TRAO OOI I S l PHirONG PHAP VIET CAC MUC TIEU NHAN THUTC TRONG DAY HOC I Ditvindl Xrong thUe t i ln day hpc ddng trude mdt npi dung day hpc ngudi day thudng gap khd khin trong vile xie djnh loai tri t[.]
TRAO OOI I S l PHirONG PHAP VIET CAC MUC TIEU NHAN THUTC TRONG DAY HOC TS.TA QUANG TUAN TrifAngBalhQcNaiYuHiNil I.Ditvindl Xrong thUe t i l n day hpc ddng trude mdt npi dung day hpc ngudi day thudng gap khd khin vile xie djnh loai tri thdc nio ed npi dung dd v i mde dp nhin thde nio l i phd hpp vdi ngudi hpc, Nhdng v i n d l niy ddi hdi dpi ngd ngudi day phii dupe trang bi h i thdng tri thde v l li luin nhin thde v i cich thde v i n dyng nd q u i trinh giing day Phin loai cic- mtfc n h i n thtfc cua ngtfdi hoc Vile phin Ioal muc tilu ITnh vUe nhin thde dugc tiln hinh td nim 1956 bdi Benjamin S Bloom v i d c edng su gdm mdc dd: Hilu bilt - LTnh hdi - Ap dyng - Phin tfch -Xdng hpp - Danh g i i [1,37] Theo Bloom, ed t h i ed p hip phin Ioal thu hep theo myc tllu ehinh sau dly: (1) Ghi nhd, (2) Qng dung, (3) Giii quylt vin di [3,246-250] Bin eanh do, edn cd mdt phip phin loai phd biln cua Quellmalz (1985) bao gdm Ioal: Nhle lai, Phan tfch So sinh, Suy luin, v i Oinh g i i [9, 8-9] Mdt xu hudng khic dinh gii ning lue nhin thdc l i dUa t h i m hai mdc dp nhin thdc d mde cao, dd l i ning chuyin giao v i ning sing tao [5,82-84] Tie g i i Nguyin Ode Chlnh d i dda d p dp nhin thde nhu sau: Bilt - Hilu - Cfng dyng - Phan tich - Tdng hpp - Oinh g i i - Chuyin giao - Sing tao [2,66-67] Tuy nhiln, hon 50 nim sau ddi phep phin loai myc t i l u su pham cda Bloom, sd biln ddi t o i n elu hda v i xu hudng edng tic manh m l gida d e xa hpi ddi hdi phli cd cic h i thdng myc tilu su pham phu hop hon Xult phit td nhu clu do, hpe trd eua S Bloom l i t i l n sT Lorin Anderson (Oai hpc Chicago - Hoa ky) v i edng sU eu eua Bloom l i t i l n si David Krathwohl d l hilu dinh p h i p phin loai muc t i l u su pham eda Bloom v i xiy dung mdi h i thdng d e myc tilu su pham, die bilt l i ITnh vuc nhin thde Hai tie g i i niy d l di xuat d e myc tilu sd pham ITnh vUe nhin thdc theo chilu: Chiiu quy trinh nhdn thdc vd ehiiu tri thdc [6], [7], [8o46] Chi t i l t v l phip phin loai niy dupc chdng tdi md t i mohinh Su khic ein bin hai eich phin loai gida Bloom v i Anderson tn/dc h i t l i vile sd dyng thuat ngd di md t i quy trinh nhin thdc; sU xuat hiln myc tilu "sing tao" quy trinh nhin thde Bloom sddyng cic danh tdnhd: Sy hilu bilt-Tri thdc (Knowledge); SU linh hpi - Hieu (Comprehenston); Su i p dyng (Application) - Su phan tieh (Analysis) Su tdng hpp (Synthesis) - Su dinh g i i (Evaluation) Myc tieu ve tri thuc -s •s •E •a F Sang tao E Danh g i i D Phan tich C Ap dyng B Hieu A Nhd f I t Khii I C3 B2 Al Quan alim cH - 01 mute Of Hudng din dinJi dta hai cap d^ Id cdn thiit di thay dSi t^ quan diim cU sang quan diim mdi • Nguin: AnderKn, L (2004, May) Revised Bloom s Tcaonom) Paper prefentated at Nottfa Calcrina career and Tecfaoual Education Cuiricurhun Development Training, Raleigh, NC HIn/i l:HAdhlnh visuphdn kigicua Bloom vd nhdn thdt lgisUphin /oo/oJo Bkxxn Sli7f-THAlK1/2t12e45 I^TRAODSI Trong dd, Anderson lai sd dyng dpng td 64 md t i quy trinh nhin thde nhU: Nhd (Remember) - Hieu (Understand) - H i n h dpng i p dyng (Apply) - Hinh dpng phin tfch (Analyze) - Hanh dpng d i n h g i i (Evaluate) - Hinh dpng sing tao (Create) Ben canh dd, Anderson edn dua eie myc tieu nhin thdc t i n g dan theo mde dp trtiu tUpng eda tri thde nhU: Tri thde v l thUe tiln (Factual Knowledge) - Tri thdc v l khii n i l m (Conceptual Knowledge) - Tri thde v l quy trinh (Procedural Knowledge) - Tri thdc v l sieu nhin thde (Metacognitive Knowledge), TrSn co sd phin loai dd, Anderson & Krathwohl d i md t i eie myc tilu tiong phep phin loai eda minh ehi tilt bing v i 2; ddng thdi md t i hinh vi dat dUpe xiy dung eie myc t i l u nhin thdc bing 4, Lly vi dy theo hinh 1, vj tri A l l i myc ti#u y l u elu mdc dp nhd v l tri thde thue tlln; B2 la muc tilu hilu v l khii niem; C3 l i myc ti#u i p dyng tri thdc ed tinh quy trinh, Nhu viy, tuong dng mdi d vj tri A l , B2, C3 1i mdt mue tilu nhin thde Bdng Phdn logi mue tiiu nhdn thdc theo logi tri thde cda Anderson & Krathwohl - 2000 Loai trl thiirc 1.Thuc tiln Trl thiJe vl thUe ti4n \i tri thde lim eo sd cho eie mdn h9c chuyin ng^nh Od li cic SI/ ki^n quan trpng, cie thuit ngCr, kl hi^u, eie ehi tiit vi thinh phSn Ngudi hoc dn phii biit hoic quen thude vdi tri thiire niy d l thue hi^n ho|e giii quyit vin d i hoc t$p 2.Khii niem Tri thOrc vi khdl ni^m li trl thi}e vi sU phin io^i, vi eie nguyin tic, v i su khii quit, v i cie If thuyit hoic li cie ciu trOc phO hi^p pham vi nio dd Quy trinh Tri thOre vi quy trinh li tri thiJrc dudi dang thdng tin hoic tri thOrc giup ngudi hoc cich thye hiin v£n di mdn hoe ho|c ph^m vl nghlin olu eCla mlnh Nd dUde thi hiin dudi cie phuong phdp hudng din, eie ki ndng die biit, eie thuit toin, kl thuit vi cic phudng phip luin chuyin nginh Siiu nhin thiirc Trl thdrc vi sliu nhin thOfc 1^ nhin thOre vi trl thiJe vd quy trinh nhdn thiie cCia bdn thdn Nd Id trl thijre v i ehiin lu