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o%?l^£l 65 VAN HOA KHOA HQC THUONG THIJC Nguyin Van T d hpc gia uyen bac di dau trong sir nghiep truyen ba quoc ngiir NGUYEN XUYfN Nguyin Van To, bfit hieu l^ng Hoe, sinh ngiy 5 6 1889 (1), nh i phfi[.]
65 o%?l^£l: VAN HOA - KHOA HQC THUONG THIJC Nguyin Van T d - hpc gia uyen bac di dau sir nghiep truyen ba quoc ngiir NGUYEN XUYfN N guyin Van To, bfit hieu l^ng Hoe, sinh ngiy 5-61889 (1), n h i phfi Bdt SQ, quin Hoan K.em, Ha Npi, mot gia dinh n h i nho Thud nhfi, fing hpe chD Han, sau chuyin sang hpc Phap Sau tfit nghigp Trudng Thdng ngdn (College des interprgtes), vdt bdng trung hpc, dng dupc nhdn vao lam vide tgi Trudng V i l n Dong Bae Co (Ecole Franpaise d'Extr&me - Onent), mot cO quan nghi&n cdu iieh sD van hfia ciia ngudi Phip d H i Npi, mflt trung tam khoa hpc nhdn vdn tdp hpp ede nhin vdt danh gid bde nhi't m i so dong Id ngudi Phap Ong Id ngudi Vi&t Nam nhat dupe ph^p sda van Phdp cho moi bdi viet dang tren tap chi ciia Trudng nay, k l cd bdl viel cCia gidm dfie ngudi Phip Tgi ddy, ong da trfi Ihanh mflt hpe gia uy&n bde, dupc c i c dong nghi&p ngudl Phap kinh n l Ong v i l l nhieu b i i khao cdu, gidi thidu truyen thfing vdn hfia ddn tde bdng tilng Phdp tr&n nhDng tap ehi co uy lin nhu Ky yeu eua TrUdng Vien Ddng Bae CO, cde bao Avenirdu Tonkin (Tuong lgi cua xQ Bdc Ky - xuit ban tai H i Not), Courrier dHai Phong (Thu tfn Hai Phflng - xuat b i n d Hai Phflng) Ong cfin la edy but chu lue cdc bio vd tgp chi nfii tieng nhu- Nam phong, Ddng Thanh, TrITri T"n(an-Trfin tgp chi Tr/fan, ch!trong nam (19411945), flng da efi tfii 114 bai, trung blnh mot ndm vtet hon hai chue bdi Ong tDng Idm Hfli trufing Hpi Tri Tri Cflng trlnh trUdc Idc cita ong (chQ Quoc ngD vd ehQ Phap) rat cd gia In phan ldn in cde tgp ehi Trt Tn, Vien Ddng Bkc Co Tn Tan xult bin fi Hd Nfli Trdn tdp san ciia Trudng Vien Dflng Bdc Cfi, flng da ddng nhteu bdi ve van hfia Viet Nam nhu "Cdy cfi nghg thudt Vifit Nam", "Chfia Vifit Nam" "Gfim Ogi La" ^ TQ ndm 1932 d i n 1936, ong da cong bfi trfin ldp san ciia Hfli TriTn nhilu bdt nghifin cdu nfii tilng bang tieng Phdp v l lieh sQ, khio co hpc, v i n hpc nhu "Nguon gfic ehQ Qufic ngQ", "SQ hpc vd k h i o co hpc Viet Nam NhDng cdng trlnh nghifin cQu lifin nginh vd chuyen sdu, bao puat nhilu ITnh vpc khoa hpc xd hfli nhu, sQ hpe, khao cfi hpe, vdn hpe, ngfln ngQ hpc, ddn tfie hpe, ton gido hoc, vdn hfia hpc, vdn hfia ddn gian da gdy dupc tteng vang Idn, nfii dung c i c cdng trlnh I h l hidn mdt t l m ldng y6u nufic nfing ndn Vfii vfin kiln thQc sdu rfing, flng d i nghifin cdu nhilu phuong dign hpc thudt chu d l , de tdi h i t sDe mfii m i nhu ^ "Thdi tien sd d Bic Ky'^{^933) "NhQng bai tha chUa in dai id", "Nguon gde cae mki eong" ^^934), Ngdi ehua An-Nam (1941), 'NhOng vkt dung ngdi ehua An-Nam, Vua Gia Long ddi vdi dkn Bac Thanh (1942), Tdn giao nude Nam Vet tich thknh Dai La{^943), LiehsdHd Tay, Gdc iieh thknh Hue Dd tha euata (^944) Khi gidi d eac den chua vk nghi ve dpi xUa, Phgp quan dien eiia nddc ta (1945)., Khong eh? dich thudt, gidi thieu eae edng Irlnh nghifin cDu heh sQ, van mmh van hoa Tay A - Cdn Dflng, Angkor, Hy Lap, Trung Hoa, ong eon dt sau khao sdt ddc dilm cie vung van hoa qua cac tieu luan Var) hda phUdng Ddng (1932), Quan he Uch sd giQa Nhat Ban va Wef A/am (1933), Van hoa Ddng DUdng (1943), Tuc ngQ ta so vdi tpc ngQ Tau vk tuc ngQ Tay (1944) Nguyen Van To co nhieu eong trinh nghign cDu v i phfi binh van hpc, chii y l u dupe cong bfi tD thip ky 30 d i n Caeh mang Thang Tam 1945, Ong sUu tdp, dieh va gidi thigu cac tdc gia, tac pham Han Nflm chD Qufic ngD SU lich On NhU hau Hoa tien, Nguyen Du vk Truyen Kieu Tha xukn ddt Hong Ddc, Thd Hong Ddc bd chlnh, Thd vinh sd ddi Hong DUc Nguyen Vdn Tfi gidi thigu rflng rai vdn phim eua cac t i c gia Lfi Thinh Tong (1442-1497), Tnnh Cdn (16331709) Lfi Quy Dfln (1726-1784) Ddng DQc Sifiu (17501810), Nguyen Huy LUpng (1758-1808), Nguyin Khuyin (1835-1909) Ddc bigt, flng khdo sdt thi phim Kim Vkn 66, Kieu cOa Nguyin Du (1765-1820) tUdng quan vdi t i l u thuylt Kim Vkn Kiiu truyfin cCia Thanh T i m T i i Nhdn (Trung Qufic) Nguyin Vdn Tfi dpe l i m , v i l t nhilu vfii mge dich truyln b i tri thDc lieh sil, v i n hda Vifit Nam nhim thde tinh Ifing yfiu nude cho dfing bdo mlnh Dpi Vigt d$t sd v i Sd ta so vdi sd Tku l i hai cfing trinh dupc fing v i l t cfing phu v i ddi hOi hon ca Dfi Id nhQng sach sd cfi gid tn hpc thudt cd tinh chiln dau cao vd an ehda sU kfiu gpi ehong thUc d i n Phdp thfii dfi Trong thdi k'i' Mdt trdn Dan chii (1936- 1939), "theo de nghj cDa dong chi Trufing Chinh, XQ iiy Bdc Kv* quyet dinh van dflng mot so to chQc cong khai ehong ngn mu chQ" Dong chi Trudng Chinh v i dfing chf Hoing Qufic Vi6t cQ ong Phan Thanh d i n mdi Nguyin Vdn To cung ddng lap H6i truyln b i Qufic ngD Sau dfi, nhfim nhDng ngudi sing lap, dd eo c i c ong Phan Thanh, Nguyen Vdn Tfi, Bi:ii K9, Vo Nguygn Giip, T r i n Huy Liiu, Ddng Thai Mai, Nguyen Van Huyen, Hoang Xudn Han, Quan Xuin Nam da hpp bufii d i u tien lgi nhd Png Phan Thanh, va b i u mot Ban tri su idm thdi fing Nguyin Van Tfi Idm Hfli trudng Nguyin Van To lam dOn gDi Thong sQ Bde Ky xm lap Hfii vd hogt dfing theo phip luat hien hanh Nguyen Van To cd hpc thdc uyen bac, sdng sach, khong mang danh Ipi, b i n ITnh khing khai, trung thuc, cho ngn CO uy tin Idn doi vdi e i c t i n g Idp nhdn ddn, nhat Id gidi tri IhDc, Ihanh niin va c i doi vdi nhilu ngudi Phap Nhan nhigm vy Hfli trufing Hoi Truyln bd Quoc ngQ, Nguyen Van Tfi thuflc Idp nhin si, tri thdc y&u nUde, lay dufing hogt dflng van hda ning eao dan tri Idm sy nghi&p cfia mlnh Don xin Idp Hpi da gQi di, nhung Sa-ten, vien Thong sQ Bie Ky, ePn dang dilu tra, d i n thl ngiy 25-5-1938, tgi hoi quan Hoi The thao An-nam (CSA) Sac-lo Cu-bi-& (nay Id Khiic Hgo), Hfli tfi chdc dien thuylt Ifin, cfi dflng eho vi&e truyen ba quoc ngD, eo hang nghin ngUdi du eae gidi d i n dU "Diing gid, ong Nguyin Vdn To budc l&n diln ddn, k l qua ve lieh sQ ehQ quoc ngQ va mgc dieh Hfli Truyen b i Qufic ngQ hi&n dang Idp, cDng c i m On eong chung da den dp eude hpi hpp ddng den the"(2) Ngay 29-7-1938, Thong sQ Bdc Ky ky giay eong nhin sp hogt ddng hpp phap ciia Hoi Try sfi Hfli d i t tgi 47 Hdng Qugt, ciing vdi Hfli TriTri Ngiy 9-9-1938, Hpi khai gidng khda hpe dau ti&n Thpc ddn Phdp lai thong tri mdt cho c i c cdng sQ Phap fi cae llnh phii dilu tra ky ludng, rfii mdi eho l i p chi hpi Truyen ba Quoc ngD Ong Hoi Irudng Nguyin V i n To nhilu lan bi tneu tap Sfi M i t thdm, nhUng trUdc nhQng cau tra Ifii co Iy le cua dng, ngudi Phdp khflng vin dupc cd gl d l ngan can cflng vific ciia Hdi Ong cdn day lui cde cudc tien cong, vfl higu hfia i m muu Idi kdo Hfli ohinh quyin thuc d i n ngfi y mufin trp cap cho Hpi Nguyen Vdn To efin thang thin vgch trin dm mUu xuyfin Ige lieh sQ de tuygn truyln IQg bip ciJa thpc ddn Phdp buoi l l khanh thdnh IDpng dit Alleh-xdng-do R6-do fi sau d i n Bd Kifiu, g i n hfi Hodn Kilm D l tri v i bao vfi dupe to ehDc Hdi, Nguyen Vdn To sDc u l n n i n kip thfii nhDng h i n h vi qud khich cua mfit ^^ s611-2012 D^Hy^f^ sfi niSn r i t h i n g h i i thinh q u i t l Cho d i n C i c h mgng T h i n g T i m 1945 vupt qua mufin vdn khfi khin, trfi ng^i chO y l u chlnh quyin thpc ddn Phdp g i y ra, Hfii d i trufing thinh v i d i l i p dupc 20 chi hfli fi B i c K?, 11 chi hfii fi Trung Ky vd chi hfii fi Nam Ky Sfi giio vifin cOa Hfli !6n tdi n i m nghin K l tCf n g i y thdnh l i p d i n nam 1945, Hfli hogt dfing dupc b i y n i m , g i y dupc mdt phong t r i o rong fi nhilu noi c i nudc, dgy dupc khoing t i m vgn ngufii biet doe, b i l t v i l t v i mdt sfi d i l u thudng Ihdc can b i l l Cich mgng Thdng T i m nam 1945 thinh cfing, sy nghigp truyen bd quoe ngQ dUpe eoi la quoe sieh, trfi thinh mot ba mdt tran ehong do't, chfi'ng dot v i chong giic ngogi xdm Nha Binh d i n hpc vy dupc thinh Idp, k l tye sp nghigp truyln b i quo'e ngO Nhan Idt mfii cCia Chii tjch Ho Chi Minh, Nguyen Van Tfi hing hai ganh vae viec nudc trfin cddng vi Bd trddng CQu le - Xa hoi Chinh phO l i m thfii Sau Tong tuyen cD d i u tien (6-1-1946), Nguyen Van Tfi dupc b l u lam Trufing ban Thufing trpc Quoe hpi khfia 1; Qufic vy khanh Chinh phu "Lien higp Qufie ddn" Toan qufic khang chien bung no, dng cDng Chu hch Ho Chi Minh v i Chfnh phu rDt lfin Vi&t B i c t i l p tgc cuoc khang chien chong Phap Ngdy 7-10-1947, gidc Phip bang qudn du bp chdp nhodng xufing B i e Cgn, fing bi gide Phap bit- Bl danh ddp, ong v l n ung dung Ifin dn gay gat chien tranh xam lupc, Nhdn dupc bao c i o eua Tu Ifinh quin Phap d Bie Dflng Duong Id tufing Xa-ling, Cao iiy Ddng Duong BO-le vfii bay tQ Sai Gfin Ngay sau dfi, qudn Phip da thu tieu Nguyen Van To Trong L l truy dieu mupn mfit nam (5-1948), tgi chiln khu Vi&t Bie, Chu tjeh Ho Chi Minh da dpc Lfii dieu vfii nhQng Ifii Ie trdn trpng, thong thilt v i s i u sic, dfi efi dogn: "NhfiCy xua Van chuong thuan tuy, hpc v l n cao s i u Thai dp hiln ID, tinh tinh khilt Mfi mang vdn hda, cy doc mflt Ifing Phij quy cdng danh, cy ndo cd thiet D i n ngdy ddn too giii phfing thdnh cflng Thi cy sdn sdng tay giOp vi&e Vdl Cy, d i n tpc mat mdt ngudi chl sT, t h l gifii mat mfit ngudl danh nho Cho nen, Chinh phii khfin xiet noi bufin r l u , dfing b i o khdn x i l l long thuOng tile."(3) NhOng eong hiln ciia Nguyin Vdn Tfi vdi sg nghi&p giai phdng ddn tflc ndi chung, vfii phong Irdo truyln ba Qufic ngQ nfii rifing, l i mflt diem son cQa dudng loi t i p hpp trf thQe eua D i n g vd Chii tich Hfi Chl Minh Tam guong ciia lifit sT Nguyin Vdn Tfi, nguyfin Hfii trudng Hoi Truyln b i Qufic ngQ, l i n i l m ly hdo cQa tri IhDc v i n l n giio dye Vifit Nam (1) Bao N h i n Ddn, sfi 19641, ngiy 5-6-1989 (2) B i o Trung B i c T i n Vdn, so ngdy 28-5-1938 (3) Ho Chi Minh Todn tdp - NXB CTQG - H - 1995 - T - t r 434-435 ... cfi gid tn hpc thudt cd tinh chiln dau cao vd an ehda sU kfiu gpi ehong thUc d i n Phdp thfii dfi Trong thdi k''i'' Mdt trdn Dan chii (1936- 1939), "theo de nghj cDa dong chi Trufing Chinh, XQ iiy... Cao iiy Ddng Duong BO-le vfii bay tQ Sai Gfin Ngay sau dfi, qudn Phip da thu tieu Nguyen Van To Trong L l truy dieu mupn mfit nam (5-1948), tgi chiln khu Vi&t Bie, Chu tjeh Ho Chi Minh da dpc