HAN6 CAO CHAT lUliNG DAD TAD NGHE THDNG THOI Kl HDI NHAP TRL/ONG MINH TRi* Viet Nam cd nguon lao ddng doi dao, nhung chat lupng lao dpng cdn han che'''' do thieu nguon nhdn luc cd tay nghe Vi vdy, ddo ta[.]
HAN6 CAO CHAT lUliNG DAD TAD NGHE THDNG THOI Kl HDI NHAP TRL/ONG MINH TRi* V iet Nam cd nguon lao ddng doi dao, nhung chat lupng lao dpng cdn han che' thieu nguon nhdn luc cd tay nghe Vi vdy, ddo tao nghe se la mpt nhung uu tien cua nganh giao dye nhdm giai quyet tinh trang "thda thiy thieu thp" De' ndng cao chat lupng dao tao nghe, viec ndng cao chd't lupng nguon nhdn luc dap ung yeu clu sunghipp cdng nghiep hda, hien dai hda va hpi nhdp qud'c te, gdn dao tao vdi giai quye't vipc lam la ye'u td quan trpng NhQng nam qua, cac trudng day nghe da cd nhieu chu tmong, chinh saeh nang cao chd't lupng dao tao nghi Tuy nhien, de' cai thien chd't lupng va hieu qua cua he thd'ng dao tao nghe thdi ki hpi nhdp, theo chiing tdi, cin cfiii y mpt sdvd'ndesau: Chuai dau cho chuong trinh dao tao nghe Cde tmdng tmng cap vd cao dang nghe phai cdng bd chuan dlu ra, ehi rd sau tdt nghiep ngudi hpe cd tri thde, kT ndng gi, lam viee d eae vj tri nao, cd the' hpe taptie'ptuc lien thdng nhu the' ndo TQ dd, khuyen cao vide tra luong eho ngudi tdt nghiep tuong quan vdi eac trinh dp dao tao, cae nganh nghe khae Kien thiifc; kT nang; thai dp; vi tri va kha nang lam viec sau td't nghiep; kha nang hpe tap, ndng eao trinh dp sau tdt nghiep la tieu ehi dugc de cap chuan dlu ciia tmdng Chua'n dau cae nganh dao tao se la co sd de' ngudi hpc tu so sanh, chieu, bdi dudng kien thde eiia minh Ngudi hpc cd the'dya vao chuan dlu de' khie'u nai nha tmdng neu ehua dupc hpe nhung phln kien thil'c ein thiet da neu chuan dlu dao tao, kT nang nghe nghiep, to' chii'c quan Ii Ve trinh dp phai ed bdng elp, tieu chuan bdc thp, chQng chi su pham Vi du: Giang vien (GV) cao cd'p day nghe la vien chuc ehuyen mdn dam nhiem vai trd chu tri, chi dao va thyc hien giang day trinh dp cao ddng nghe; nghien cuu, ung dung Ichoa hpc kT thudt, cdng nghe mdi trang tmdng eao dang nghe GV cao cap day nghe phai cd kha nang thyc hidn dupc 12 nhiem vu nhu: giang day theo module, mdn hpc dupc phdn cdng dat yeu clu ve muc tidu, npi dung, kT nang, phuong phap, cd chit lupng tdt Chii tri thiet ke, cai tie'n, che tao trang thiet bi, phuong tidn day hpc, xdy dyng phdng hpe ehuyen mdn De'fhye hien 6U(3c eac nhiem vy dupc giao, GV cao cap phai dam bao tieu chua'n ve nang lyc: Ndm vung muc tieu, chuong trinh, ke hoach dao tao va kien thde ciia nghe dupc phdn cdng giang day Ddng thdi phai cd hieu biet sdu rdng ve td' chde quan Ii dao tao va san xud't, nhQng tie'n bp khoa hpc kT thuat, cdng nghe mdi eua nghe va cd kha ndng thyc hien thao cae kT ndng cua nghe dupc phdn cdng giang day, cung nhu, biet to chii'c quan Ii dao tao, lao dpng san xud't, djeh vy nghe dupe phdn cdng giang day Ve trinh dp ehuyen mdn, GV cao cap phai cd bdng thac sT va la nghe nhdn, ngudi cd tay nghe bac 6/7,5/6 hoac tuong duong trd len; cd ehung ehi su pham day nghe cho GV day trinh dp cao ddng nghe hoac tuong duong; cd de tai nghien ciiu hoac cdng tiinh khoa hpc cap nganh dugc edng nhdn vd ap dung ed hieu c^ua Chuan cho giao vien day nghe Chuan cho giao vien day nghe ehu yeu ve dao due Doi mdi phuong phap day hpc (PPDH) nghe nghiep, Ici sdng, tae phong, ndng lyc chuyen mdn, De' ndng cao chd't lupng dao tao nghe, ein gdn nang lyc su pham day nghe De dat chuan gido vien chat viec ddi mdi PPDH cua GV vdi doi mdi phuong day nghe quan trpng nhai ia viec nang cao nang lyc phdp hpc ciia sinh vien (SV) cliuyen mdn cung nhu nang lyc su pham day nghe Mdt thuan Ipi Idn hien hd trp ddc lue cho Cu the, ve nhiem vy, quy djnh vien chuc lam cdng viec thye hien bien phap la Quye't djnh sd43/ tac giang day phai dap ung cac yeu elu chung nhu: 2607/ciD-BGDOT 15/08/2007 cua Bd GDkT nang giang day nghiep vy, giao dye dao ddc, nghien cdu khoa hpc, caitie'nkT thudt Ve ndng luc, * Khoa CO che tao ny, TntPng Bai hpc su pham Kl thidt phai ed kien ttiuc hieu biet ve chuong trinh, ke hoach TP Ho Chl Minh Tap chi Gido due so 302 •(kl2-112013) OT ban hanh Quy che dao tao dai hpc va cao ddng hd ehinh quy theo he thd'ng tin ehi dp dyng dai tra tai cae trudng dai hpc - cao dang - nghe tu nam hpc 2007-2008 Hpe chd' ddi hoi dpi ngu GV phai thay dd'i hoan toan PPDH, dlu tu rat nhieu cdng sQc cho vide soan bai giang, gidi thieu chi tie't tai lieu cin 6oc, chu trpng ren luyen kT ndng lam vide nhdm, kT nang tmyen dat, eac kT ndng v l cdng tac thdng tin cho SV, hudng ddn hp thao ludn, nghidn cuu khoa hpe; SV phai thay dd'i hoan toan phuong phap hpc, phai tham gia hpe tap vdi thai dp tich eye, chu ddng tim kiem va tham khao eac tai lieu thieh hpp vdi tQng mdn hpc, tQng chuyen de khae de' dat yeu clu cua mdi tin chi SV phai tu hpe, tu nghien cQu la chinh vdi su tu van cua cd van hpc tap va su djnh hudng cua GV cac mdn hpc Tuy nhien, trdn thuc te, hien viec thay dd'i phuong phdp day chua song hanh vdi su thay dd'i phuong phap hpc cua sd lupng kha ddng SV Theo hpc che tin chi, cac mdn hpc co sd va ehuyen nganh dupc hpc tQ ndm thd nhait ciing vdi eae mdn hpc chung bdl canh ti le SV thich nghi nhanh vdi each hpe mdi khdng cao; phln Idn SV van hpc theo kie'u dd'i phd, de'n luc thi mdi hpc Mudn bao dam chit lupng, (3V se phai cd gdng rat nhieu de' budc SV phai hpc tdp nghidm tiic, ddi luc phai chju dung sy keu ea eiJa SV Ve vide phai tiiam khao "qua nhieu" tai lipu, bj "qua tai" v l cae thdng tin phai xd Ii, td'c dp thuyet trinh chdm kha nang phan tich, td'ng hop tai lidu ciia SV cdn ye'u GV phai giiip ngudi hpc ve kT ndng phan tich, td'ng hpp, lpc tin, kT ndng cd dac thdng tin thuyet trinh tmde Idp, each thde ndm vung dupc cac kien thOc co ban cin thiet gki hpc Cdng vide thudng lam mat nhieu thdi gian eua GV vi pliai giao djeh qua thu dien ti; va tiep SV ngoai gid len Idp, sik chQa cac bai tap tren Idp V i ^ huan luypn cac kTnang nghe nghiep tiiudng ddi hoi dd kidn nhdn cao d ngudi day va y chi, tinh ty giac ngudi hpe Co 80 v^t chat Hipn tai Ha Npi, TP Ho Chi Minh, phln Idn GV deu da su dyng thiet bj may mdc de' giang day va SV cung da quen vdi vipe hpc bdng may Tuy nhien, neu GV khdng tao sy khae biet giua ndi dung bai giang dupc chieu len man hinh vdi ndi dun^ giao trinh, tai lipu tham khao thi sue thu hut cua budi len kip se rat thd'p cac kip khdng did'm danh, hien tupng SV botie'tdo nhQng nguydn nhdn khae nhau, dd ed nguydn nhdn ndi dung bai giang chinh gidng het giao trinh, tai lieu tham khao, vide giang day cua GV phu thude vao eae slide trinh chieu nen SV khdng cd hdng thu hpc tap Vi vdy vide tdm tdt ndi dung, nhd'n manh nhQng did'm quan trpng nhd't va sy phat trie'n md rpng kien thde tren Idp eua ngudi thiy la khdng the' thieu de' SV nhdn thd'y rdng tu dpc giao trinh, tai lieu tham khao se khdng dii, phai de'n Idp du gid giang, phai vao thu vien dpc tai lieu tham khao va ghi chep lai thi mdi ed ket qua hpc tap cao De'cd mdttie!hpc hap din, viec chuan bj bdi giang cua GV phai cdng phu hon, mat nhieutiidigian, cdng sue Nhu vdy vide tang cudng co sd vdt chat, thiet bj hien dai phyc vu cho viec dao tao cua nha tmdng phai di ddi vdi tinh thin trach nhiem cao cua ngudi GV va tinh ty giac eao cua ngudi hpc tJng dyng cdng nghe thdng tin Cdng nghe thdng tin md trie'n vpng to Idn vide dd'i mdi cac phuong phap va hinh thde day hpc Nhung PPDH theo each tiep can kien tap, I^PDH ttieo dy an, day hpe phat hien va giai quyet van de cang cd nhieu dieu kien de' Qng dung rdng rai Cac hinh ttidc day hpc nhu day hpc ddnp loat, day ttieo nhdm, day ea nhdn cung cd nhQng ddi mdi mdi tmdng cdng nghe thdng tin va tmyen thdng Chang han, ca nhdn lam vide tu lyc vdi may tinh, vdi Intemet, day hpc theo hinh thde Idp hpc phdn tan qua mang, d^y hpc qua clu tmyen hinh Neu tmde ngudi ta nhan manh tdi phuong phap day eho ngudi hpe nhd lau, de hie'u, thi phai dat trpng tdm la hinh thdnh va phat trial cho SV eac phuong phap hpc chu ddng Neu tmde ngudi ta thudng quan tdm nhieu dd'n kha ndng ghi nhd kien thde va thyc hanh kT ndng van dyng, thi ehu trpng ddc biet de'n phat trie'n ndng lyc sang tao, ndng luc thuc hien cua SV Nhu vdy, viec chuye'n tQ "lay giao vidn lam tmng tdm" sang "Id'y SV lam tmng tdm" se trd nen d i dang hon *** Vide tie'p tyc phat trie'n he thd'ng giao dye kT tiiudt va dao tao nghe djnh hudng theo nhu clu dupc coi la mdt nhiem vy rat quan trpng qua trinh eai each (hien dai hod, phat trie'n, hdi nhdp vao nen kinh te ttie gkii, hd trp tao viec lam va xda ddi giam ngheo) Chinh phu Viet Nam dang ddt myc tieu tangtt'le lao ddng da qua dao tao tu26% vao nam 2010 len 50% vao nam 2020 (Chien lupe cua Bd LO-TB va XH) Viec Luat Giao duo dupc thdng qua vao nam 2005 va Luat Day nghe dupe thdng qua vao nam 2006 da tao CO sd vQng ehdc cho viectie'ptuc xdy dyng (Xem Hep bang 55) Tap chi Gido due so 302 (ki2-1/2013) han Viec phdn tich cdu hoi trie nghiem ttiudng su dung Li thuyet trie nghiim cd'dien (CTT - Classcal Test Theory) bao gom cacttianhft/uli luan Ben quan den ttiilt kicac cong eu ludng, eac mo hinh dudng cong giai ttiich KQHT va giai ttiich cac ttiong ke v l die'm tmng binh, dp lech chud'n cua die'm so, dp tin cdy va dp phdn bigt ciia bai trdc nghiem, su tuang quan giiia die'm so moi cdu hdi va td'ng dilm toan bai trdc nghiem, va Li thuylt iing dap cdu hdi (Item Response Theoiy - IRT) Theo li thuylt IRT, dp khd cua cdu hdi khong phu thupc vao cac thi sinh tra kii cdu hdi dd va ngupc lai, nang luc cua ttii sinh la bat biln doi vdi cae edu hdi dupc thue hidn Thong qua mo hinh dudng cong ddc trung dupe lira chpn, can Cli vao kit qua lam bai ciia HS, thu tue udc tinh kha ndng kim nhat xde suit ttiong ke dupc su dung nhu mpt thu tuc lap nhdm udc lupng dong thdi eac ttiam so cua edu hdi va ndng luc cila thi sinh Kit qua ctJa vide udc tinh se cho eae kit qua djnh lupng vettiamso eua cdu hdi va ndng luc cua thi sinh eung vdi eae chi so v l dp phu h(7p cua mdi cdu hdi doi vdi mo hinh A\S(ic lua ehpn Li thuyd't h i trp rat tot eho vigc chuan hda cae d l kiem tra va ludng ehinh xac ndng lue eua HS dupc tiln hanh cd muc (!ich, eo k l hogch, gdn vdi eac chud'n danh gia Vide danh gia tren co sd chud'n KT, KN cua mon hpe se hinh each ddnh gia than thiert, tgo su tu tin va hiing thii HT cda HS, gop phln ndng cao chdi lupng giao due d tiudng phd'ttiong • Tai lieu tham khao NguySn Tlij Lan Phuong Ddnh gid ket qud theo chudn kiin thiic, ki ndng chuong trinh gido dfic phd thdng Viet Nam DS tai KH&CN cip B6, ma srf B200737-36, Vifn Khoa hpc giao due Viet Nam H2009 Trin Thj Tuygt Oanh Ddnh gia v4 liiwng kft qua hpc tap NXB Dpi hpc supham, H 2007 NguySn Diic Tham - NguySn Ngpc Hung - Phjm Xuan Qu^ Phmmg phap day hoc Vat li d tnivng trung hpc phd th6ng NXB Dpi hpc suphpm, H 2002 SUMMARY In this paper, we introduce an assessment process of Physics studying results of high school students basing on sidlls and knowledge standards, which contributes to the innovation in teaching methods on the basis of students' feedbacks In order to improve education quality Nhu vdy, OGKQHT cila HS chi cd tac dung NguySn Vi^t Ti^n Li thuyet thiet ki san ph Jm cdng nghidp NXB Khoa hpc vd KI thudt H 2005 (Tiep theo trang 5) Truang Minh Trf - Tr4n DiJc Thdng Ml thuit cdng nghiep Truang Dpi hpc su phpm kl thu^t cac quy djnh vd chiic ndng dilu hanh cila Chinh phil TP Hd Chi Minh, 1997 ITnh vuc giao due kT thugt va dgy nghi ciing Ki ySu Trufirng Dai hpc su pham kl thuSt TP H6 Chi nhu vai tro ciia nin kinh t l Minh nam 2010 Tdm lai, ndng cao chat lupng dao tao nghe tgi Bao cao T6ng kA nam day nghS 2008-2012 tai cae tn/dng kT thudt ehdc chdn rdng se edn la vd'n d l Da NSng, thang 11/2012 biicttiiettrong boi canh chung cua giao due kT ttiudt Website T6ng cue d?y nghS: http://tcdn.pov.vn/ tai Viet Nam Giai quylt bai toan chd't lupng dao tgo SUMMARY nguon nhdn luc ddi hdi phai cd thiii gian, khong ttie mpt, hai ma la mpt qua ttinh chuye'n dpng Vietnam has abundant labor resources, but the ti'ch cue eila eac tmdng Mpt vai bien phap nhd neu quality of labor is limited by the lack of skilled hutien nlu tiln hanh dong bp va quy^ lidt ciing vdi nhilu man resources Therefore, training wiU be one of the priorities of the education sector to address the bign phap khae ma cac tmdng dang dp dung se gdp status "surplus teacher shortage mechanic' Improve phln thiic dd'y qua trinh chuyen dpng nhanh the quality of vocational training to meet the industrialization and modernization of the country To shifthan, manh hon thuc t l U ing to economic development in depth, in order to achieve the above objectives, improving the quality of human resources to meet the requirements of InT i i lifu tham khao dustrialization, modernization and intemaUonalin1 Creamer R H Machine design Addison Wesle tegration training associated with Jobs is an important factor The Vocational School has many guide1984 Ha NguySn Bio Cidorf(ic