U£N HE GIUA DAY HOC HOA HOC m CAC HIEN TirQNC THtfC T I E N LIEN QOAN DEHJ BAi HQC ThS VU THI HONG NAM* Mdn Hda hgedlnsdng tmng hpc phd''''ttidng (THPT) gid mdt vai trd quan ttpng trong vipc hinh ttianh[.]
U£N HE GIUA DAY HOC HOA HOC m CAC HIEN TirQNC THtfC TIEN LIEN QOAN DEHJ BAi HQC ThS VU THI H O N G N A M * M dn Hda hgedlnsdng tmng hpc phd'ttidng (THPT) gid mdt vai trd quan ttpng vipc hinh ttianh va phat trid'n tri due eho hpc sinb (HS) Mge dieh eua mdn hpe l i giup HS hid'u diing din ve ci'u tpo va su bidn doi eiia cac chat, ning cao cho HS nhdng kiln thde bid'u bilt v l thigkii, eon ngudi Hpc hda hpc d l hie'u, giai thich dupe cac hidn tupng hoi hpc xay thuctidnttidngqua co sd ca'u tpo nguydn td, phin td, su ehuyen hda eiia eie chit bing cac phuong trinh phan umg bda bpc Odng ttidi li khdi nguon, la co sd sang tpo nhung dng dgng phgc vy ddi sd'ng cda ngudi Oe dat dupc mge dieh eua hpc mdn Hda hpc dtmdng phd' ttidng thi phuang phip day hpc la ylu td'quylt djnh Mdt nhung phuong phip de dat gid day cdhipu qua la lidn hp vdi cic bipn tuong hoi bpc xay tix)ng thgc tiln ed lien quan din bii hpc sd ydu thieh mdn Hda hgc bon, v i mdn Hda hge khdng edn la mdn hqe khd khan toin edng ttidc ric rdl v i phde tpp Lien he vdi cac hien tucmg thuc tidn qua trinh day hoc hda hpc Oe thuc hipn vide lidn he ndi dung bai giang cd lidn quan dd'n vdittiuctiln cic bidn tupng boi hpc xay quanh ta, giio vidn (G V) cin nghien edu kTbil giang, xac djnh dupe kiln ttidc trpng tim, tim hilu, ttiam khao cie vi'n d lttigc t l lidn quan dd'n bai bpc phu hpp vdi dd'i tuong tilp thu, dam liao tinh vda sde cua HS qua trinh hqe tip GV cdtbedung nhilu phuong tidn, nhilu cich thde thuc bidn khie nhu: giai ttiich bing Idl, cho HS quan sit hinh anh, xem doan phlm, lim thi nghipm, Lua ehpn cichttiticttiucbidn thude vao tdng bil bpc cg the, dilu kidn ti/ nhidn, xa hpi, CO sd vpt chat hidn ed cua nha tmdng cho Vai tio cua lien hp vdi cac hien tupmg thuc phu hpp nhat Tddd, hinh thinh giio an ttieo hudng phit huytinhtichcue, ehu ddng, sang tao eua HS, ed tiln dfy hpc hda hpc Lidn hp npi dung bai giang vdi eie hipn tupng ttiuc the Hdn he vdi ttigc tiln qui trinh day hpc Hoa tien xay tu nhidn, xa hpi, ddi sd'ng ngudi la bpc nhu: 1)Lien hetrong gling day baimdi.7jong giang sgv^n dgng nguyen li "hpc di ddi vdi hinh" khdng ttie ttiilu dupc day hpe ndi chung, dpe bidt la day day bil mdi, GV edthe linh boat nhilu phuang phip hpe Hoa hpc ndiridng.Bdi vi: - Lidn he cac bipn tuong kliic d l kit hpp cie kiln ttidc ttigc tien vio bai ttigc tiln vao ttong qua trinh dpy va bpc, gin vide hpc giang, thuin Ipi nhat la hal phuang phip tich hpp v i tipttongnha tmdng vdi ddi song x i bdi setao cho HS Idng ghep - Tieh hgp: L i kit hop mot cich cd he ttidng eie sghdng ttiu, hing say bpc tpp; - Xiy dung ttiii kiln thde hda hpc vdi kiln thde thuc tiln, lam eho dp hpc t$p dung din, phuang phip bpc tip ehii dpng, tich cgc, sing tao, ham bid'u bid't, ning luc van dgng ehung hda quyen vao ttianh mpt ttie ttidng kilnttidcvio cupc sd'ng;-Xiy dung eho HS nhung kT nhi't Vidif Khi giang day v l CO^, bdn canh vide ning quan sit, thu thap thdng tin va phin tieh ttidng giang v l vai trd cua COj dd'i vdi q u iti'inhquang hop tin, dan din hinh thinh phuang phap nghidn cdu cua ciy xanh, G V can d l cap dd'n vi'n de giy "hidu khoa hpc; - Gkip HS ed nhung hid'u bidt v l tic dpng ung nhi kinh" eiia CO^ v i giio due HS can ttong nhilu ciy xanh, bao vd n/ng, bao vp mdi tmdng v i Clia hf h/ nhidn dd'i vdi cupc sd'ng eon ngudi, anh cupc sd'ng Khi day v l phdt pho, G V giai thich hipn hudng hopt dpng ciia ngudi Idn hp h/ nhien Td tuong "ma troi", thdng qua dd giao due eho HS each dd, HS y thue dupc boat ddng eua ban ttiin ttong cufcslng.dicbiftladlivdivlndlbaovpmdittudng; nhin nhin dung din va khoa hpc cic vi'n d l ttong • Lim eho HS ttii'y cac qua trinh hda bpc ludn xay quanh ta Giaittiich duqc cae hipn h/png h/nhidn, HS *Tniitng8aih9cH6iig6irc Tap chi Gide due so 301 (kil-1/2013) 53 cudc sd'ng, lam eho cudc sd'ng lanh manh Khi day mdn hpc, ddng thdi kich thich HS ham bid'u bid't, v l lot, GV can kit bap vdi kidn thue ve sucan thilt hinh eho cac em thdi quen ludn trin trd, dit eua lot dd'i vdi eo ttie ngudi, giup cic em tunhin vi'n d l , eau hdi dd'i vdi nhdng hien tupng boa hqe thay tam quan trpng cua lot, bid'u dupe vai trd tai xay thue tien cudc sd'ng va tim cich giai toan din phai an mudi lot?, thich cic bidn tupng dd bing co sd khoa hpc tilp - Ldng ghep: la the hidn su lip ghep npi dung thu dupe qua hqe tap bai hpc ve mat ci'u true de ed the dua vao bai hpe Vidu:Kh\ ttiam gia Cau Iae bd hoa hqc, nhilu HS mqt doan, mqt mgc, mdt sd eiu hdi ed ndi dung se tuminh dua nhung thic mie vi lai chuang cao lidn quan dd'n thue tien GV cd the hudng dan cho "kem danh rang P/S bao ve2 lan cho rang ehie khde?", HS van dgng cac kiln thde bai de glal quye't "Vi sau mua gidng, khdng lai lanh vi'n d l dat Vidu:Kh\ day bai Mudiamoni, GV ban?" Hope ea dao Viet Nam edeau "Lua chiem ed the yeu eau HS glal thieh: "Tai NH^HCOj lap Id dau bd, h i nghetiengsim phat ed ma Idn", ciu dupe diing lam bdt nd?" Khi day ve su thuy phin niy v i m i t khoa hpe hda hqe em hid'u nhu ttil nio? Clia eie mudi, GV cd the dit cau hdi: "Vi phen Tddd, HStimcich degiai quye't vi'n dl, dan dan hinh chua lal lam nude?" Khi day bil "Suin mdn phuang phap nghien cdu khoa hqe kim loar, GV cd the ydu cau HS giai thieh: "Vi Lidn he gida day hqe hda hqc vdi cac hien de bao vd vd tiu bie'n bing thep, ngudi ta gin cae tuong hoi hpc xay thue tiln san xui't v i ddi ti'm kem vao phia ngoai vd (d phan chim sd'ng eon ngudi hing ngiy ed lidn quan dd'n bai hpc, nude)?" Khi day B i l "AxH eacboxylie", GV cd the giup HS sang td nhdng ca sd khoa hpe eua kiln dit ciu hdi: "Vi bdl vdi vao chd ong dot, kiln thde Cd nhilu vi'n de hda hqe cd the giup HS glal dot se dd dau", hope kh i dpy bai Nude cdng, G V cd thich nhung bidn tuong xay tu nhien, trinh the yeu eau HS giai thieh "Vi nau nude dupc md tin d j doan, hid'u dupc ban chit, co sd khoa gidng d mft so vung lai cd Idp cin d dudi day im? hpe bda hpc nhung ciu ca dao - tuc ngd din Cich ti'y Idp cin nay?" _ gian luu tmyln v i cd the dng dgng kiln thde hoa hpc 2) Lien he vdi thuc tiin gid luyen tap va tilp thu dupe hqe tip vao thuc tien ddi sd'ng klem tra dinh gia Trong eac gid luydn tap, GV cd thudng ngiy, ding thdl phat trid'n kT ning nghidn the dua vio eae bii tip ed ndi dung thuc tiln ma HS cuu thuc tidn va kTnang tuduy v l l i luin NudJdudng edttie vin dgng dupe nhung kiln thde ndidung nhin thde v i eie quan nidm diing din v l cie hidn luydn tip de giai quylt Mdt sd cau hoi hope bai tap tupng xay tunhien va cupc sd'ng eho HS se mang tinh thue tiln nhung ndi dung tra Idi ngin gpn gdp phln nang cao chi't lupng day hpc hda hpe d v i chl van dung thuin cie kiln thde li thuyet tmdng THPT hidn nay.a cic chuong, bai m i HS da dupe cung ci'p edthedua vao cie de klem tra 15 phut, tilt Oac bidt, G V ndn Tii lifu tham khao thilt k l ttianh eie eiu hdi trie nghidm Vidu: Hay Nguygn Cuomg Phuong phip day hpc hda hpc d chpn dip i n tra Idi dung cho cic cau hdi sau: - Chat truong phd thflng v i dai hpc NXB Gido dfic, H.2007 duoc dung lam bdt ndde lam binh la: A: (NHJ^COj; NguySn Th^ Ngfln H6a hpc v6 co NXB Dgi hgc su B: NajC03; C: NH.HCOj; D: NaHCOj;-Nhdng ngudi phgm, H.20O4 dau da day du axit thudng ud'ng tmdc bua i n mdt Tir van Mac - TrSn Thi Ai BO sach bd tny ki^n thiic k)al thuoc chua muoi: A: (NHJ CO3; B: Na^COj; C: chia khoa vang - Hoa hpc NXB Dgi hgc qudc gia Hd NH^HCOj; D: NaHC03; -Oebao yd vdtiu ble'ri bing npi, 2004 ttiep khdi bj i n mdn di trdn bie'n ngudi ta gin vio Le Xuan Trpng - Nguygn Xuan Trufltng Tii lifu phia ngoii vd tau (d phln chim nudc) mdt kim boi duvng giao vien mdn Hoa hpc NXB Gido due, H.2007 toaila:A:Zn;B:Sn;C:Pb;p:Cu 3) Lien he vdi thuc tiin cac hoat dgng ngoaikhda.GM hda hpc ndn td'chdc cho HS tham gia cie ciu lac bd hda hpe, eae bud'l ngoai khda v l hda hqc, cic cudc thi hda hqe vui, nhim tao dilu kien clio HS van dgng nhung kiln thue hda hpe vio cupc sd'ng, tao nilm hdng thu va say me hqc tip 54 Tap ehi Gide dye so 301 SUMMARY The paper presents the role, the orlentaUon and the use of teaching chemistry methods contacting with pracUcalphenomena related to the lesson, with the purpose ofmaking chemistiy easy to understand, practical, close to life, which contributes to Improving the effecUveness of teaching chemistry (kil- 1/2013) ... eo ttie ngudi, giup cic em tunhin vi''n d l , eau hdi dd''i vdi nhdng hien tupng boa hqe thay tam quan trpng cua lot, bid''u dupe vai trd tai xay thue tien cudc sd''ng va tim cich giai toan din phai... mqt doan, mqt mgc, mdt sd eiu hdi ed ndi dung se tuminh dua nhung thic mie vi lai chuang cao lidn quan dd''n thue tien GV cd the hudng dan cho "kem danh rang P/S bao ve2 lan cho rang ehie khde?",... tiln san xui''t v i ddi ti''m kem vao phia ngoai vd (d phan chim sd''ng eon ngudi hing ngiy ed lidn quan dd''n bai hpc, nude)?" Khi day B i l "AxH eacboxylie", GV cd the giup HS sang td nhdng ca sd