Nghien ciiu Trao doi Tpp chf C^ng sdn SUY NGHi VE DINH HUdNG PHAT TRIEN GIAO DUC OAI HOC VIET NAM • • • • DAU THE KY XXI X!< VU THI PHUONG MAI Nhieu ndm qua, giao due dgi hge nude ta vdn loay hoay tim[.]
Tpp chf C^ng sdn Nghien ciiu - Trao doi SUY NGHi VE DINH HUdNG PHAT TRIEN GIAO DUC OAI HOC VIET NAM • • • • DAU THE KY XXI X!< VU THI P H U O N G M A I Nhieu ndm qua, giao due dgi hge nude ta vdn loay hoay tim ldi gidi bdi todn: ldm the ndo de vua ndng cao chdt luong ddo tgo dgi hge, kip thai cung ung nguon nhdn luc chdt lugng cao cho yeu cdu cdng nghiep hda, hien dgi hda ddt nude, vua bdt kip vd phu hgp vdi trinh cung nhuxu the phdt trien cua giao due dgi hge tren the gidi? Bdi viet ndy Id trdn trd eua tdc gid vdi mong mudn gdp them mot tieng ndi vdo viec doi mdi gido due dgi hoc phuc vu cho su nghiep xdy dung, phdt trien ddt nude thdi ky mot - Tao Stf binh dang hon niia va theo hge Thue te cho thay, nhan tai thue hge md" rong co" hoi tiep can vdi giao due khdng phu thudc vao hoan canh gia dinh Vi vay, xa hgi can tao eho hge sinh ngheo eo hgi dai hoc eong dong Nhirng nam gan day, cae co sd giao due dai hpc nude ta phat trien nhanh chdng ve sd lucmg va thang diem chuan tuyen sinh eiing linh boat hon Dieu dd da it nhieu md rdng eo hgi tiep can vdi giao due dai hge cdng ddng Nhu vay, phai ehang dinh hirdng phat triln he thdng giao due dai bgc d nude ta dang di theo hai hudng: dgi hoc tinh hoa va dgi hge dgi chiing? Theo kinh nghiem eiia cae qude gia cdng giao due dai bgc, he thdng phai duge to chue, van hanh cho cang ed nhieu ngudi duge tiep can va hudng lgi cang tot Chung ta da timg thiy nhiing gigt nude mat lo lang ciia nhiing ngudi me ngheo eon thi dd thu khoa din ba trudng dai hge nhung khong c6 tien de eho 60 sd 805 (thang 11 nam 2009) tiep can va hudng su binh dang giao due dai bgc Duong nhien, de hien thue hda npi dung nay, thi dang sau dd la mdt loat cac van de nan giai, ndi com, ehang ban, van de hpc phi va cac trg giiip khae cho cac em Viec cho sinh vien ngheo vay tien an hpc duge Chinh phii thue hien thdi gian gan day la mot chinh saeh cdng rat dang kl lam rd hon quan diem eiia Dang va Nha nude ddi vdi djnh hudng phat trien giao due dai hge cua dit nude theo chieu hudng md rdng co hdi tiep can va timg bude tao sir binh dang ve co hgi giao due dai hge cho mpi ngudi Tuy nhien, di ddi voi viec lam tren day, ciing can nghiem tue loai trir Dai hoc Lao dpng - Xa hpi Nghien ciiu - Trao doi nhirng co sd giao due dai hpc, cao ding mac dii da dupe cap phep boat dpng, nhung nang lire mpi mat lai qua yeu kem, co sd vat chit cho dao tao thi thue mugn, chap va, chat lupng dao tao thap Md rpng co hpi tiep can va tao sir binh dang giao due dai hpc eho cpng dong khong dong nghia vdi su bat chap tat ca C6 nhieu nude tren the gioi, de tao eo hpi giao due dai hpc rdng md (ehang ban d My), hp khong to chue nhiing ky thi tuyen duge tieu chuin h6a thong nhat toan qude Tham chi, c6 trudng dai hpc khong can eii vao ket qua thi cii ma van tiep nhan sinh vien vao hpc He thong giao due dai hpc d nude luon cd gang tiep nhan cae sinh vien ea kha nang eua hp ban ehe bj tan tat ve the xac hay khiem khuyet ve tn tue, hoac nhiing sinh vien mdi nhap eu chua thue su thao tieng Anh Giao due dai hpc d My ludn eo cho cho mpi doi tugng, mpi nguyen vpng, mpi lua tuoi, mpi kha nang Song, dieu khdng ddng nghia la d nude My khong coi trpng giao due dai hpc tinh hoa Khong phai bat ky mot eong dan nao d day cung c6 CO hpi nhu de vao cac trudng danh tieng nhu Havard, Stanford, v.v Nhung doi vdi nhiing ngudi cd it nang luc hon, hp van c6 the duge thu nhan vao nhiing tnrdng cd tieu chuan thap hon Yeu eau ve hpc van thudng tang dan ve cuoi kh6a hpc, tham ehi yeu eau trinh dp eao hon chi thue sir dat d cac chuong trinh cao hge Dieu dd giiip cho ngudi hge thich nghi dan vdi each hge d bac dai hge va md them co hgi cho hg hoan viec hge tap theo yeu cau de cd the nhan bang tdt nghiep - Trao quyen tu chii thue su cho cac CO sd giao due dai hoc Trong nhieu thap nien qua, eae co sd giao due dai hge d nude ta deu chiu su quan ly true Tpp chf C^ng sdn tilp ciia Eg Giao due va Dao tao ve ehi tieu, tieu chuan toyen sinh, chuong trinh dao tao, yeu eau tot nghiep va cac quy dinh ve tuyen dung giang vien, mue hge phi Moi day, Bg da trao eho cac trudng dai bgc quyen duge tu lua chgn giao trinh va tu chiu trach nhiem quan ly cae chuong trinh giao due, dao tao Tiep theo, Bg Tai chinh eong bo du thao quy ehe thi diem trao quyen tu chii cho tnrdng bgc, d6 co cae co sd giao due dai hge Tiln tdi tat ea cac nha trudng se thue hien quan ly theo quy djnh cua Luat Doanh nghiep va cac ehe djnh ciia nhirng luat hen quan Day c6 thi eoi la bude khdi dau cua 16 uinh cai each he thdng giao due dai hge nude nha cho phu hcrp vdi xu the chung cua the gidi Giao su Nguyen Van Chien* cho ring: Trudng hge gidng nhu xi nghiep kinh doanh dae biet, san xuat nhimg hang hda dae biet la tam hdn, tri tue eon ngudi Nhirng trudng nao "san xuat gioi", se la dja chi tao "san pham chat lugng cao" va c6 uy tin xa hgi Giao su Ho Nggc Dai cung dong tinh vdi viee giao quyen tu chu cho cae tnrdng dai hge, nd bieu hien sir hcrp ly ca ve trinh dp nang lire va qua trinh xay dung thuong hieu giao due Uy tin ve chat lucmg dao tao ciia timg trudng dai hpc phai chinh cac giao vien va cac nha quan ly cua trudng d6 quyet djnh De xay dung uy tin, moi giang vien ciing can duge tu chu va tu chju trach nhiem ve nhirng quyet dinh cua minh doi vdi timg mon hpc va doi vdi sinh vien Tit ca nhung dieu d6, duong nhien, la vin dl sdng eon ma moi trudng dai hpc phai tu quylt djnh Nhirng trudng dai hpc mudn tuyIn duge nhilu sinh vien c6 chat lugng cao dlu phai la nhirng trudng thue sir c6 uy tin ve chit lugng giang day Triet ly an chiia dang sau su trao quyIn tu chu cho giao due dai hge * Nguyen Pho Vien truomg Vi?n Khoa hpc Vi?t Nam So 805 (thiing 11 n^m 2009) Nghien ciiu - Trao doi the hien tinh dan chu, su tin tudng vao gia tri binh dang co hpi va canh tranh lien tue de hoan thien va phat trien giiia cac co sd giao due dai hpc vdi Cd the eoi eo sd giao due dai hpc duge trao quyen tu ehii la mdt loai doanh nghiep dae biet va nhu vay, nen ehang, co quan chii quan ehi tham gia quan ly d pham vi ho trg tai ehinh, giam sat su dung tai ehinh va "nghiem thu" hieu qua ehii khdng true tiep tham gia quan ly, to chire cac boat dpng hang cua cac eo sd dai hpc, nhat la van de mang tinh hpc thuat, ehuyen mdn Liic nay, mpi boat dpng eiia co sd dai hpc deu nim dudi su dieu chinh va giam sat eua luat phap Viee trao quyen tu chii cho eae co sd giao due dai bgc la mot quyet sach nhim phat huy nguon lire eiia cae phan kinh te, nang cao chat lu(?ng djch vu, ddi mdi phucmg thiic quan ly, phii hgp vdi thue tien phat trien cua nen kinh te thi trudng Va nhu vay, de tdn tai va phat trien, cae eo sd giao due dai hge phai bao dam cung cap cac dieh vu giao due cd chat lugng nhat, linh boat nhat, da dang nhit, dap iing ddi hdi cua ngudi bgc va eua ca xa hdi, tao thudc chinh xac nhat, khach quan nhat, sir kiem nghiem tdt nhat ve chit lucmg dao tao T p p chf C d n g s d n se dap iing rdng rai nhu eau, nguyen vpng, kha nang va dieu kien khae eua ngudi hpc Sinh vien eo the den ldp hoac hpc tur xa qua sii dung nhirng phuong tien cdng nghe mdi Hai la, tinh linh boat thi hien d chd sinh vien ciing chuyen nganh khdng bat bude phai hpc tat ea cac mdn nhu ma cd the lira ehpn nhiing mdn hpc phu hcrp voi kha nang, hiing thii va djnh hudng tuong lai eiia minh, khdng bat bupe phai tuan theo mdt trat tir cac mdn hoc cd dinh hay sd lugng ed dinh cac mon hpc, ma theo hoan canh, nguyen vpng, hp chi can dap ung nhung yeu eau nha trudng quy dinh de cd the nhan bang tot nghiep Sinh vien eo the tam ngung hoc mot thdi gian hoac ehuyen ddi tiir dai hpc sang dai hpc khae ma van duge bao luu ket qua da hpc; ed the hpc d trudng dai hpc gan nhat de tiet kiem chi phi rdi hpc tiep d trudng dai hoc khae de nhan bang nhu mong mudn Chinh su linh boat va lien thdng giira cac trudng dai hpc se gdp phan dua ty le nhung ngudi hpc dai hpc d nude ta len cao; ddng thdi tang cudng tinh xa hpi hda giao due, dao tao Sir linh boat cdn phai duge the hien d khau tuyen sinh Nen coi dilm thi tuyIn sinh la mot - Bao dam tinh da dang va linh nhirng can eii dl xet tuyIn cung vdi kit qua cae ky thi danh gia qua trinh hpc tap ldp hoat giao due dai hoc cudi cip d trudng trung hpc phd thdng Co sd Su da dang va linh boat giao due dai giao due dai hpc ed uy tin phai la noi chit hge the hien d cac phuong dien: lugng "dau vao" khdng ddi hdi qua cao nhung Mdt la, da dang ve loai hinh trudng, cip lai cd ty le sinh vien tdt nghiep trudng va eo bang cap va ebirong trinh dao tao Trong he hdi CO viec lam eao Coi giao due dai hge nhu thdng giao due dai bgc, cac trudng eong va mdt chile ciu thang va khuyin khich cae ca tnrdng tu vdi quy mo, co sd vat chit, phuong nhan bude len cang cao cang tdt theo nguyen thue quan ly, td ehirc va boat dgng khae vgng va nang luc eua hg Tir dd, hp ed dilu eiing tdn tai va boat ddng hieu qua se phat huy kien cai thien cudc sdng va vi tri xa hdi ciia duge the manh ciia mdi loai hinh nha trudng minh de khdng ngiing hoan thien ban than, dap Chuong trinh dao tao da dang vl yeu ciu, thdi ling eae nhu eau phat trien cua ca nhan va dit gian, chuan mue, ndi dung, phucmg phap ciing nude 62 S6 805 (thang 11 nam 2009) Nghiien cuu - Trao ddi - Phat huy nang lut sang tao ca nhan ciia nguoi hoc Yeu cau eua giao due dai hpc lien quan tdi npi dung kien thue va kha nang tilp thu kiln thirc cua sinh vien Hp phai la chti thi ciia eong cuoc khai thac kien thiic, tim nhiing thong tin mdi, sang tao va phat minh nhirng each tilp can kien thiic mdi me Vi the viec hpc d dai hpc khdng chi la viec ghi nhd mot each thuan nhiing kien thiic c6 san saeh vd hay nhiing kien thiic giang vien tmyen dat ma la mot eong cuoc tim toi, kham pha, thii nghiem, phan tich, tong hgp, dd sinh vien phai thue su tich cue tham gia ciing vdi giang vien mot each chii dgng va ddc lap Nhu vay, sinh vien phai hge eae ky nang phan tich, tong hgp nhiing thong tin tiep nhan va each sir dung ky nang d6 vao viec chinh phuc nhiing kiln thue mdi Noi each khae, giao due dai hge phai coi hge tap la qua trinh san sinh tri thirc, tue la qua trinh doi hdi d ngudi hge sir chu dpng va sang tao thay vi phuong phap giang day dai hpc dang tdn tai kha phd bien hien la dat ngudi hpc d vao vj tri thu dpng, khong khoi day va phat huy nang luc phan bien, phe phan va tu sang tao ciia ngudi hpc Phuong phap giang day dai hpc hien d eae nude phat trien la tang cudng giao tiep, trao doi giua giang vien va sinh vien, thong qua cac buoi thao luan, lam viec nhdm, cae buoi thuyet trinh cua sinh vien hay bao cao trao doi hpc thuat ciing nhu bao eao nghien ciiu phong thi nghiem Dilu dd se gdp phan quan trgng viec ren luyen tu sang tao cho sinh vien Tnrdng dai hge thue thu la moi tnrdng cho hat gidng sang tao duge gieo mam va phat triln Cac trudng dai hge nen quan tam din viee phat trien nang lire tu dgc lap va quan tam tdi dae diem ciia timg ca nhan ngudi hge Ty le giang vien/ sinh vien thap la dilu kien tdt dl T p p chf C d n g s d n hg cd the tiep can va tiep nhan su giup dd, hudng dan true tiep cua cac giang vien Gia tang viec to chiie cac buoi gap gd, trao ddi ea pham vi hge thuat va phi hge thuat giira cac tnrdng dai hge ciing la each de sinh vien c6 dieu kien md rgng kien thue chuyen nganh va kien thiie xa hgi Giao due dai hge hudng tdi su quan tam den timg ca nhan ngudi hge thong qua cac boat dgng ngoai khoa ctia eae to chue nhu cau lac bg, hiep hgi sinh vien giiip sinh vien c6 eo hgi tu the hien va phat huy kha nang eiia nrinh To chue cac djch vu sinh vien nhu hd trg ve hge thuat hay tam ly cung la nhung bilu hien rd net cua giao due hudng tdi ea nhan, tir d6, hudng tdi viec dao tao ngudi toan dien Sinh vien duge dao tao sau mot ehuyen nganh, song cung can co sir hieu bilt nhit dinh doi vdi cac linh vuc hge vin khae Dilu dd khong chi giup eho sinh vien hiiu bilt rgng, thoa man duge nhieu himg thu ciia ca nhan ma phat hien duge nhiing nang lire tilm in khae, giup hg tu tin hon - Giao due dai hoc mang tinh chuyen nghiep cao ket hop vdi su tham gia tich cue ciia gia dinh ngudi hoc Tinh chuyen nghiep eao giao due dai hge, trude het, yeu cau dgi ngii giang vien va can bd quan ly phai duge dao tao chuyen nghiep Ddi ngii la nhiing ngudi dat duge chuan mue nhat djnh ve kien thiic va phuong phap su pham hay quan ly giao due Hon the, hg cdn la cae ehuyen gia ve linh vuc duge dam nhan va ludn duge boi dudng ky nang, cap nhat kiln thiie, thu nhan thong tin mdi ve cac tiln bg cua khoa hge - eong nghe de dua vao ndi dung giang day va (juan ly Giang vien d eae trudng dai hge tien tdi phai dat trinh tiln si hoac bing cap cao ITnh vuc giang day ciia minh Ty le tien si d eae So 805 (thang 11 nam 2009) 63 Nghien ctiu - Trao doi trudng dai hge hudng tdi phai (lat khoang 90% - 95% tdng sd nhan luc true dip tham gia giang day Ben canh tinh chuyen nghiep eao cua giang vien, cin coi trgng sir tham gia tich cue eiia gia dinh qua trinh giao due em hp Vai tro eua gia dinh khdng ehi d djnh hudng nghi qua viec ehpn tnrdng hpc cho cai ma d viee tham gia eiing nha trudng giao due, ren luyen sinh vien Nen khuyen khich cha me sinh vien toi tham trudng, tham quan cac thilt bj hpc tap, eo sd vat chat, dich vu sinh vien va gap gd, trao ddi, hop tae vdi giang vien dl ho trg viee hge tap, ren luyen cua em hg Td chiic nhiing "hdi nghi phu huynh" nham that chat them moi lien he giiia nha trudng voi gia dinh va sinh vien de thdng bao ljch bgc, nhung tich, ket qua hpc tap tu dudng cua sinh vien eho gia dinh, tham ehi eho chinh quyen d dja phucmg noi gia dinh sinh vien eu tni Dieu dd giiip gia dinh va dja phuong ludn co thong tin can thiet ve eae em, tir dd ed the ket hcrp ciing nha trudng viec giao due sinh vien, xay dung niem tu hao eho mdi gia dinh, dja phuong va ehinh ban than hp, gdp phan thue day ddng eo hpc tap va cdng hien cho que huong, dat nude - Su tumig dong voi nen giao due khu vuc va the gidi xu the toan cau hda Ngay nay, su hen ket, md rdng quan he dl nang cap giao due bae dai hpc khong phai la van de mdi, nhung trude yeu cau hdi nhap, hinh thire cang can phai duge thiic diy manh me hon Vi vay, ddi hoi ngoai viee chii trpng giang day nhirng mdn ly thuyet sat hgp vdi dieu kien cu the eiia mdi nude, cae trudng dai hoc can md rdng phucmg thire giang day va hudng din each iing dung nhirng ly thuylt da hpc vao thue te Neu phucmg phap duge thue hien rdng ngoai pham vi mdt trudng S6 805 (thang 11 nam 2009) Tpp chf c a n g sdn dai hpc va ngoai pham vi qudc gia, thi sinh vien se ed nhilu eo hdi hien thue hda nghe nghiep ma hp theo dudi Gia tri cua tam bang tdt nghiep dai hpc ma hp dat duge se Idn hon, dem lai eho hp ddng co, thii nghe nghiep va lgi ich eao Khi trudng, hg cd the viing tin vao cdng viee eiia minh Cac trudng dai hpc, nhat la d khoi nganh khoa hpc ung dung, can chu ddng xay dung quan he dn djnh va chat ehe vdi cdng dong va eae doanh nghiep dja phuong de cd ke hoach dao tao sat hcrp, dap iing diing nhiing yeu cau cung ung nhu cau lao ddng qua trinh phat trien kinh te - xa hdi eiia dia phuong; ddng thdi, nen tan dung su iing hd eua cgng ddng va cae doanh nghiep ve ngudn tai chinh, ve mdi trudng va co sd vat chat - ky thuat, cdng nghe eho sinh vien thue tap, hge nghe Tinh thue tien eiia giao due dai hpc dang dat yeu eau vdi cac trudng dai hpc phai luon nang cap eo sd vat chat, phuong tien day va hoc de giiip sinh vien duge tiep can vdi eong nghe hien dai O ldp hpc va khu ky tue xa, sinh vien duge sir dung in-to-net va he thdng thu vien lien mang mien phi tim kiem thong tin phuc vu hpc tap va nghien cihi Thdng qua su lien ket dao tao ed tim quoe te, eae trudng dai hpc ehu trpng cung cip eae khda hpc da dang ve qude te, tiln tdi yeu cau bat bude ddi vdi mdt sd nganh hpc sinh vien phai hpc nhung mdn hpc chung ciia giao due dai hpc duge qudc te hda, ke ca ngoai ngu, dl cd the nhan chimg chi hpc tap; giup sinh vien CO nhiing chuyen di thue te nang eao bilu bilt ve ddi sdng kinh te, van hda - xa hdi cae nude khae Vdi mdt phuong each giao due mdi, gan vdi thue te trude xu the toan ciu boa tai cac trudng dai hpc, hy vpng cac sinh vien tdt nghiep dai hpc ciia nude ta se ed them nhilu eo hdi tim kiem viee lam khdng ehi nude ma cdn ca d nude ngoai Q ... dang sau su trao quyIn tu chu cho giao due dai hge * Nguyen Pho Vien truomg Vi?n Khoa hpc Vi?t Nam So 805 (thiing 11 n^m 2009) Nghien ciiu - Trao doi the hien tinh dan chu, su tin tudng vao gia... trien cua ca nhan va dit gian, chuan mue, ndi dung, phucmg phap ciing nude 62 S6 805 (thang 11 nam 2009) Nghiien cuu - Trao ddi - Phat huy nang lut sang tao ca nhan ciia nguoi hoc Yeu cau eua... trinh tiln si hoac bing cap cao ITnh vuc giang day ciia minh Ty le tien si d eae So 805 (thang 11 nam 2009) 63 Nghien ctiu - Trao doi trudng dai hge hudng tdi phai (lat khoang 90% - 95% tdng sd