi cdc ndi dung vd ndng cao ndng lye NCKH vd chuyen giao cdng nghe; tgp trung dau tu cho cdc CO sd NCKH mui nhgn vd phdng thf nghiem trgng dilm cdc trudng DH Nhilu CO sd GDOH dd tfch eye vd chu dpng thuc hien lien kit giua nhd trudng - doanh nghiep thyc hien nghien cuu vd triln khoi (OH bd Nang, Trudng OhI Bdeh khoa Hd N6i, Trudng OH Dd Lgt ) Nhilu trudng OH dd hinh thdnh cdc nhdm Nghien cuu - Giang dgy, hodc nhdm Nghien ci/u ket hgp giOa GV nude vd GV nude ngodi (OH Dd NSng, Hgc vien Buu chfnh vien thdng, ) Ti le thu tu hogt dpng nghien ciru vd triln khoi tdng thu cua nhilu trudng da tang nhanh tndi gian quo (cd biSt da co nhirng trudng ti le ndy chilm 30-40% tdng thu eua nhd trudng) So luong cdc cdng trinh cdng bd' qud'e t l dd tdng ddng ke nhd't Id cdc khdi khoa hoc kT thudt tien tien, phdt trien cdc h w n g OH trpng dilm, chat lupng cao vd xdy di/ng mpt so' eo sd DT, chirong trinh GDDH dgt trinh quoc te, nhdm cung cd'p ngu6n nhdn lye chat luong coo cho dd't nude Vdi viec Quoc hdi thdng qua Ludt GDOH, cdc CO sd GDDH dupe phdn tang thdnh ca sd OH djnh hudng nghien dm, eo sd OH dinh hudng ung dyng vd CO sd DH dinh hudng thyc hdnh Cdc co sd GDDH Viet Nam cung dupe xep hgng theo cdc tieu chf ve quy md vd chd't luong DT vd nghien cuu khoa hpc (NCKH) 4) D6I mdi DT, boi dudng va chinh sach phdt then doi ngu nha gido vd CBQLGD GDDH tiep hjc ddi mdi md hinh, phuong thi/e OT, b l l dudng vd chfnh sdch tuyen dyng, ddnh gid, che dp ddi ngd dd'i vdi dpi ngO gidng vien (GV); CO cd'u Igi mgng ludi cdc trudng su phgm theo hudng tgp trung phdt trien mot so' trudng OH su phgm trgng diem vd cdc trirdng thyc hdnh; chud'n hda ddi ngu GV vd CBQLGD Nam 2012, Bp GD-DT dd chfnh thirc thyc hien dn DT dpi ngu GV cdc trudng DH vd CO dgt trinh dp tien sT vdi cdc hinh thuc OT nude, gt>l ro nifdc ngodi OT vd ket hpp Theo ke nogch, h> den ndm 2020 se ed 23 ngdn GV hode nhung ngt/di ed nguyen vgng vd du ndng lye de trd thdnh GV se dupe tuyen chpn DT 5) D6l mdi noi dung chuang trinh, quy trinh DT, phuong phap day hoc va danh gia ki't qua GDDH Tiep hjc dd'i mdi chuang trinh DTDH theo hudng tiep cdn ndng lye ngudi hpc, ddp i/ng chud'n aau ro vd theo nhu cau xd hdi; tdng cudng dp dyng cdc chuang trinh tien tien cOa cdc trudng OH trfen t h i gidi, tgo sy chuyin bien mgnh me v l ngogi ngu vd tin hgc cua sinh vISn nhSm ddp irng ndi nhdp vd egnh tranh qud'e t l ; ndi dung, phuong phdp dgy hpc, thi vd dp dyng cdng ngng Tirang hien dgi ddnh gid d l ddp i>ng tot hem nhu edu ngudi hgc vd nhu edu pndt triln dd't nude; chud'n bj cdc dilu kl^n de chuyin sang OT theo he thdng tfn chi 6) Dili mol quy dinh xac djnh chi tieu vd hiy€n sinh DH, CD Myc tieu dd'i mdi xde djnh chi tieu tuyln sinh Id bdo ddm chd't lupng OT tren CO sd cdc dilu kien thyc te eua h>ng trudng, nhdm chd'm di/t Knh trgng tdng quy md vupt qua ndng lye OT todn he thd'ng Tu ndm 2012, B^ GD-DT dd ban hdnh Thdng tu so / 2 / TT-BGDOT v l giao chi tieu tuyen sinh OT, dd tren co sd cdc dieu kien v l dpi ngu, co sd vdt chd't, cdc hT/dng ty xdy dyng chl tieu tuyln sinh vd Bd GD-OT xde nhdn chi tieu dd tren co sd thuc 8) Tdng cudng cdc nguon dau tucbo GDDH vd ho tra GD ddi vdi cdc vdng khd khdn, vung ddn tdc thi^u so' vd dd'i fugng chinh sdch xa hdi Tilp hjc thyc hien dd'i mdi ca c h l tdi chinh nhdm huy ddng, phdn bd vd si> dyng hi^u qud ngudn lye ciio Nhd nude, xd hpi ddu tu cho GDDH; ho trg GD cho cdc viing khd khdn, ddn tdc thilu so vd cdc dd'i tupng chfnh sdch xd hpi Day mgnh xd hpi hda GD, tdng cudng huy dpng cdc ngudn lye ddu tu phdt triln GDOH Nam 2012, Bd GD-DT trien khai thi diem co c h l dgc thii DT nhdn luc cho khu vyc Tdy Bdc, Toy Nguyen, Tdy Nam bd nhdm tirng budc gdp phdn tgo nhdn lye ddp irng nhu edu nhdn lye cho cac khu vyc ndy Ndm 2012, Bp GD-DT dd thyc hien chinh sdch tuyen sinh, OT cho 62 huyen ngheo theo Nghj quylt sd 30a/2008/NQ-CP ngdy 27/12/2008 Clio Chfnh phu Tap chi Giao due so 0 (ki a - la/aoia) 9) Tdng cudng hop tdc qud'e tS' GDDH Cdc CO sd GDOH da chu ddng xde djnh ddi tdc nude ngodi, xde djnh cdc chucng trinh vd ndi dung hgp tdc Cdc iTnh vyc vd hoot ddng hpp tdc audc te dgng hon, h> hpp tdc ehu y l u lien ket OT dd ed them cdc hogt ddng hgp tdc nghien ciru, trien khai, tilp nhdn sinh vien, OT dpi ngu GV vd cdn bd qudn If, tiep nhdn chuyen glao cdng nghe OT (dien hinh nhu DHQG Hd Ndi vd DHQG TP.Hd Chf Minh, DH Dd NSng, Trudng DH Bdeh khoa Hd Npi, Trudng DH Kinh tlquoc ddn ) Cdc chuang trinh lien kit DT phdt trien nhanh HiSn nay, cd nude dd ed tren 400 ehuong trinh lien kit OT vdi nude ngodi tgi Viet Nam, chu yeu Id OT d trinh dp thgc sT vd DH Tuy nhien, viee kilm sodt vd ddm bdo chd't lupng cua cdc ehuong trinh lien kit eon nhilu bd't cap cdn khdc phye nhanh chdng Thyc hien chu truong cua Ddng vd Nhd nude viee tdng cudng hgp tdc vdi CHDCND Ldo, dd ed trudng OH chu dgng xdy dyng vd trien khai thyc hien chuang trinh OT thgc sT, tiln sT tgi CHDCND Ldo ngodi cdc ehuong trinh hop tdc chinh thi>e giifa hai Chinh phu Cdc ehuong trinh OT ndy dd cung cd'p cho CHDCND Ldo dugc hon 200 thgc sT V l djnh hudng ddi mdi cdn bdn, todn dlSn GDDhi thdi glen tdi ' / ; Dd'i mdi QLNN vi GIX)H: - Ban hdnh cdc chfnh sdch hodc trinh Chfnh phu ban hdnh cdc chfnh sdch theo djnh hudng cOa Lugt GDOH; Thdng nhd't QLNN v l GDDH vd OT nghi, Bd GD-DT Id CO auan ed thd'm auyin qudn If nhd't, chju trdch nhiSm d i l u pnd'i vd hudng dan he thd'ng theo cdc uu tien cua Nhd nude; - Xdy dyng khung trinh dp qud'e gia, chien luge phdt triln vd quy hogch tdng the phdt triln GDOH; Xdy dyng chinh sdch, co c h l liSn quan den qudn If vd qudn tri cd'p Bd vd cd'p trudng, nhdm phdt huy quyIn ty chu vd trdch nhiem xd hpi eua co sd OT dudi sy gidm sdt, kiem tra cOa co ouan QLNN, cdc hiep hdi chuyen mdn, nghi ngniep vd cdc ben lien quan; tdng cudng cdng tdc fro, kiem tro, djnh ro che tdi vd xi> If nghiem cdc sai pham 21 Dd'i mdi ca cd'u he thd'ng GDDH: Rd sodt, ddnh gid vd d i l u chinh quy hogch mgng ludi GDDH; - Xdv dyng tieu chud'n, tieu chi d l phdn tdnq, thyc hien phdn tdng GDOH vd xdy dyng chudn OH, ddm bdo he thdng thyc hien OT vd nghien ct/u phye vy thilt thyc cho chiln luge Tap chi Glao due so 0 (ki a • la/aoia) phdt triln KT-XH cua qud'e gia, ddp t/ng nhu edu xd hdi; - Ddi mdi co edu he thd'ng GDDH, md hinh DT, chuang trinh OT theo hudng chud'n hod, hien dpi hod, xd hdi hod, ddn chu hda vd hdi nhdp quoc te, ddm bdo gdn kit chdt che^iCro OT - nghien cuu - thyc tiln sdn xud't; - Ndng coo ndng lye cua he thd'ng OT su phgm; tdng cudng ndng lye cdc co sd OT thupc cdc viing khd khdn (Tdy Bdc, Tdy Nguyen vd Tdy Nam bp); - Rd sodt vd dieu chinh eo cd'u ngdnh nghe OT; ndng cao chud'n ve dilu kien md ngdnh ciia mot so ngdnh ddm bdo hdi nhdp qud'e te 3) Ddm bdo cdc dieu kien ndng cao chd't luqng DT: • Thiet lap he thd'ng kilm djnh chd't luong GDOH hieu qua; cdng bd vd si> dyng k i t qua kiem djnh ddu tu phdt t r i l n GD-DT; - Phdt huy mpi ngudn luc xd hdi d l tdng cudng ddu tu v l co sd vdt chd't, phdng thf nghigm, thilt bj, gido trinh, tdi heu phye vy OT vd NCKH theo chudn khu vyc vd qud'e t l ; - Ddi mdi cdn bdn cdng tdc tuyln sinh OH, CO song song vdi ddi mdi ki thi td't nghiep THPT; thyc hien phdn luong hpc sinh sou T H C S ; - Ddi mdi phuong thi>c OT,^phuang phdp dgy hgc, each thuc ddnh gid theo hudng coi trgng dgy edeh hgc, Id'y "ngudi hgc Idm trung tdm", hinh thdnh xd hdi hpc tgp vd tgo eo hgi cho mgi ngudi cd t h i hpc tgp sud't ddi; - Xdy dyng ehuong trinh GDDH theo hudng: nghien ci/u vd thyc hdnh; - Tiep tyc nghien ct/u vd xdy dyng Chud'n ddu eua cdc ngdnh DT; su dyng Chud'n ddu Idm tieu chi gidm sdt cua ngudi hpc vd xd hdi ddi vdi chd't luong OT ctja cdc CO sd GDDH 4) Phdt trien ddi ngu GV vd CBQLGD: ' Xdy dung chfnh sdch vd chudn hda dpi ngu GV, CBQLGD cd v l so lupng vd chd't lupng; trien khal cd hieu qud Oe dn "DT GV cd trinh dp tiln sT cho cdc trudng DH, CO giai dogn 2010-2020"; Xdy dyng vd triln khai cdc ehuong trinh tgp hud'n, bdi dudng ndng cao trinh chuyen mdn, nghiep vy cho GV vd CBQL d vd ngodi nude theo hudng hdi nhdp qud'e te; - Xdy oyng c h l dp, chinh sdch thu hut ngudi co ndng lye vd trinh dp chuyen mdn cao, nhieu kinh nghiem frong thuc tiln d vd ngodi nude tham gia gidng dgy Igi cdc co sd GDOH 5} Doi mdi co che tdi chinh cho GDDH vd day mgnh xd hdi hda GD: - Ddi mdi co che phdn bd tdi chinh cdng theo hudng ddm bdo cdc iru tien qud'e gia vd duo tren hiSu qud hogt ddng (Xem tiep trang 39) Doi rniri quan li giao due (Tiip iheo trang 3) ei)a ca so OT; hinh thdnh cdc quy cho vay uu ddi de dau tu phdt trien cdc truong ngodi cdng lap; Qu