NGltfNCMGQ TfNH C H U Y £ N NGHIEP CUA GlAO VIEN • VAN DE NGUdl l i N H DAD TRUONG HOC CAN QUAN TAM TllS NGUYfNH0UDft St Glio dye vi Bio tfo Hi Nfl Nhu d u phit triln nghl nghifp liln tyc doi vdi giio[.]
NGltfNCMGQ TfNH C H U Y £ N N G H I E P CUA GlAO VIEN • VAN DE NGUdl l i N H DAD T R U O N G HOC CAN QUAN TAM TllS.NGUYfNH0UDft St Glio dye vi Bio tfo Hi Nfl Nhu d u phit triln nghl nghifp liln tyc doi vdi giio viln (GV) li mdt thuc tiln dat cho cic nhi quin li trudng hpc Linh df o trudng hpe dap dng nhu clu niy cda GV sao, y thdc, trich nhifm eda hp ddi vdi sy phit triin nghl nghifp liln tyc eda GV nhuthi nio, phy thufc phin Idn vio quan nilm cda hp vl tinh chuyin nghifp cda GV vdi tu cich mdt ngudi lao dfng nghl nghilp Dilu ding ndi li d Vilt Nam dUdng nhu ehua ed sy phin bift rd ring gida edng vife vi nghl nghifp, dd sy phin edng lao ddng cda xa hdi hlfn dfl lai ddi hdi xie djnh ranh gidi tuong ddi tudng minh gida hai linh vyc niy Nim 1966, lln diu tiln trin pham vi toin thl gidi ILO vi UNESCO d i chinh thdc khing djnh tinh chuyin nghilp cda GV, ring dfy hpc li mft nghl (Bin khuyin nghf vf vj thl GV cda ILO/UNESCO) Dilu niy cf •} nghia rit quan trpng dfl vdi sy phit triin cda GV vl hp si dugc dio tfo vi hf trp phit triln nghl nghilp theo djnh hudng chuyin nghilp hda Mit khie, vj thl xi hfi cda ngudi GV si dupe ning cao bdi hp li nhdng ngudi lao dfng nghl nghifp, ehd khdng thuin tdy li ngudi lim nhdng cdng vile theo phin cdng lao ddng xa hfi Vdi quan nlfm trin, tic gii bii vilt tf ng thuft mft sf nghiln cdu v l vin df niy nhim gidi thilu vi cdng cf quan nlfm v l tinh chuyin nghifp cda GV, dfng thdi gdp phin cf vO cho cic chuong trinh phit triln nghi nghifp GV hlfn da vi dang dupc cic nhi llnh dfo trudng hpc quan tim Mft cdng vifc cd t h i dugc coi li mft nghl nhung cdng cd khdng dupe col li nghf nghilp Theo Wikipedia, mft cdng vifc dugc coi li mft nghf di qua cic dilm mfc phit triin nhu sau: Cdng vifc dd phii toin thdi gian; Cdng vifc dd dupe dio tf o qua trUdng; Cdng vifc dd dUpc dio tfo qua trudng dai hpc; Hlfp hfi dja phuong cda nhCmg ngudi lim efng vifc dd dupc thinh Ifp; Hlfp hfi qufc gia dUpc thinh Ifp; Cic quy tic dng xCr df o dure cdng vifc dupc thilt Ifp; Cic quy djnh cOa nhi nUde vf chdng chl hinh nghi dupc ban hinh Nhu vfy, v i bin chit mft efng vifc d u ^ col ii mdt nghl cdng vile dd ed vai trd quan trpng vi cd gii tri sdng cdn ddi vdi sy phat triln cda cdng ddng va xa hdi Theo dd, mpt cdng vile dupe cdng nhin li mdt nghl thl nhdng ngUdi lim nghl dupe ning cao vi vj thf xa hfi, dUpc xa hdi tin tUdng vi tdn trpng Nhilu nam qua, tfi nhilu qude gia, ngUdI ta vin tranh d i vl vife GV l i eic chuyin gia hay chi li nhdng ngudi edng nhin, vi nghl day hpc li mdt nghl hay thim ehi dd ehUa hin la mft 'vile lim' (Hoyle, 1995) Vi dy, tfl MJ La tinh, td nim 1960 din 1970, thuft ngd GV thay doi td "chuyin gia giing dfy* sang 'cdng nhin giing dfy* (Villegas-Reimers, 1998) Tuong ty nhU vfy, Hpi liln hilp cic GV Nhlt Bin djnh nghia GV li'cdng nhin'hay'ngUdl vdsin* vi Hpl niy hinh dfng rit it df gidp dd d c GV dft dupe trinh df chuyin nghifp, bdi vl mfi quan tim chinh eda nd li lim thl nio tang lUOng eho eic GV (Sato, 1992) Ngoii ra, chinh phd Nhft Bin coi GV li 'nd bde eda nhi nUde' vi khdng phii li nhdng chuyin gia (Shimahara, 1995) Cudc tranh d i niy khdng ehi ddng lfi d sU bit dfng quan dilm vile nhin nhfn nghl giio cd ^ nghia thf nio mi cdn liln quan din cich nhin nhfn v l nghl giio vi vifc phit triln nghifp vy su pham Nam 1990, tf chdc hpp tic vi phit triin kinh t l (OECD) da phin tkh d c yiu tf inh hUdng din trtnh df chuyin nghifp cda d c GV vi thio lufn v i li tai hp dupe nhin nhfn chung chung nhU l i nhumg cdng nhfn giing dfy Cic ylu tf dd bao gf m: (a) Quy md: 'Trong suy nghl cda sf ddng ngudi d hiu hit cie quf c gia OECD, sf luong GVqui nhiiu, nin khd mi ed thi coi dd li nghl nghifp cd vj thl cao xa hdi' [3; tr 49]; (b) Chit lupng giio due: Chit lupng giio dye hlfn tal cao hon trudc diy, nhiln vj thl cda nghf glio vin edn thip Nghjch li niy giy tinh trang chia rl d c GV khiln hp cim thiy thit vpng vl vf thf thip kim cda minh xa hfi, m|c dO sy thft li nhdng gl hp phii chuin bj vi hpc di lim nghf cung gifng nhu nhiiu nghi nghifp Ichic cf vf thl cao hon xa hfi; (c) Tinh nijruu vift'Theo nhfn djnh chung, d c giii thudng vi vf trf cda GV diu glim di vf sf tUpng ting trudng vi vf trf tai cic bing xip hfng d d c linh stiN-nUlM 11/znz • I S yjNGHiNCflll vyc mi phu nO von chif m uu t h l ' [3; tr 50].Tat nhiln djnh vai tro cda d c GV, ip dit hp mfi quan hf li rat khd cd dupe mpt moi quan hi binh thudng, giao tifp gida GV vi phu huynh, vi thf m chi Ifnh dung hda vf sf lupng tang trudng vi vj trf xIp hfng eho GV thyc hiln cie hoft dpng hing ngiy diln Trong mdt chiln djch nhim nang eao hinh inh cda Idp hpe Nhi nude cdng theo quy tie quy djnh nghl day hpe tai Phip, ngUdi ta chi ddng nam gidi cic hoat ddng ddng Idp cda GV bing cich Ifnh d i quing bi, dilu niy cho thay ring hinh inh dan cho hp phii tuan theo mdt chuong trtnh hpc dupc d e nhi giao due vift sin SU phit triln nghl nghifp dng hip dan dfi vdi nghl niy hon so vdi dan ba Tic gii Hoyle (1995) d i dUa bin phan tkh hdu eho cic GV bj inh hudng mdt eieh rd rft bdi mdc dd (ch vl giing day dya trin tilu chl dupe sd dung d l ty trj mi nghf nghifp mang lfi Vi khia egnh tu tri tip thi, dfy hpe ed it thinh djnh nghia mdt 'nghl nghifp" Od li chdc nang xi hfL kiln thde, sy ty trj eda ngudi dang hinh nghl, edng hon so vdi cic nghl nghifp vfn dupc quyln sy ty trj tip thl vi eic gii tri chuyin nghifp Ong chi tu trj vi ddc lap cda nhi nude Cd II, tfi da sd dc ring, trin thyc t l , vifc giing day khdng liln quan qufc gia, li nhdng ngUdi lim edng an lUong nhi din tit ei tilu chl d n thilt d i dupe khing djnh la nude, GV diu dupe mong dpi thyc thi d c chfnh sich giio due ehinh phd dUa Mdc df nghl nghifp mft nghl nghifp Dudi diy li d e tilu chi cu thl VichOe ndngxd hdi, dfy hpe ed tim quan trpngdupe t f chdc tham dd ^ kifn vifc djnh hinh tfl cao dfi vdi sy phdn vinh cda xa hdi, sU phit triln cic chinh sich thay dfi qua d c nude vi theo thdi cda mfi ci nhin, vi dd, nd cd vj thl eda mdt nghl gian (Hoyle, 1995, tr.14) hiu hit d c qufc gla, GV nghifp Vi khia egnh kiin thOc, nin ting kiin thdc ed xu hudng dupe tf chdc thinh cic hlfp hfi, chd eda GV ehlnh l i nguyin nhin giy cic cudc tranh khdng phii cic to chCre ehuyin nghifp, vi dilu niy ciL bdi vl mft sd ngudi mudn nhin manh ndi dung tat nhiln ed inh hudng din vifc nhin thdc dfy hpc kiln thde mi GV ed, mpt sf khie lfi nhin mfnh d c la mdt nghl nghifp Ngoai ra, nhdng nam vin di sU phfm (Jackson, 1987) O l nghl day hpc 1990, tfi nhilu nUde, chinh phd ngiy cing klim soit dupe coi trpng nhu mft nghl nghifp thl thyc t l li nhilu vifc hanh nghl day hpc vi sy chuin bj cda GV; phin kiln thdc mi GV cd l i rit quan trpng vi phin d nhdng nude niy ngudi ta ylu elu GV hoin thinh kiln thdc niy chi cd thi dft dupe thdng qua dio tfo cic bii kiim tra cda ehinh phd d i dUpe d p chdng cy thi Tuy nhiln, nlu gii thilt li bit cd al cd thl dft chi (Vuong qufc Anh, M^ ) Dilu niy cung cd thl dupe kiln thdc thdng qua kinh nghifm thl dfy hpe thiy d nhdng nUde noi chuong trtnh hpc d i ehuin cdng khdng cd gl khic so vdl cic nghl nghifp cd bj lim GV cda cic hpc vlln bj klim soit bdi chinh djnh hudng khic (vi dy: co hpe lim vUdn) NhCmg phd (nhud hiu hit cic nUde chiu Phi vi My La tinh) Cuf i edng, ndi v l eic gii trj chuyin nghifp, rit ngudi lim cdng tic giio dye ndi chung eho thiy thyc hinh tf o sy khic qui trtnh chuin khd khing djnh gii trj cy thi nio cda nghl dfy hpc bj cda GV, nhimg vifc thyc hinh dd phii dya trin cd thi dem so sinh vdi gii trj cda cic nghl nghifp md hinh II thuylt vi d c y tudng phin hdi lai Diy khic nhu nghl liln quan df n y hpc vi luft Trong li mft yfu tf rit quan trpng d n dupe nhin rpng, cic nghl nghifp, gii trj chuyin nghilp bit ngudn phf biln, vi nd li bing chdng bf sung eho tim quan td vifc tao tinh chuyin nghilp cd thi dim dUpc trpng cda d c chuong trinh phit tnin nghifp vy su dfi vdi khich hing Tuy nhiln, vifc lim niy gin nhU li khdng thl thyc hlfn dupe vdi nghl dfy hpc, bdi vl phfm d bit eCr mdc df nio cda hf thfng giio dye Xit vi mdt tg trt cda ngUdI hdnh nghi, GV cd ft GV thl ed vd sf khich hing Tuong ty, d nhiiu nghl, quyln ty trj nghf nghifp cda minh, die bift li ngudi ta quy djnh cic gii trj dfo ddc d i lim nin so sinh vdl cic nghl nghifp khic liln quan tdi y ting eho vifc hinh nghl NhUng ehi mft vii qudc hpc vi luft sy ti/ trf cda d c GV cd thf (hay thudng gla quy djnh nhCrng gii trj df o ddc niy dfl vdl GV xuyln) bj gidi hfn bdi nhi nude cic d p quin li, Tdm lfi, nhdng phan tich trin cho thiy rd II nguyin tic, chinli quyln dfa phuong (3 nhilu qufc tfi ngudi ta van thudng tranh d l lifu nghl dfy gla, nol GV cd nhilu quyf n ty trf hon d i khing dfnh hpc cd phii li mft nghl hay khdng, vi lifu ring GV nghf nghifp vi sy hinh nghi cda minh (nhU Phip, cd thi lim mpi thdrdi ning cao vj thl cda minh Vuong qufc Anh vi My), GV cd thf coi cdng vile cda xa hfi (Bull, 1990; Burbules vi Densmore, 1991) DO chinh minh nhu mft nghf (Hoyle, 1995) Tuy nhiln, viy, theo nhdng g) da dupe tranh lufn trUdc diy, dilu niy khdng ddng d mft sf qufc gia, nol GV cd It nhilu ngudi nhat tri ring sU chuyin nghifp hda cda hofc khdng cd quyln ty trf (nhuVenezuela, Paraguay, nghf day hpc trudc hit d n phii ning cao chit lupng Pakistan) (Villegas-Reimers, 1996) Tfl eic qufc gla glio due (Holmes Group, 1986; Darling -Hammond, niy, hifu trUfng, nhCmg ngudi glim sit, tra vi 1999) Ldc bay gid, sU chuyin nghifp hda cda nghi cic nhi quin If khic ludn lufn li nhdng ngufl quylt (Xemtiiptrang 45) 14*nmB|^aMiigc NGMCNCMQ - Gla dinh Sy phit triin tri tuf, nhin deh eda T1CT mam non khdng thi khdng ki din vai trd cda gia dinh Gia dinh ehinh li mdl trtfdng mi TiCT tHp xde dau tUn vi di lfi In tupng siu sic sudt cude ddi mfi eon ngUdi Nlu dupe mpi ngudi gia dinh quan tam, ehd y din d e iioft ddng nhfn thtfc, khuyin khkh tri hoft dfng, cdng tham gia vdi tri thl chic chin hdng thd hoft dfng cda d c em si phit triin vi tri bin vtfng, dfc bift li hoft ddng kham phi khoa hpc -Clio vlin Giio viln ed vai trd quan trpng vile kich thfch hdng thd nhfn thtfc cho TKT miu giio hoft dfng khim phi v i mdi trudng thiln nhiln Nlu glio viln bllt tfi chtfc hoft dfng khim phi cho hip din, phd hpp vdi nhu clu, ning lyc nhfn thtfe cOa TKT thl chic chin d c em si hdng thd vdl hoft dfng mft cich bin vtfng vi liu dil Mufin thyc hlfn dtfpc nhifm vu niy, giio vlln khdng nhtfng cd trinh df, ed ki ning, ed ehuyin mdn die thtf v i linh vyc glio dye TKT mi phii ed tim huylt cd Idng yiu tri khach quan inh hudng tdi htfng thd nhfn thtfe giio viln gid vai trd eo bin vile hinh thinh htfng thd nhin thtfe eda TKT mpi hoat ddng TAILIEUTHAMKHAO Mardzdva N.G, Nil chuyfn vdi gkio vHn vi hOng thd nhdn thOe, NXB Giio Dye Matxcova, 1982 Sukina G.L Vdn di hOng thd nhdn thOc khoa hgc gido due, Tu lifu Tmdng Of i hpc Su pham Hi Ndi, 1973 Xdldviytrfeh X.L, TO hOng thd din tdi ndng, NXB Phu nd, 1975 SlnhiakVA, Nudenman M.M,NhOngddcdlim da sgphdtti'iintdm lltri diic, NXB Of I hpe Qufic gia Hi Ndi, 1999 NguyinThfThu Hlfn, CdcWlnp/idpp/idt/i(jy tinh tfch cue nhdn thOe eda tri miu gido Idn5-6tuil qud trinhtimhiiu mdl trUdng thiin nhUn, Lufn in Tlin si giio dye Hi Nfl, 2005 SUMMARY The article has presented the cognitive interes among preschool hearing Impaired children In Kit luin Oi hinh thinh vi phit triin hdng thd nhfn exploratton of natural environment The paper goe thdc cho TKT hoft ddng khim phi mdi tmdng deeply to analyze characteristics andmanlfestation thiln nhiln, glio viln phii nim dupe stf phit triin cognitive interests among preschool hearing Impa trf tuf, nhu d u , ning lyc nhfn thtfc eda tri, ttf dd cd children In the course ofexploring natural environme sy lya chpn dfii ttfpng, phtfong phip, hinhtiitfegiio At the same time, the author also menttoned the dye phd hpp dfc diim nhfn thtfe eda mdi TKT d i tfo Influential factors of cognitive interests among hdng thd nhfn thdre cho cic em Trong nhdng ylu tfi preschool hearing Impaired children In this exercise unnMiiiiiiiiiMniiMiiiniiiiMiiiiiiiiiiiiiHiiiiiiiiiMiMiiiiiunuiiniiiiinitMiiiiiniiimuiuniMiiuuMimiiiiiMiMiiiiiniiiiiiiinininiiiiiiiiiMiiiuitiiniuiuniiiuiNm^ TiNH CHUYlN NGHllP COA GIAO VIIN (Tiip theo trang 14) Sato, M 1992, 'Japan* In: Leavitt H.B.(Ed), dfy hpe mdl thu hdt sy quan tim cda cie nhi hofch dfnh chfnh sich vi nhtfng ngudi lim cdng tie giio Issues and problemes In teacher education A dye Thyc tf li nhCmg nim gin diy, ngudi ta cd xu international handbook, NewYok: Greenwood Press Shimahara, N.K.199S, Teacher education htfdng bit diu cdng nhfn dfy hpe li mft nghi vi kit qui li dilu dd d i chuyin vifc ddo tgo giio vlln refom in Japan: Ideological and control Issues^ in: Shimahara, N.K; Holowlnsky,I.S.(Eds), Teacher tiiinh phdt triin nghi nghifp gido vHn education in industrialized nation (Reference Book in International Educational, VoL3).NewYok: Gariand TAIU$UTHAMKHAO Eleonora Vlllegas - Relmers, Teacher Publishing professional development: an international review of SUMMARY the literature, International Institute for Educational The author has provided a comprehensive pktur Planing on key research projects regarding professionali Hoyle, E 1995 Teacher as professional, In: Anderson, I- (Ed), Intematloanal encyclopedia ofamong teachers with a view to introdudng and teaching and teacher education, London: Pergamonconsolidating perceptions on professionalism among teachers, and at the same time encouragin Press OCED.1990, The teacher today tasks, pedagogical development programs which have be receiving due attention from school leadership conditions, policies Paris, France: OCEO SllM-TlilM11/ZnZ*45 ... nghl liln quan df n y hpc vi luft Trong li mft yfu tf rit quan trpng d n dupe nhin rpng, cic nghl nghifp, gii trj chuyin nghilp bit ngudn phf biln, vi nd li bing chdng bf sung eho tim quan td vifc... chif m uu t h l '' [3; tr 50].Tat nhiln djnh vai tro cda d c GV, ip dit hp mfi quan hf li rat khd cd dupe mpt moi quan hi binh thudng, giao tifp gida GV vi phu huynh, vi thf m chi Ifnh dung hda... df nghl nghifp mft nghl nghifp Dudi diy li d e tilu chi cu thl VichOe ndngxd hdi, dfy hpe ed tim quan trpngdupe t f chdc tham dd ^ kifn vifc djnh hinh tfl cao dfi vdi sy phdn vinh cda xa hdi, sU