Mấy suy nghĩ về định hướng đổi mới giáo dục đại học trong giai đoạn 2011 2020

MAY SUY NGHT VE OjNH HUONG DOI MOI GIAO DUO DAI HOC TRONG GIAI DOAN 2011 2020 TS Nguyen Khac Binh Bi Giio due viiDdo tao • T6M TAT Tinh di'n 3111212010 cd nude eo 414 trucfng dqi hpe vi eao ddng (188 trudng dqi hpc vi 226 trudng cao ddng) Quy mi sinh viin toin qudc li 2.162.106 Mqng ludi trucmg dqi hpc, cao ddng dd phd kin 62163 tinh, thinh phd Tuy nhien, hi thing giao due dqi hoc nudc la vdn cin bdc Id mil sd hqn ehi bdt cap nhu: Ca cdu hi thdng gido due dqi hpc chua ding hi Tinh trqng mdt ein ddi gitta ca cdu trinh dp, ea cdu nginh nghi dio tqo cham dupc khac phuc, chua dip img duqc yiu cdu nhin luc cua xd hii Nhieu loqi hinh trudng (trudng dqi hpc, viin dqi hpc, hpc viin hpc viin v.v ) Trudc tinh hinh dd, gido due dqi hpc cdn phdi ddi mdi hudng chudn hia, hiin dqi hoa, xd hdi hoa va hii nhip qudc te, ddi mdi ca chi qudn ly gido due vd dao tqo, phdt trien dpi ngii giio viin vd cdn bi qudn ly la khiu then chdt v.v Ttt khoa: Bdt cap; chua ddng bi; chua hiiu qud; ddi mdi, gido due dqi hpc Ngiy nhin bai: 23/12/2011; Ngiy duyit ding bii: 20/5/2012 Thurc trang giao dtic dai hpc hien / / Nhttng thdnh tuu 1.1.1 Quy md vd mqng ludi ca sd gido due dqi hpc phdt triin, ddp dng lot han nhu cdu hpc tap cda xd hpi - Tinh dft'n ngiy 31/12/2010 ca nude cd 414 trudng dai hpc va cao dang (188 trudng dai hpc va 226 Irudng cao ding), dd 52 irudng dai hpc va 28 trudng cao dang ngoii cdng lip chift'm ly le 19,3%; Ci nude cd 159 co sd dao lao sau dai hpc (71 vien nghidn edu, chidm 44,7% va 88 Irudng dai hpe, ehie'm 55,3%), dd cd 121 co sd dao tao lidn si va 101 co sd dao lao thae si (trong dd, cd Irudng dai hpc ngoai cdng lap dupc giao nhiftm vu dao lao trinh dp thae si) TAP CHf TAM Lt HOC, Sd (159), 6-2012 65 - Nam 1987 tdng sd sinh viftn li 133,136, nim 1997 Ul 715,231 (ting 5,4 lin), nim 2010 li 1.643.780 (ting 2,30 lin so vdi nim 1997 vi gin 12,35 lin so vdi nam 1987); Ttt nam 2000 ddn nay, cic co sd trung binh mdi nim dio lao 650 tidn sT Uong nudc Nam 2008, cic co sd dio tao sau dai hpc da tuydn dupc 1,805 nghiftn cdu sinh vi 22.885 hpc viftn cao lipc Nam 20io, cic co sd dio tao sau dai hpc nudc di dang ky 2.504 ch! tiftu dio tao tidn si vi 30.638 chi tiftu dio tao thae si So vdi chi tiftu dio tao dr nudc ngoii, nim 2010, sd lupng nghiftn cdu sinh nudc cao hon 3,57 lin, hpc viftn cao hpc gip 13,3 lin Tting quy md dio tao khdng chfnh quy hiftn 532.972 sinh viftn, chidm xi'p xi 24,43% tdng quy md dio tao cia cic trudng dai hpc, cao ding - Mang ludi trudtng dai hpc, cao ding d i phi ki'n 62/63 tinh, thinh phd Ngudn lire cia xi hdi diu tu cho giio dttc dai hpc tang nhanh, co chd quan ly nhi nudc vd giio dtic dai hpc da ddi mdi, tang cudng giao quydn tu chi, tu chju trich nhiftm cho cic co sd giio due dai hpc vi co ehft giim sit chit lupng dio tao vi viftc thuc hidn cam kfti diu tu xay dung co sd giio due dai hpc 1.1.2 Sdsinh viin tdt nghiip: Nam 1987 cd 19.900 sinh viftn tdt nghiftp, nam 1997 cd 73.736 (tang 3,7 lin so vdi 1987) vi nam 2010 cd 222.665 (tang 11 lin so vdi nam 1987 1.1.3 Ngdnh nghi ddo tqo: Ty lft dao tao cic nginh ky thuit - cdng nghft, ndng - lam - ngu, y dupc, van hda - nghft thuat, thd due, thd thao tang; dao tao ngudn nhan luc thudc cac linh vuc cflng nghft, thdng lin, sinh hpc, vat Uftu mdi duoc uu tiftn 1.1.4 Hinh Ihi'tc ddo tqo: Theo quy djnh cia Luat Giao due 1998 vi 2005, hinh thdc dio tao cao ding, dai hpc dupc da dang hoi, gdm dio tao chinh quy tap trung va giao due Ihudng xuyftn/dio tao khdng chfnh quy (vtta lim vtta hpc, dio tao ttt xa va tu hpc cd hudng din) 1.1.5 Ddi ngu gidng vien: Nam 1987 ddi ngu giang viftn cia cic trudng dai hpe, cao ding la 20.212 giing viftn vdi 2.041 lift'n si, 526 giio su, phd giio su Nam 1997, ldng sd giang viftn da tang Iftn 65.337 ngudi vdi 6.475 liftn si, 2.117 giio su, phd giao su Nam hpc 2010 - 2011 tdng sd giang vien cia cic trudng dai hpc, cao ding la 74.573 ngudi 1.1.6 Cdng tde xd hdi hod gido due vd viic huy ddng ngudn luc cho gido dttc dddqi duac kit qud budc ddu: Nam 1997 mdi cd 15 tnrdng dai hoc tu thuc, de'n da cd 50 Irudng dai hpc, 30 trudng cao dang ngoai cdng lap 1.1.7 Trong nhttng nam gin day, cdng tic quan ly chai lupng da dupc chu trpng: Dii hinh cac id chdc chuyftn trich vd dinh gii vi kidm dinh eliil lupng Tinh den thing 12/2008, da ed 114/163 (70%) trudng dai hoc lU danh gia, dd cd 40 Irudng dupc dinh gia ngoii CPng lie quan ly giao due dai hpc da cd chuydn biftn theo hudng tang quydn lu chi, tu chiu trach 66 TAP CHl TAM Lt HOC, Sd (159), - 2012 nhiftm eua cic co sd dio tao Mdt sd van bin quy pham phip luat da dupe ban hinh nhim cu thd hda cic chi truong dd dd Nghj djnh 115/2010/ND-CP cua Chinh phi quy djnh trich nhidm quan ly nhi nudc vd giio due 1.2 Nhitng hqn chi, bdt cdp 1.2.1 Vi he thd'ng gido due dqi hpc Co ciu he thd'ng giio due dai hpc cdn ed nhttng bit cap nhit djnh Tinh trang chua can ddi gitta eo ciu trinh dd, co ciu nginh nghd dio lao eliam dupc khac phtic, chua dip dng that td't yeu ciu nhan luc cia xa hpi: nhidu trudng dio tao vd kinh Id, tii chfnh, kft toin, ngan hing v.v nhtmg ft irudng dio tao vd cdng nghe, ky thuat, khoa hpc He thd'ng giao due dai bpc Viftt Nam phan ting chua that rd rftt, su phit tridn cua giao dtic dai hpe ehua that tuong xdng vdi su phat tridn cia kinh lft xa hpi Viet Nam thdi ky ddi mdi He thd'ng giao due dai hpc cua Viet Nam hiftn lai edn chda mdt sd yeu td chua hop ly: nhidu loai hinh Irudng (dai hpc, trucmg dai hpc, vien dai hpe, hpc viftn hpc viftn); mpl sd trudng dai hpc dao lao ca trinh dp cao ding, trung cip, day nghd; mdt sd Irudng cao ding dao lao ca trung cip va cdng nhan ky thuat din dft'n ngudn lue bj phan lin khdng lap trung vio nhiem vu chi'nh cua bac hpc 1.2.2 Chdt luang ddo tao dqi hpc Chai lupng dio tao da dupe nang cao nhidu, song chua dap dng that td't yftu cau cua xa hpi chuong trinh dio lao chua hiftn dat va id chdc dao tao chua tdi Su phit tridn quy md giio due dai hpc nhttng nam qua da dap dng loi ban nhu ciu hpc tap cua nhan dan, nhung chit lupng giao due chua theo Idp dupc nhu ciu phit tridn ldnh lft xa hpi cua dil nudc va hpi nhap qud'c td, mpl phin quy md dio lao tang qua nhanh (1.649.028 sinh viftn so vdi 133.136 sinh viftn lang gin 12,39 lin), cic dieu kiftn dam bao chit lupng chua tupng xdng Trong giio due dai hpe ehua giai quyfti dupc mau thuin gitta phit Irie'n sd lupng vdi nang eao chai lupng Cdn nhttng npi dung chuong trinh giao due dai hpc ddi kbi cdn nang ve ly thuydt, nhe vd thuc hanh, chua gin vdi yftu ciu xa hdi, chua phi hpp vdi nhu ciu va nang hpc tap cia da sd sinh viftn Phucmg phip day hpc d mdt sd trudng, bd mdn vin theo lai truydn thu mdt chidu, ddi bdi sinh viftn phai ghi nhd miy mdc, chua phit huy dupc lu phe phan, tu sang tao vi linh thin tu hpc d sinh vien Dpi ngu giang vien d mpl sd Irudng, nhit la cac Irudng d dja phuang cdn thidu vd sd lupng, yeu ve chuyftn mdn cung nhu kinh nghiftm thuc tft' Cdng tie nghiftn cdu khoa hpc chua dip dng yeu ciu dao lao va nhu ciu thuc tiftn cua phat trien kinh td - xa hdi, chua gin nghiftn cdu khoa hpc vdi dio lao, nhai la dao tao lift'n si Ca sd vat ehai cua nha irudng cdn thidu thdn Chua kdt nfli dupc dao tao cua TAPCHITAM LtHOC, Sd6 (159), - 2012 67 nhi trudng vdi thuc td ddi hdi cia x i hdi Cdng tic thanh, kidm tra cdn han chd He thd'ng kidm dinh chai lupng dio tao dai hpc dang hinh thinh 1.2.3 Vi vd hdi hda gido due Xa hiji hda giio due hidn cd nhidu thinh tint, song vin cd nhttng didu bit cip Nhi nudc hiftn miSi chi huy d^ng dupc m^t phin ngudn lire cia xa hfti cho giio due dai hpc (80 trudng din lip, tu thuc ddi), chua buy ddng dupc nhidu ngudn luc nudc ngoii cho giio due dai hpc, Ihiftu ydu td giim sit cia xa hdi Xa hi>i hda giio due hiftn d mdt sd dja phuong chua toin diftn, nfti dung chfnh vin chua thttc hiftn tdt, dd li diu cua giio diic dai hpc vin chua thd dip dng nhu ciu cia xi hOi, din dft'n viftc cung - ciu khdng gap dupc nhau, Ihiftu su gin kfti gitta cic co sd giio due dai hpc vdi viftn nghiftn cdu vi doanh nghiftp 1.2.4 Vi dpi ngu gidng vien vd cdn bd qudn ly Ddi ngu giing viftn va cin bft quin ly giio due d mdt sd irudng dai hpc chua dap dng dupe nhiftm vu giio due dio tao thdi ky mdi Cdn thidu quy hoach (I.iii tao ddi ngu giing viftn dai hpc din dftn tinh trang ddi ngu giang viftn vtta thtta, via ihift'u, vtta khdng ddng bd vd co ciu Chinh sich luong cho giang viftn va ein bd quan ly cia Nha nude cdn bit cap vi chua thda ding, dac biftt li ddi vdi giang viftn dai bpc cd hpc vi, chdc danh Icboa hpc 1.3 Nhung nguyen nhdn eua hqn ehi, bdt cap Cdng lac quan ly giio due cdn nhidu bit cap: Cic van ban quy pham phip luat vi cic chinh sich vd giio due dai hpc chua hoin chinh Viftc ehia cat cic nhiftm vu quan ly nhi nudc vd giao due gitta Bd Giao due va Dao tao vdi cic bp nganh khic da lam cho viftc quan ly nhi nude ddi vtS hft thd'ng giao due dai hpc chua thdng nhil Diu tu cia Nha nudc eho giio due dai hpc cdn chua dip dng dupc nhu ciu giao due cing ldn hidn Qua trinh hdi nhap qudc id da mang tdi nhung CO hdi ldn nhung cung mang de'n nbidu thach thdc dfli vdi giio due dai hpe Mai trai cia kinh td thi trudng da cd it nhidu anh hudng tieu cue dft'n giao due dai hpc Npi dung doi mtii giao due dai hpc 2.1 Quan diim ehi dqo Ddi mdi can bin, loan diftn ndn giio due Viftt Nam theo hudng chuin hda, hien dai hda, xa hdi hda vi hdi nhip qud'c te, dd, dfli mdi co chd quan ly giio due va dao tao, phat trien ddi ngtt giio viftn vi cin bd quan ly la khau then chdi Tap trung nang cao chit lupng giio due, dio lao, coi trpng giao due dao ddc, Idi sd'ng, nang luc sing tao, ky nang thuc hanh, kha nang lap 68 TAP CHi TAM Lt HOC, Sd (159), - 2012 nghiep Ddi mdi co chd tii chinh giio due Ddi mdi manh me ndi dung, chucmg trinh, phucmg phip day vi hpc 2.2, Mttc tiiu Ddi mdi can ban vi toin dien giio due dai hpe, tao dupe chuydn bift'n co bin vd chit lupng, hiftu qua vi quy md, dip dng yftu ciu cia su nghiftp cdng nghiftp hoi, biftn dai hoi dil nudc, hdi nhap kinh td qud'c tft vi nliu ciu hpc tap cia nhan dan Dft'n nam 2020, giio due dai hpc Viet Nam dat trinh dd tiftn tiftn khu vuc vft tift'p can trinh dd tiftn lift'n trftn thd gidi; cd nang luc canh tranh cao, thfch dng vdi co chd thj irudng djnh hudng xa hdi chi nghia 2.3 Ndi dung ddi mdi 2.3.1 Ddi mdi hi thd'ng gido due dqi hpc Cai cich Iriftt dd vi lai co ciu bft thd'ng giao due va dio tao, ttt trung uong ddn co sd, ttt tu duy, quan didm, cliuong trinh dio tao ddn phuong phap, phuang liftn day vi hpc theo hudng hpi nhap qud'c tft Ra soil, danh gii lai mang ludi cic co sd giio due dai bpc biftn cd; ddi mdi cflng tic quy hoach phat tridn mang ludi, bio dam lliuc hien ddng eae muc liftu phat tridn giio due dai hpc Phan ting dai hpc theo ling: - Dai hpc nghiftn cdu (dao lao vi cap dft'n van bang lift'n si): Trong dd, cd mfll sd viftn nghien edu dupe sap nhap - Dai hpc dng dung (dao lao va cip den van bing thae si) - CAc trudng cao ding: id chdc giang day va cip de'n van bing cao ding Trong dd, cd thd trudng trung cip chuyftn nghiftp, Irudng day nghe sap nhap vao Diu tu manh me cho mdt sd viftn nghiftn cdu trpng didm cd quy md Idn phuc vu chie'n lupc phat trien kinh td - xa hpi cia Nha nudc xay dung eo chd lien thdng ttt cao ding Iftn dai hpc; liftn thong gitta cac trudng dai bpc; liftn thdng gitta cac Irudng dai hpc cia Viet Nam vdi hft thd'ng giao due dai bpc qud'c lft' 2.3.2 Ndng cao chdt lucmg ddo tqo xay dung, chuin hda dpi ngu giang viftn ca vd sd lupng vi chit lucjng Ddi mdi manh me ndi dung va phuang phap giao due, dio tao; Chuan hda chuang trtnh va giio trinh dao tao dam bao phu hpp vdi yeu cau cua thuc liftn xa hdi va hdi nhap qud'c le; Tang cudng diu tu ngudn lire (lai chinh vi nhan luc) xdng dang cho cac CO sd vat chai cho cac eo sd giao due dai hpe; TAPCHITAM LtHOC, Sd6 (159), - 2012 Td chdc kidm djnh chit lupng giio due dat hpc 2.33, Xi hdi hda gido due dqi hpc Cd chfnh sich khuydn khfch ci nhin, id chttc xa hdi vi ngoii nudc tham gia tfch ctlc vio viftc md trudng dai hpc, hd tro kinh phf xiy dung co so vat chit cho cic CO sd giio due dai hpc Cd CO chd dd cic nhi tuydn dung, hOi nghd nghidp vi m(>t sd thinh phin xa hdi khic cd liftn quan tham gia vio viftc xiy dung ndi dung, chuong trinh dio tao cia nhi trudng phtic vti nhu ciu xi hOi xay dung quy djnh vd Hfli ddng trudng cd thinh phin tham gia cia xa hdi (nhi luydn dung lao dflng, hdi nghd nghiftp, cha me sinh viftn ) dd giim sit chit lupng dio tao vi boat ddng cia nhi trudng 2.3.4 Che lid chinh tdch dd'i vdi gidng viin vd cdn bd qudn ly Xiy dung chd dd luong phi hpp vdi chdc danh, hpc vj cho ddi ngu giang viftn vi ein bft quan ly giio due irudng thinh ttt giang viftn Cd chinh sich ddng vien, khuyft'n khich giang viftn, cin bd quan ly nudc ngoai dir hdi nghi, h(>i thio khoa hpc qud'c td, tham quan, dii cic Idp bdi dudng chuyftn mdn, giang day dd lift'p thu cdng nghft mdi, kidn thdc mdi Cd ehft dd khuyft'n khich thu but ngudi cd nang luc chuyftn mdn, trinh dd cao, nhidu kinh nghiftm vi ngoii nudc lim giang viftn 2.3.5 Ddi mdi qudn ly nhd nitdc ve gido due dqi hpc Ddi mdi tu quan ly nhi nudc vd giio dtic dai hpc Thd'ng nhit quan ly nha nudc vd giio due dai hpc la Bt5 Giio due vi Dio lao; tttng bude xda bd co quan chi quan co sd giio due dai hpc xay dung hoan ihiftn hft thd'ng van ban quy pham phip luat vd giao due dai hpe, trudc hfti la tap trung xay dung Luat Giio due dai hpe Doi mdi eo chd quan ly giio due, chuydn ddi ttt co chd nha nudc kidm soil sang CO ehft nhi nudc giim sal ket hpp vtS dao tao theo nhu ciu xa hdi Tang cudng cdng lac tra, kidm tra cac co sd giio due dai hpc vd viftc thuc hien cic quy djnh cia phip luat Yftu ciu cic CO sd giao due dai hpc phai cdng bd cdng khai.chuin diu va cic didu kien dam bao ehai lupng Xac lap CO che kiem tra, giim sat cia xa hdi; phit huy vai trd cia cac doan Ihe, id chdc quin chung, dac biet li cic hdi nghd nghiep viec giam sat chai lupng giip due dai hpe 70 TAP CH( TAM Lt HOC, Sd (159), - 2012 Tttng budc giao quydn tu chi cho cic co sd giio due dai hpe (ddi ngu nhan Itic, hpc thuit, tii chinh, dip tao vi cip van bing, phong chdc danh khoa hpc) tren eo sd tiftu chf cu thd vft cic didu kiftn dim bio chit lupng cia nhi mtdng Kiftn toin bft miy quin ly nhi nudc vft quin ly giio due dai hpc; lap CP quan kift'm djnh ehai lupng giio due ddc lap; nang cao nang luc ddi ngu can bd quan ly cia co quan quan ly nhi nude vd giio due dai hpe; phan cip quin ly nhi nudc vd giio due dai hpc theo ddi lupng vft chdc nftng nhiftm vu Cic CP sd giio due dai hpc id chdc quin ly vi quan trj nhi trudng theo npi dung dupe phin cip vi cliju su giim sat cia xa hdi, Bd Giio dtic vi Dio lao va Hdi ddng trudng Tii lieu tham khao Bao cao cua Bp Giao due vft Dao tao tai Hpi nghi So kftt tridn khai chi thj 296/CTTTg cua Thu tudng Chinh phu va Chuong Irinh hanh dflng cua Ba Giao due va Dao tao v6 ddi mdi cflng tic quan iy giao due dai hoc giai doan 2010 - 2012 Thfl'ng ke giao due dao lao nam hoc 2010-2011 Viemam Education and Training Directory (third edition - 2004) Bao cao chuong trinh chinh saeh phat tridn giao due dai hoc (giai doan 2) nam 2010 Ky yeu Hpi nghi loan qufl'c cac trudng supham (8/2011) TAP CHfTAM Lt HOC, Sd (159), - 2012 71 ... sinh viftn lang gin 12,39 lin), cic dieu kiftn dam bao chit lupng chua tupng xdng Trong giio due dai hpe ehua giai quyfti dupc mau thuin gitta phit Irie'n sd lupng vdi nang eao chai lupng Cdn... si): Trong dd, cd mfll sd viftn nghien edu dupe sap nhap - Dai hpc dng dung (dao lao va cip den van bing thae si) - CAc trudng cao ding: id chdc giang day va cip de'n van bing cao ding Trong. .. Giao due va Dao tao v6 ddi mdi cflng tic quan iy giao due dai hoc giai doan 2010 - 2012 Thfl'ng ke giao due dao lao nam hoc 2010 -2011 Viemam Education and Training Directory (third edition - 2004)