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NGHlCNCliuQ KIEM TRA D A N H G I A CONG CU HO TRU QUA TRINH DAY VA HOC XU HUONG MQll CUA THE GI0IVA D A I HOC CHO GlAO DUC DAI HOC HIEN NAY i M d d l u Kilm tra, dinh gi i (KTBG) i i mdt phip do v l c[.]
NGHlCNCliuQ KIEM TRA D A N H G I A - CONG CU HO TRU QUA TRINH DAY VA HOC: XU HUONG MQll CUA THE GI0IVA DAI HOC CHO GlAO DUC DAI HOC HIEN NAY 11lS.TRANflaCHl£u Tiuttng D9I liQc Dif n Ijfc i.Mddlu Kilm tra, dinh gii (KTBG) i i mdt phip v l chit lupng cda vile day v i hpc d cie trudng dal hpe Trong xu t h i ddi mdi phuong phip day v i hpc hiln cda giio dye dai hpe vl|e dinh g i i mang lai Ipi (ch cho el giing vlln v i sinh vlln (SV) bdi vl nd eho phep giing vlln xie djnh dupe nhdng gl SV nim dupe hole khdng nim dupe d l tao dilu kiln eho gilng viin day ed hi^u qui hdn v i SV hpc t i p dat kit qui eao hon Bil vilt niy d l elp d i n vile KTBG hpe t i p nhu l i edng eu hd trp qui trinh day v i hpe theo xu hudng mdi cda t h i gidi td dd rdt bii hpc cho boat ddng KTBG giio due dai hpe cda nude ta hiln Xu hudmg KTDG lipc t i p mdi cua the gidi h i l n 2.1 NhCfng thay doi xu hu&ng KJOG kit qui hgc tdp Trin t h i gidi, td gida thip niln 1980 da bdng nd mdt cudc d c h mang thye sy v l KTOG vdi nhdng thay ddi d n bin c l v l trilt If, quan dilm, phucmg phip v i cic boat ddng cy t h i NhOng thay ddi xu hudng KTOG kit qui hpc t i p dd i i : Nhilu bil t i p da dang sudt q u i trinh hpe Do SV chd ddng; Vile lya chpn d u hdi v i tllu chf dinh g i i dupc nlu rd td trade Nhin manh sy hpp tie; Quan t i m d i n kinh nghiem hpe t i p eda SV; Chd trpng qui trinh; Tip trung vio ning lye thye t l Nhdng thay ddi trin phin i n h rd quan dilm mdi cda giio due lly ngudi hgc v i qud trinh hgc tdp ldm trung tdm cda todn bd cdc hogt ddng gido due, dd cd hogt ddng KTOG Theo quan dilm cda Yoloye (1998), hilu v l qui trinh dua quylt djnh dinh gll l i rlt cin thilt ddi vdi gllo dye d^i hpc v i q u i trinh dinh gii phii cd ylu td clu thinh dudi dly: Mdt thyc t h i dupc dinh gii cd t h i i i mdt sin phlm, m^t q u i trinh ho|c mdt sy hoin thiln; Phip v l mdt thyc t h i hudng tis mdt kit qui bing diim sd, bing d p dd hay cic t h i hiln v l m i t lupng khie Binh g i i djnh lUpng bing d c h gin vio dd mOt gii trj; Gil trj cd t h i d cie dang khic nhu d^t/trupt ho$c loai 1/lo^i 2/l09i 2.2 NhOng igc tntng ca bin cda xu hudng KTOG kit qud hgc tdp mdi - Bdnh gid phdt trien (Formative assessment), thye hiln dinh gii Si phuc vu qui trinh day v i hpc Vdi muc dfch lly thdng tin phin hdi cho giing vlln v i SV, quan t i m d i n hilu qui cda boat ddng giing day vile phit triin ning eda ngudi hpc chd khdng phli l i vile ehdng minh ngudi hpe da dat dupe mdt mdc thinh tich nio dd Binh gii phit triln gidp gilng vlln v i SV dinh gii duoc hilu qui cda d e ho?t ddng giing day cung nhU kit qui tilp thu eda SV, nhim ehl nhdng bude t i l p theo d n thyc hiln Si phit triln nang lye cda SV theo mue t i i u d i d l - Bdnh gid thue tiin (Authentic assessment) bao gdm mpi hinh thdc v i phuong phip ICTBG dupc thyc hiln vdi muc dfch kilm tra d e nang lye eIn cd cudc sdng hing ngiy v i dupe thyc hiln bdi cinh thyc t l Nd ddi hdi SV phli dng dung cie kl ning v i kiln thdc vio vile tao mdt sin phlrh hay thyc hiln mdt kl nang cd t b i dng dung vio nhdng tinh hudng d bin ngoii trudng hpe - Odnh gid sdng tgo (Alternative assessment) nhin manh sy mdi m l , da dang v i sing tao eda nhdng d e h thyc hiln KTBG khie vdi eleh lim truyin thdnc; ^ich dinh g i i niy cung d p nhilu mau dai diln ve vile hpe eda SV Si ning eao tdi da hinh inh v i tilng ndi eda chfnh SV thdng qua nhdng boat dpng v i thinh tfeh da dang cua hp Binh g i i sing tao thudng dupe sd dung nhlm tao ddng eo eho SV, gidp hp ed trich nhilm hon ddi vdi vile hpc cua chfnh minh, l i m eho KTBG trd thinh mdt bd phin thudng trye cda kinh nghiim hpc t i p v i g i n chat nd nhdng boat ddng thyc t i i n cho phip nhin dang va kfch thfch ning sing tao eda SV Ba die trung vda nlu cda xu hudng ICTOG mdi quan dilm giio due hiln dai trin t h i gidi t h i hiln rlt rd tfnh nhin bin v i tinh t h i n lly SV l i m trung t i m , dd muc t i i u cudi edng eda KTOG l i nhlm phit hiln nhdng uu diem v i khic phuc cie nhupc dilm cda SV d l gidp hp phit triln d i n mdc tdi da mpi tilm ning cda minh.Theo quan dilm niy sdn-THlMiniZ'IS |Q9 NGHllNCAl vai trd chd ddng v i vile trao quyin eho SV.Ii h i t sdc eIn thilt: chd ddng vile lya chpn dilu kiln v i phuang phip t h i hiln nang lue eda SV mdt deh tdt nhlt; quan trpng hon l i Suae trao quyin bing cich cung d p dly dd v i kjp thdi nhdng thdng tin phin hdi v l kit qui hpe t i p eua chfnh SV cung nhU cd dilu kiln thio luin v l kit q u i thu dupe vdi giing vlln; td dd ed t h i dua k l hoach khie phuc dilm ylu, phit huy dilm manh hpc t i p eda SV He thdng KTBG dupe xiy dyng v i thue hiln ddng theo quan dilm niy se gdp phin quan trpng vio vile ning eao chit lupng giio due dal hpe Biy chlnh l i nilm tin eda cic nhi giio due trin t h i gidi, l i If tai d c nudc t l l n t l l n trin the gidi dang hit sdc nd lye d l t?o mdt h i thdng KTOG giio due dai hpc theo xu hudng niy 23 Cdc nguyin tdc ICTOG hgc tdp theo xu hudng mil Hogt ddng laOG SV edn bdt ddu vdl viic thiit ldp nhdng gid trj eda gido due Oinh g i i khdng phli l i mue dfch m i l i phUcmg t l l n Si phit triln giio due; B l dinh gii dat hilu qui eao eIn b i t diu bing vile xie djnh rd nhdng g i i trj m i ehdng ta mong mudn SV cd dupe td dd nd lyc gidp hp dat dupe nhdng gl d n dinh g i i v i d e h dinh gii nhu t h i nio Nlu sd mang v i gii tri giio due bj bd qua, hpat ddng dinh gll chl l i vile ludng nhdng dilu don giln chd khdng t h i gidp phit triln nhdng gl chdng ta mong mudndSV lye eda SV nhlm dat dupc ylu elu eda diu Hoot dgng KTOG dgt hiiu qud eao duae to chde thudng xuyen Binh gii l i mdt hpat ddng cd tfnh q u i trinh, tfnh tfeh eye; dupe phit huy nd bao gdm ehudi d e hpat ddng dupe kit ndi theo thdi gian Mue dfch eda vile lim niy nhlm theo ddi sy t l l n bd eda ngudi hpe theo hudng dat din nhdng mue tllu djnh sin v i bin t h i n hpat ddng dinh gii cdng dupe xem x i t djnh kl d l cii t l l n dya trin thdng tin thu nhin dupe Hoof ddng KTDG gdp phdn ndng eao ehdt lugng hgc tdp mdt cd sy tham gia cda nhilu bin liin quan, dd dpi ngu GV l i lye lupng ndng cdt cin bd quin If v i chfnh SV cdng tham gia hudng den muc tllu ning cao chit lUpng hpe tip Hogt ddng KTOG tgo stf khdc biit mdt Suae thtfe hlin dung vd ddp dng ddy dd yiu cdu cda cdc bin liin quan Oinh g i i khdng don giin l i cdng vile thu thip sd lilu rdi dua kit qui, m i l i mdt qui trinh dupe bit diu vdi nhdng elu hdi eda d c bin llln quan, td chdc thu thip v i phin tfch sd lilu, cung d p thdng tin, hudng d i n gidp ning cao chit lupng day vihpe Hoof ddng KTOG chl cd the tgo stf chuyin biin nd dugc tiin hdnh cimg vdi cdc yiu td gidp tgo stf thay ddi, dd l i ning cao chit lupng giio due- ylu clu v l diu dupe xem l i muc tllu hing diu cda nhi trudng, l i trpng t i m eda cdng tie xiy dyng k l hoach, ele quylt djnh v l t i i chfnh hole nhin sy Hoor ddng Kr€>G dgt hiiu qud cao n l u xem hpc Giing viin thuc hiln trich nhilm eda minh ddi t i p cd tfnh da chilu, tfch hop v i t h i hiln kit qui vdi SV v i xa hdi thdng qua hpat ddng KTOG Giing theo thdi gian Hpc t i p l i mdt qui trinh phde tap, vlln ed trach nhilm cung d p eho xa hdi thdng tin bao him khdng ehl nhdng gi SV bilt m i cdn nhdng v l SV dat dupc cic muc t i i u v i kl vpng cda giio due gl SV ed t h i lim vdi su hilu biet dd Oinh g i i d n trich nhilm gdp phan ning eao chit Idpng giio due phin inh t i t c l nhdng ylu td trin bing d e h sd v i xa hdi cd trich nhilm ho trp nhi trudng gidp SV dung d c phuong phip dinh gii khic nhlm dat dupc d e muc t l l u dd phit hiln cic ning luc thuc su, sd dung thudng ICTDG giao due dai hoc hien v i xuyln theo thdi gian Si phit hiln suthay ddi, phit bai hoc ldnh nghiem triin v i mdc dd tich hpp 3.1 Thuc trgng KTOG gido due Hal hgc Hoflf ddng laOG dUge tiin hdnh thudn igi chuang trinh hgc Sa dupc xiy dyng cic mue tllu rd ring v i eu thi Oinh gii l i mdt qui trinh dupc djnh hi/dng bdi muc tiiu, bao him vile so sinh nhdng kit qui giio due vdi d c mue tllu v i ki vpng duoc xiy dyng trin sd mang cda nhi trudng, chd dinh cda gilng vlln v l chuefng trinh v i mdn hpe edng nhu mue dich cda SV Nhdng muc tllu ro ring v i cd tfnh thi l i hdn d i ting cho boat ddng dinh gii hiin KTOG xdc dinh ehUa ddy dO mue dich khiin qud trinh gido due thiiu tinh phdt trien Cich thUe hiln KTOG eda chung ta hiln chd ylu vdi muc tllu tdng kit qui trinh d l dua nhdng kit luin v i ning lyc eda SV m i ft quan t i m din mue tiiu phit triln ning lue SV NhOng boat ddng mang tfnh phit triln toin diln v i b i n vdng nhu ki nang suy luin, tu logie phin doin, lim vile theo nhdm hay trinh biy Hoor ddng KTOG cdn chii trgng din ddu cdng mdt vin d l tofdc dim ddng; t i t d diu ed t b I bj bd nhu nhijrng gl c6n cd di dgt duge ddu dd Di ning qua vl chdng khdng tafe tilp lim ting dilm sd dat eao chit lupng diu ra, d n bilt nhdng gl ngudi hpc dUOctOdcklthL KTOG nghia ndn vi phuang phdp idm cho tfch ldy dupc sudt qui trinh hpc, bilt v l chucmg trinh dio tao, v l boat ddng gilng day v i nhdng nd gido due thiiu thtfe tiin Cic phUOng p h i p KTOG ll*KNUifcatimc NGHI£N CUU Q dang dupc sd dyng phd biln hi^n chd y l u v i n thyc trang KTOG giio due dai hpe hiln nay, cd l i td ele b i l thi t r i n gily; hinh thdc niy chi phu t b I rdt mdt sd kinh nghiim eho giio due dai hpe hpp d l ehdng minh vile nim vdng kiln thdc sleh nhu sau: Thilt lip mdt cich day dd nhdng gii tri giio vd; vdl hinh thdc ty luin cd phin nio cho phip SV chdng td ki ning li luin, diin dat bing ngdn ngd due d l td dd djnh hudng d c boat ddng giio due eda v i trinh biy kiln thdc theo mdt elu trde hop li.Tat nhi trudng nhiln, diy l i nhdng ning lye m i SV d n cd nhung Xiy dung phuang phip, edng eu dinh gia da chdng khdng phii l i toin bd ning lyc m i hp cin dang v i toin diln cie mat nhin cich SV ed cudc sdng hing ngiy Nhdng nang lue ndi Xiy dyng cic muc tllu chung v i eu t h i l i ylu trin d n thilt t h i gidi hin llm nhung clu bit budc ddi vdi chuong trinh giio due dai hpe thye t l cdn rlt nhilu ki ning khie m i SV eIn cd Gin kit ddng bd giOa ndi dung dinh gii v i nhu ki ning ty phit hiln v i gill quylt v i n Si, kl cic chuln diu eda cic trudng dai hpe ning xd If tinh hudng, ki ning ddc l i p v i sing tao, Phit triln md hinh dinh gii mdi dd ed kining hpp tie v i thuong lupng Vdl d e h dinh sy tham gia eda epng ddng, doanh nghiip, eo quan gii hiln nay, nhdng ki nang niy khdng Suae phit nen' d e SV nam cudi thye t i p tdt nghiip thdng qua hl^n, khuyin khich, dilu niy i n h hudng d i n thii Hd so bpc t i p gidp SV tiip cin vdi thyc tien xa hdi v i dd bpc t i p cda SV cdng vile ICT€)G chd yiu tdp trung vdo kiim tra kiin thtfe, Cd chfnh sich v i thilt ehl eu thi, rd ring xem nhe hode ehua xdy dtfng duge nhiiu phuang phdpnhlm ring bude trich nhilm eda ele nhi tuyin cu thi di ddnh gid kindng vd thdi dd hoc tdp cda SV dung, d e doanh nghiip, cdng ddng xa hdi ddi vdi KTBG ehua ed stf ddng bd giOa ndi dung ddnhsy nghiip gllo due Thilt lip diln din ddi thoai djnh kl gida nhi gid vd cdc ehudn ddu eiia cdc trudng dgi hgc, khdng it chuln diu v l ki ning chua dupe dinh gll mpt trudng v i cdng ddng x i bdi d c h dly dd TAILIIUTHAMKHAO KTi)G d dgi hgc chd yiu Id trdeh nhlim cua ddi Vd Thi Phuong Anh, Kiim tra, ddnh gid di ngu GV, It cd stf tham gia cda cdc Itfc lugng xd hdi khdc KTOG mang tinh dp ddt nin khdng khuyin phuc vu hgc tdp: Xu hUdng mdi cua the gidi vd bdi hgc khich dugc tinh chd ddng vd sdng tgo eda SV c/ioWlf Worn, 2006 Ll Van Hlo, Chin nguyin tdc ddnh gid hgc tdp qud trinh hgc HI thdng KTOG biln ft tao co hdi cho SV lya chpn t b I hiln nang lyc cda minh v i dilu eua Hoa Kl vd doi ehiiu vdi tinh hinh ddnh gid d Viet niy lim ban c h l rlt nhilu tinh ehu ddng v i sing tao Nam, Tap chf Tim II hpe 2011 Nguyin Phuong Nga, Gido due dgi hgc- ehdt cdaSV Kindng KTOG eda gidng viin d dgi hoc edn lugng vd ddnh gid, NXB Oai hpe Qudc gia H i Ndi, 2005 Ll Ode Ngpc, Gido due dgi hgc, NXB 0?i hpc thiiu ligt; Phin Idn cic gilng vlln ft dupe dio tao v l KTOG giio dye dai hpc theo xu hudng mdi v i Qudc gia Hi Ndi, 2004 Llm Quang Thilp, Oo lUdng vd ddnh gid dd hp bi thilu hyt nhdng ki ning v l mat KTOG Sy thilu hyt niy dSn d i n cic hlu q u i t l l u eye: 1/ gido due, OHQQHN,20Q\ Maritim, E, Stf ddnh gid gido due dgi hgc Gilng vlln nhin thdc sal c l v l myc dfch v i cic hinh thdc dinh g l l ; 2/ Xie djnh nhilm vu dudi tam nhin Bdi tham ludn tgi Hgi thdo khu vtfc vi Dgy vd Hgc d dgi thdc sl ban ehl ning SV phit triln ndi dung hgc, Trudng dal hpc Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, mdn hpc; 3/ Gilng viin sd dung chua hpp li cac bii Nam Phi, 1999 thi l i m ting ndi lo Ilng cho SV; 4/ Chua t h i biln Yoloye, E.A Wee ddnh gid d dgi hgc, Bdi tham rd n i t v i dly dd mdi llln h i gida cic mue t l l u vdi tudn tgi Hdi thdo UNESCO ve Dgy vd Hgc d dgi hpc, Oai phuong phip, ndi dung v i k i t q u i dinh g i i ; 5/ Khi hpc Ibadan, Nigeria, 1998 giing day cho nhdng Idp ed sd SV ddng nhu hien nay, cic giing vlln khdng dat dupc hilu q u i SUMMARY vile cung d p cho SV thdng tin phin hdi v l hpc t i p , The article Is focused on analyzing testing and chf cho SV b i l t nhOng gl hp cd t h i lim Si d i assessment of learning as a tool which supports thiln kit q u i hpc t i p v i tao mdi quan h i tuong teaching and learning process in line with the new trend tic true t i l p dly dd woridwlde, based on which to draw lessons for testing and assessment exercise In higher education of our 3J Bil hgc cho gUo difc do/ hgc hlin Trin CO sd nghiln cdu xu hudng KTDG kit qui country at present hpc t j p trin t h i gidi v i v i ^ tim hilu nguyin nhin s6i3-nllKI/2S12*n ... 5/ Khi hpc Ibadan, Nigeria, 1998 giing day cho nhdng Idp ed sd SV ddng nhu hien nay, cic giing vlln khdng dat dupc hilu q u i SUMMARY vile cung d p cho SV thdng tin phin hdi v l hpc t i p , The... cua ddi Vd Thi Phuong Anh, Kiim tra, ddnh gid di ngu GV, It cd stf tham gia cda cdc Itfc lugng xd hdi khdc KTOG mang tinh dp ddt nin khdng khuyin phuc vu hgc tdp: Xu hUdng mdi cua the gidi vd bdi... gidi dang hit sdc nd lye d l t?o mdt h i thdng KTOG giio due dai hpc theo xu hudng niy 23 Cdc nguyin tdc ICTOG hgc tdp theo xu hudng mil Hogt ddng laOG SV edn bdt ddu vdl viic thiit ldp nhdng gid