NGHIEN CUU & UNG DUNG TANG CyONG REN LlJIYf N HOC SINH , „̂ , ,̂ KI N A N G VAN DUNG TRI THIJC DIA i t VAO THVC IE ''''^^^ 1 T^i sao phdi tang cirdng ren luyfn hpe sinh (HS) ki nang v^n dyng tri thirc dj[.]
NGHIEN CUU & UNG DUNG KI TANG CyONG REN LlJIYf N HOC SINH , ^„ , ^, VAN DUNG TRI THIJC DIA i t VAO THVC I E '^^^ NANG Man Tuat T^i phdi tang cirdng ren luyfn hpe sinh (HS) ki nang v^n dyng tri thirc dja li (DL) vdo thirc te? Mdt frong nhimg myc tieu ve kT nang ciia mdn DL phd thdng da dupe ghi ro Chuong trinh gido dye phd thdng mdn DL (ban hdnh theo Quylt dinh sd 16/2006/ QD-BGDDT ngdy 05 thang nam 2006 cua Bd trudng Bd GD&DT) Id "Hinh thdnh vd phdt trien d HS ki nang vgn dung tri thiic DL de gidi thich cac hien tupng, sy vat DL vd budc dau tham gia giai quyet nhung vdn de ciia cudc sdng phu hgp vdi khd nang cua HS" Viec van dung kien thiic DL vdo gidi thich cdc hien tupng, sy vat mdi trudng lam cho kien thiic DL gan bd vdi cudc sdng, thiet thyc hon ddi vdi HS, tii lam tang tinh hap ddn ciia bg mdn, tao tinh cdm vd hiing thii hoc tdp DL choHS Thyc te dgy hpe DL hien cho thay, nhieu nguyen nhan khdc nhau, bdi hoc chi gdi ggn vao ki6n thuc sdch gido khoa, kien thiic bdi hgc xa rdi vdi thyc tB Cd nhihig dilu tudng ehimg nhu rat quen thudc vd dan gian vdi HS, nhung lai rdt xa la Chdng hgn, yeu cdu HS xdc dinh tinh Quang Ninh cd phdi Id mdt trung tam cdng nghipp than khdng, thi h4u het cdc em dugc hdi deu khdng trd Idi rv nhdn bai 24/12/2012 ddng Neu d^y.bki "Cdc hinh thiic td chirc lanh thd cdng nghiep" (DL 10), gido vien (GV) yeu cau.iHS vdn dyng khai nipm "hung tam cdng nghi?p" de nhgn biet mpt sd trung tdm cdng nghi?p d Vi?l Nam, thi viec xdc dinh trung tdm cdng nghiep than se trd thdnh ki nang quen thudc cua cdc em DL la mpt mdn hpe gan bd mat thiet vdi cdc hien tugng, su vat ty nhien, ddn cu, xd hgi, kinh te d mdi trudng ciia cdc em Chiic nang ca ban ciia khoa hgc DL Id giiip ngudi cd nhiing hieu biet ve mdi trudng vd hudng ddn cdch ling xir ciia ngudi vdi mdi trudng iLa sy phdn dnh khoa hgc DL nhd trudng, mdn DL khdng the hien rd dugc chirc nang dd thi kien thiic DL phd thdng khd hap ddn ddi vdi H S ' i M o t so gpi y ve cdch thirc r^n luy§n HS ki nang van dung tri thifrc DL vdo thyc te a Trong day hgc DL dia phuong Dia li dja phuong (DLDP) Id mdt ngi dung quan-tfpng ciia chuang triiib" DL phd thdng, nhdm tgo ca hdi chd HS tim hi6u nhihig vdn de ddt ddi vdi dia phuang nai HS sinh sdng, bdi dudng tinh yeu que huong, ^ t nude, ren luyen kT ndng tim-Mgul, khdo sdt dia i)huang Trong cdu tnic dk thi tdt nghiep THPT vd thi l;^' > Trudng DHSP,, DH HuS Ci^en sinh vdo dai hgc va cao dangindm 2009, 2010 deu !ghi ro.npi dung ndy/ i RV I' ' DLDP' dyp© hgc vao cudi chuong trinh ^ 8, vd 12, vdo, thdi igian< cudi nam- hoc, nen iti.thu hiit dugc su'quan tdm dfia ca GV yd HS, dac biet ddi vdi ldp 12, da biet dui?i sdiddojradn thi tot nghiep khdng c6 mdn DL Efiluitld la mpt trongohhung nguyen nhdn ciia viec HS ihi^h biet rat TO Ve DL Hoa Ri, Diic, Phdp.— nhuyg hau nhu khdng biet hoac biet rdt i6'"wS DL d noi minh sinh sdng Thuc hien diing, dii vasang tao chuang trinh DLDP khdng nhihig trang hi cho HS nhung hieu biet ve dia phuang imd cdn ren fuyen dupe nhieu kT nang DL, dac biet ren luySn kT nang thu thdp, khdo sdt; he thdng hda va trinh bdy thdng tin DL; bdi dudng tinh cam dia phuong vd su quan tdm den cdc van de gdn giii vdi cudc sdng ciia cac em, tso dieu kiSn cho cdc em trd thdnH ngud^i lao ddng cd hilu bilt'rb v i dia phuang minh •Hien nay, mpt sd GV d nhieu dia phuong cd nhilii phutmg phdp dgy hpe ndi dung hdp ddn ddi vdi HS, nhu: Xdy dyng ndi dung DLDP thdnh cac bdi tap nhati thuc d l HS hoat ddng; Xdy dung he thdng bdn dd DLDP k6m theo'trknh' anh, t u l i a i i hinh vl D L D P i d i ! cho HS khdm pha thdng tin; Td chiiii Ngay TAP CHI THIET BI GIAO DUC-SO 90-02/2013 • ^ NGHIEN CUU & UNG DUNG cdc nhdm khdo sdt chuyen de ty chgn, trinh bay thdng tin dudi nhilu hinh thiic khdc nhau, vdi vi0e dng dyng cua cdng nehp thdng tin; Thi tim hilu ve dia phuong, C4n thilt cd mpt djnh hudng th6ng nh4t eua mSi sd GD&DT vi day vd hgc DLDP theo chuan kien thde, kT ndng vd vai trd cua cdc ehuySn vien bp mdn DL d cdc Sd trd nen rat quan trpng nhi^m vu ndy b Trong bdi hgc DL tren lap Md rpng kiln thuc bdng lien he thyc tl, hdi ddp ve cac vdn dl cua dia phuang lidnhe true tilp tdi ndi dung bai DL, khuyin khich HS neu cac vdn dl dia phuang de trao ddi cdc bdi hgc cd ndi dung lien quan, la cdch lam quen thudc ciia nhilu GV hien d cdc trudng phd thdng Cdc vdn dd dia phuang cdn gidi thich bdng kien thiic DL cd nhieu logi hinh khdc nhau, dd thdng thudng cd nhung vdn dS thudng xuyen, cd dinh vd nh&ng vdn dd cd tinh thdi sy Nhiing vdn de DLDP diln cd tinh cd dinh dupe GV su dyng nhieu ndm day hgc, vi du: Tai giiia mua ddng, trudc gid miia Ddng Bac ve, thdi tilt trd nen ndng han; gid Ddng Bdc thdi den, thudng cd mua; nguyen nhan cua lii Tieu man d mien Trung; gidi thich ve hien tugng "ndm" vdo thdi ki sau Tet dm lich d mien Bac, hipn tugng "gid chudng" d DBSCL, Nhieu van de ty nhien cd tinh dia phuong ddi hdi phdi vgn dyng kien thuc DL de giai thicli, dugc nhieu GV quan 22 tam bdi len ldp dd lam cho HS hiing thii hgc tdp va hilu thdm nhihig van de cdn chua rd d xung quanh minh D6i vdi cdc van de dja phuang cd tinh thdi sy, GV DL ndm bdt vd li gidi dudi gde dO DL ciing mang Igi nhilu hiiu ich cho HS Chdng hgn, nhihig ndm cu6i thi ki XX, vipc di ddn ty d Tdy Nguydn, vipc phd rimg ngdp mdn dl 1dm vudng tdm d DBSCL^ vipc chuyen mgt di^n tich ddt ndng nghipp sang dat chuyen dimg d Ddng bdng sdng Hdng dd gay nen nhieu hp qud ve mdt xa hdi, mdi trudng Kien thdc DL cd dli de gidi thich cdc hien tugng thyc te Hodc, sau trdn lii nam 2009 d mien Trung Tdy Nguyen, cd nhieu y kien de nghi xem Igi tac ddng ciia thuy dien ddi vdi lii, de nghi gidm siic ep cua thuy dien len mdi trudng Nhiing tdc ddng tich eye vd tieu cue eua thuy dien ve mat kinh te, xd hdi va mdi trudng liic ndy, ban bao gid het cdn dugc trao ddi cdc tilt hgc DL THPT Ciing cdn thidt nhu vay cdc gid hpe DL ldp 12, Hen he phdn tich cdc tdc dgng cua cdc hoat dOng trdng lai rirng dau ngudn d mdt sd tinh mien mil, hoat dgng khai thdc khodng sdn ty d cdc viing rimg ddu ngudn, d mpt sd dia phuong hipn c Trong hogt dgng ngogi khoa Hogt ddng ngogi khda la mdt hinh thiic td chiic dgy hgc phd biln mdn DL vi tdc dyng nhilu mgt cua hinh thuc Trong cudc van ddng "Xdy dung trudng hoc than thien, HS tich cue" hien • TAP CHI THIET BI GIAO DUC-SO 90-02/2013 ciia Bd GD&DT, boat dgng ngogi khda trd thdnh mpt cdng cy cd hieu qud Cdc ndi dung ciia hogt ddng ngop khda DL rdt phong phd, gan vdi cac vdn dl dan sd, mdi trudng, du Ijch, tilu thu cdng nghidp, phdt trien trang trai, hdng xuat khdUj Td chiic cdc hogt ddng vl tim hilu, gidi thich cdc vdn dl DLDP Id mpt h-ong nhung bidn phap cd nhieu tdc dung thilt thyc ren luyen Id nang van dyng kien thiie DL vao thuc tien cua HS d) Trong kiem tra ddnh gid Viec dgy hgc DLDP can dupe gan chgt vdi kiem tea ddnh gia Do each dgy da dgng, nen ciing cdn da dgng hda cac hinh thiic kilm tra ddnh gia Thyc te cho thdy cdc loai hinh kiem tra ddnh gid dupe quan tdm nhilu DLDP Id: bai tap, bdi bdo cdo; sdn phdm khdo sat, dieu tra ket hop ca kenh chu va kenh hmh; ket qua thi trinh bay bao cdo, Trong cac bdi ty luan, ben cgnh cdc cdu hdi Idem tra kien thiic DLDP cd he thdng, nen tdng cudng cdc cdu hdi doi hoi vgn dyng kien thuc DL de gidi quyet cdc van de thyc te dia phuong Chdng hgn: - Theo khdi niem ve cac hinh thiic td chiic lanh thd san xuat cdng nghiep, cd the coi tinh Qudng Ninh Id trung tdm cdng nghiep than dupe khdng? Tai sao? - Tai thdng mua eye dgi d Hd Ndi sdm hon d Hue? - Tgi can phai chu trpng ddu tu hon niia ddi vdi vi^c phat triln kinh t | - xd hdi d cdc vimg ddn tdc it ngudi? (Xem tiep trang 31) HUaNG DAN QUAN LI s i ; DUNG e =I(RN +r)(9.3) e Hay: I= (9.5), bieu thj dinh R+r luat m doi vdi toan m^ch - Phdthl|n b i ktirgng djnh lu§t: tr 52 Ho^t d$ng : Tim hieu 6oAnSGK, m^ch: Sau to chiic tlm hi^u dinh lu$t m d6i v6i t o ^ m^ch, g i ^ vien to chue ho^t dpng tim IiiSu hi^n tupng do&n m^ch vi tich hpp kien thtrc sii dyng di^n n ^ g nhu sau: - HS tri Idi: _'TitH thiic (9.5): i ^ RN = o Giy chiy n6 ( Hai cvrc noi b&ng day dSn dien trd rat Diing cau chi nhd); IMQX = e / r *Tich hpp kien thiic SD di^n an t o ^ : Trong phan n&y chdng ta sS tlm hieu hi^n tupng d o ^ m^ch thudng g^p thyc te -Hi|n tupng do4n m^ch gly nSn nhftng t4c hgigi? -Cach phong trinh? -HS lifin h? vdi thyc tl: + Pin c6 r Idn, doin m^ch lim hdng pin +Acquy: r nhd,khi doan m^ch se gSy tic h^i Ho^t d$ng 4: Tlm hieu djnh l u | t r a dSi \&i tokn m^ch v^ djnh luSt b i o toAn vk chuyen hod n i n g lirgmg: GV to chijc tim hieu dinh luat Om doi vdi t o ^ maeh xem c6 phii hpp vdi djnh lu^t bao to4n va chuyen hoa nSng luong khong vk tich hpp kien thiOrc six dung di^n ning nhu sau: _ Nhac l?i cong thiic tinh cdng ciia ngudn (9.7) dien: A = £lt Va dinh luat Jun-lenxo, nhi#t lupng toi d toan m^ch: - Hoc sinh li6n hf thuc t%: Di^n nang Co nine (ddng co di^n), Quang nang (chay d^n cbieu sing), l>ni^t ning (dun nau) Q = (RN + r)I^ (9.8) _ Ygu ciu hpe sinh nghien c6u s^ch giao khoa vk dn l^i d)nh lu$t bSo toan vk chuyen hoa n ^ g lupng : A = Q, dS suy h§ thiic (9.3) va ( 9.5) £ e = I ( RN+ r ) va I = R+r K€t lu§n: Dmh lugt m doi vdi t o ^ maeh p h i hpp vdi dinh lu|lt bdo toan vk chuySn hoi ning lupng * Tich hpp ki^n thirc sii dung di§n nftng _ Di?n nSng cd the c h u y k hoa thinh nhftng nang lupng nio? v i su dyjig d dSu? Ho^t d$ng 5; Tim hieu hj$u s u i t cda nguon difo: GV td chiic ho?t dpng tim hieu hieu su4t ciia ngudn di?n, ndi dung nhu sau: _ Tu bieu thuc A = Q, cho thiy cdng ciia ngudn dien bing tong di^n nang tieu thi^ d maeh ngoii va m^ch trong, dd di^n nang tieu thu d m^ch ngoii la cd ich Vay hieu suat cua ngudn dien li: H = Ac6 (ch / A - Utglt /£lt = U„ /e (9.9) _ Yeu cau bpc sinh, tu (9.9) CMR H = R N / Rn + r (9.10) - Hpe sinh chiing mmh bieu thiic (9.10) >l09t dpng b: Uiao nbi^m vu ve ubA (li&n b$ kiSn thurc sit dung di^n ndng) T«P CHI THIET BI SIAO DgC - SO 90 - 02/2013 • ^ ... toi d toan m^ch: - Hoc sinh li6n hf thuc t%: Di^n nang Co nine (ddng co di^n), Quang nang (chay d^n cbieu sing), l>ni^t ning (dun nau) Q = (RN + r)I^ (9.8) _ Ygu ciu hpe sinh nghien c6u s^ch giao... ngudn dien li: H = Ac6 (ch / A - Utglt /£lt = U„ /e (9.9) _ Yeu cau bpc sinh, tu (9.9) CMR H = R N / Rn + r (9.10) - Hpe sinh chiing mmh bieu thiic (9.10) >l09t dpng b: Uiao nbi^m vu ve ubA (li&n... bai tap, bdi bdo cdo; sdn phdm khdo sat, dieu tra ket hop ca kenh chu va kenh hmh; ket qua thi trinh bay bao cdo, Trong cac bdi ty luan, ben cgnh cdc cdu hdi Idem tra kien thiic DLDP cd he thdng,