Vấn đề phát huy trí tuệ việt nam trong sự nghiệp xây dựng đất nước hiện nay

CHAO MUNG BAI HQI BANG TOAN QUOC LAN THU XI VAN OE PHAT HUY TRI TUE VIET NAM • • sy nghiep xdy dung ddt nuoc hien PGS, TS TRUOfNG MINH DUC* K hai niem "tri tue" dupe cac tfl dien Tie'ng Viet diin dat la "kha nang nhan thflc ly ti'nh dat de'n mdt trinh dp nha't dinh"-^ hay "kha nang nhan thflc, suy xet bang bd dc"^ Cdn Nguyen Van Dam thi cho rang, tri tue la "phan suy nghi, tu eua eon ngubi, bao gdm nhflng kha nang tudng tupng, ghi nhd, phe phan, ly luan, thu nhan kien thflc cd the tien len tdi phat minh khoa hpc, sang tao van nghe"^ Theo giao ly Phat giao, tri tue la sir hieu bie't can ban va chu ye'u mang tinh minh bach va dung dan gpi la "chi'nh kie'n" Phat giao Bac tdng thi cho rang, tri tue la kha nang nhan thflc can ban, gan vdi ddng tiep ndi hen tuc cua tam thflc, ban chat eua nd la tie'ng khdng, sang va rang ngbi, giup "nhin thay" hay cam nhan dupc ban the dfch thurc va td'i hau cua mpi hien tupng* Dfl cd nhflng each diin dat khac nhau, nhung tien phutmg dien tdng quat, tri tue ed nghia la sir hieu bie't nflnh bach va tubng tan cac su vat, hien tupng cua tur nhien, xa hdi va tu Sir phat trien cua mdi da't nude phu thude ehu ye'u vao tri tue va ban hnh cua nhflng ea nhan xua't sfie a da't nude dd Qua trinh lieh sfl nudc ta khang dinh vai trb eiia tri tue dd'i vdi qua trinh phat trien eua da't nudc Tfl thurc tien phat trien cua lich sfl nudc nha, * Hgc vien Chfnh tri - Hanh chinh khu vuc III 18 Than Nhan Trung bai ky de tren bia Tie'n si khoa Nham Tuat, nien hieu Dai Bao thfl (1442) da td'ng ke't cd tfnh khai quat: "Hien tdi Id nguyen quoc gia, nguyen thinh thi the nuac mqnh md cdng len cao; nguyen suy thi nuac yeu md edng xudng thdp B&i vdy, cae bdc vua tdi gioi dai xua, chdng cd ddi ndo Iqi khong chdm lo nuoi duang vd ddo tao hien tdi boi dap them nguyen khi" Trong qua trinh lanh dao each mang nuoc ta, Dang ta lubn ludn cd chfnh saeh phfl hpp de phat huy tri tue Viet Nam sur nghiep ldn cflu nuac Thbi ky each mang cbn tiong "trflng nube", Nguyen Ai Qud'c - Ho Chf Minh vdi tu duy, tam nhin sang sudt va uy tin to ldn da cam hda, thuye't phue dupe nhieu nhan si, tri thflc tieu bieu tham gia khd'i dai doan ket dan tdc, bat chap hiem nguy di theo each mang, hy sinh cho nghiep ldn Th&ng lpi cua Cach mang Thang Tam va hai eupe khang chie'n chd'ng thurc dan Phap (1945 - 1954), chd'ng My cflu nutrc (1954 -1975) la thSng lai cua tri tue Viet Nam Hoang Phe (chu bien): TLT dien Tie'ng Viet Nxb Da Ning Trung tam tut dien xuat ban, 1996, tr 999 NguySn Nhu Y (chu bien): Dai tU dien Tieng Viet, Nxb VHTT, H, 1998 NguySn Van Dam: TCr dien Tie'ng Viet tudng giai va lien tuang, Nxb VHTT.H, 2004.^ Hoang Phong: Y nghTa ciia tri tue Phat giao, www.Bai Tang kinh Viet Nam CHAO MUNG BAI HOI BANG TOAN QUOC LAN THU XI Nghi quyet Hdi nghi Trung uong (khda X) da ehi Trong sunghiep xay dung chu nghia xa hdi, nhat la qua thuc hien dubng ldi ddi mdi Dang ta kh'oi xudng va nhflng han che, ye'u kem, mdt thurc te la trinh dp lanh dao, tri tue Viet Nam khdng ngimg phat huy Cu the cua trf thflc Viet Nam cbn nhieu bat cap, sd lupng va la suphat trien va trudng eua dpi ngu tri thflc ca ve chat lupng ehua dap flng dupe yeu eau eua su phat sdluong lin chat lupng Theo cac ngudn tai Heu ehinh trien da't nube "Trong khoa hoc tu nhien vd cong nghe, thd'ng, de'n giiia nam 2007, Viet Nam ed khoang 2,6 trieu sdcdng trinh duqc cong bd, sdsdng che duqc ddng ky ngubi cd trinh dp dai hpc tidlen, chiem 4,5% luc lupng lao qudc tecdn qud it Trong khoa hoc xd hoi vd nhdn vdn, ddng, tiong dd, cd tien 18.000 thae si, 16.000 tien si va nghien cuu ly ludn eon thieu khd ndng du bdo vd dinh tie'n si khoa hpc, tien 6.000 giao su, phd giao su Udc ti'nh huang, ehua gidi ddp duqc nhieu vdn de thuc tiln tdng sdtri thflc, cdng chflc, rien chflc cua ca nube Men ddi mai ddt ra, ehua eo eong trinh sdng tao ldn, nhieu la khoang 3,5 trieu ngutri Tri thflc lam riec eong trinh cdn saluqc, chep" "Trinh cua tri ihue khu vuc surngMep cMem 71%, khu vuc hanh chinh cMem a nhieu ea quan nghien ciiu, trudng dqi hoc tut hdu so gan 22% va khu vuc kinh doanh 7% Day la luc lupng lao vdiyeu cduphdt trien ddt nudc vd so vdi mot sdnudc dpng tri tue rat quan trpng cua xa hpi nudc ta, nha't la tien tien khu vuc, nhdt Id ve ndng luc sdng tqo, khd ndng thuc hdnh vd ung dung, khd ndng giao tiep giai doan cdng nghiep hda, Men dai hda, Ngoai ebn phai ke de'n lure lupng trf thflc Viet bang ngoai ngit vd sic dung cong nghe thong tin"^ Cai Nam a nudc ngoai cd khoang 400,000 ngutri, chiem yeu nha't hien cua ldp trf thflc gia la rat han ehe kha nang sfl dung tin hpc Cai ye'u nha't hien cua tren 10% sd ngudi Viet Nam dang a nube ngoai, Tuy ehua dap flng dupe yeu cau nhung vdi mdt ldp trf trfle tre la sir hieu bie't sau ve linh virc minh nude dang phat trien, nhflng sdtren khdng phai la dang lam, kha nang nghien cflu, kha nang td'ng ke't qua nhb, Nhin vao cdng trang, tri thflc Viet Nam thdng minh, sang tao, trpng nghia ca, san sang khude tfl giau sang, tham chf hi sinh ca than minh de dan tdc va da't nudc cd Nhung tiru dat dupe thbi ky dd'i mdi tren cac linh virc kinh te, van hda, khoa hpc, giao due gan lien vdi sir ddng gdp to ldn cua dpi ngu trf thflc Tuy nhien, nMn chung tri thflc nudc ta cbn tMeu va yeu, tai nang nd'i bat cbn it, uy tin qudc techua nhieu, khat vpng sang tao cbn han che, mpt so'trf thflc giam Slit y ehi Ve sd lupng, mac dfl dpi ngu trf thflc cd tang nMeu nhung van tha'p hon cac qud'c gia khac ve ty le so vdi dan cuva trinh dp cbn han che Chat lupng dpi ngu tri thflc tha'p, van chua hpp ly va dang cb xu the lao hda He thdng giao due, dao tao nuac ta cbn nhieu bat cap ca ve chutmg trinh giao due - dao tao, trinh dp thay ed giao.,,, cbn nMeu tieu cue he thd'ng tM cfl va cap van bang, chflng chi Theo danh sach cdng bd ket qua binh chpn 200 trubng dai hpc hang dau the gidi eiia tap chf Times Higher Education thi khdng cd trubng nao cua Viet Nam dflng vao top 200 Tham chi, ngubi ta cb xe'p hang 400 hoac 500 trubng dai hpc the gibi, chua ch^c cd trubng dai hpc nao cua Viet Nam dflng hang ngu dbi Viec sfl dung dpi ngu trf thflc va phat huy vai trd eua hp cflng dat nhieu van de bfle xfle can quan tam giai quye't: - Trude het, theo danh gia cua nhieu hpc gia, trf thflc la chung ta dang thieu mpt chie'n lupc dao tao va phat huy tai nguyen chat xam cfla qud'c gia du tai nguyen dd dang d nude hay d ngoai nude; thie'u mpt cai nhin khoa hpc, tien tien ve trf thflc; coi trpng kinh nghiem, de cao nhflng gia tri thurc dung Da ed thbi die'm, nhirng quan niem nhu vay chi phd'i each nMn nhan ve tri thflc, tao sur tMeu tin cay lan nhau, tac ddng tieu cure tdi mpt bd phan khdng nhd trf thflc, vbi nhflng ngubi cb ngudn gd'c xua't than tfl cdng nhan va ndng dan - Thli hai, chua cd mbi trubng that sir dan chu eho phat huy trf tue eua mpi ngudi Vi khdng cd mdi truang that sir dan chu nen tinh trang ddc quyen chan ly mdt thM gian dai Day la nhan td'kim ham sir phat huy trf tue va kim ham sir phat trie'n cua khoa hpc - Thli ba, co ehe trpng dung nhan tai cdn nhieu bat cap Vdi CO ehe Men nay, chflng ta dang trpng dung bang cap hon trpng dung ngubi tai NMeu ngiroi cfl Bao Lao Ddng, thur 5, 11 thang 11 nam 2010 Dang Cdng sin Viet Nam: Van kien Hgi nghi Ban Chap hanh Trung uang lin thur (khoa X), Nxb CTQG, H, 2007 19 CHAO MUNG BAI HQI BANG TOAN QUOC LAN THU XI ngd nhan rang, bang cap la ta't ca va tren het Ti vay, nhien Mdt xa hdi, mdt ca nhan khdng the tdn tai va tfl che dp luong bong, dai ngd ehi danh cho ngubi ed phat trie'n sur d nhiim cua mdi trubng ma chflc ed quyen, khdng khuye'n khich nha khoa hpc lam chinh nhirng ngudi, ca nhan da va dang ldy di cdng tac chuyen mdn Tam ly mudn sir dung bang cap tuang lai ehi de thda man cho Men tai Theo nhan de leo len nhflng vi tri lanh dao chfl khdng phai sfl dinh cua GS Hoang Tuy: "Tren mot nen tdng dao diic dung bang cap de lam chuyen mdn, de cdng Men cho hoc thuqt nhu vdy md sd tien si,"vien sl" dom mSi khoa hpe Cho nen a nudc ta cd mpt tinh trang day ndm deu tdng vdi mot miic khong co nudc ndo nghich If ngutri ed bang cap thi nhieu, nhung sir cdng khu vuc bi kip thi thii hoi sua nhiim moi trudng khoa Men cho khoa hpc rat han che, nhieu nha khoa hpe hoc nguy hiem den ddu Khi sugian ddi da len vdo hang nam khdng cdng bd dupe cdng trinh khoa hpc moi hoat dong khoa hoc vd gido due thi no co nguy ca nao Dung nhu tac gia Le Thanh Phong nhan xet: bien thdnh mot nep sdng, mot net vdn hda phd bien "Chung ta co nhieu gido su, tien sy, nhung khan hiem cue ky xa'u xa cua xd hqi"^ cong trinh nghien cicu khoa hoc cogid tri Chua co trudng Tfl thirc trang dpi ngu tri thflc va viec phat huy trf dqi hoc ndo cua VietNam cong bdduqc mot eong trinh tue Viet Nam thai gian qua, de phat huy tri tue Viet khoa hoe gdy suchuycua eong dong khoa hoc qudc te"'^.Nam sir nghiep cdng nghiep hda, hien dai hba - Thli tu, dieu kien lam viec thie'u thdn, viec lam khdng dung sd trubng, ddi sdng khd khan, mdi trubng xa hpi khbng thuan lpi,, Ve dbi sdng cua gidi trf thflc khoa hpe, lutmg mdt giao su gibi dai hpc cM vai trieu/ thang va ed noi de'n ca phdng lamriecriengeung khdng cd, cac trang thie't bi cho nghien cflu khoa hpc nhu Internet, phbng thf ngMem,,, cho den cac dich vu van phbng cbn han che, Ve dieu kien sinh sdng cua tri thflc khoa hpe Viet Nam tM "thfl lao dupc tra can cfl vao tham men va luong cflng tha'p den ndi cac giang rien dai hpe phai "di dem" rat nhieu de cd the dam bao cupc sd'ng", nhu hai tac gia Thomas J, Vallely va Ben Wilkinson nhan xet^, Vi thie'u mdi trubng khoa hpc nen nhieu nhan tai nirdc ta phai nude ngoai mdi phat huy dupe trf tue cua minh, Trubng hop nghe sy nhan dan Dang Thai Son, GS Ngd Bao Chau va nhieu nha trf thflc khac nudc ngoai mdi ed mdi trubng dao tao va nghien cflu td't de phat huy tai nang, trf tue cua minh la minh chung dien Mnh, De tdn tai da bupc nha nghien cflu khoa hpc hoac "gac khoa hpe" lai de muu sinh hoac chdn chdn ngodi de ed phu thu,,, Hp phai tur xoay va xoay gidi lai khang dinh sir "thflc thM" trudc sur ed dien cua nguyen tae nghien cuu, Khi ma Id'i sd'ng va dbi sd'ng cua ngubi, nha't la cua gibi tri thflc khoa hpe, dac biet cfla dpi ngfl tri thflc nganh giao due - dao tao va nghien cuu khoa hpc, khdng the tiem can vbi gia tri van hda cflng nhu gia tri cua "chan, thien, m f thi su dao ldn cac gia tri, trat turxa hpi hay d nhiim mbi truang xa hdi, mdi trurong tur nhien la le duong 20 Men nay, can thurc hien td't cac van de sau: - Phdi coi ddo tqo vd su dung ed hieu qud nguon nhdn lue lao dong noi chung vd nguon nhdn luc tri tue noi rieng Thai ky mdi dat yeu cau mbi dd'i vbi sir nghiep giao due - dao tao, dbi hdi phai timg budc dd'i mdi he thd'ng giao due qud'c dan, cai each he thdng dao tao, tfl giao due mam non den dai hpe nham nang eao dan tri, tao ngudn phong phfl cho dpi ngfl trf thflc mdi, tao dieu kien de dpi ngfl tri thflc tre hoat ddng ta't ca eae hnh virc cfla nen kinh te qud'c dan Dieu dd dbi hoi phai xac dinh lai tfl muc tieu dao tao, ndi dung, phuong phap, phuong tien day va hpc cho de'n dau tu, cac ca che quanly, Ve phuong phap day va hpc cung phai dd'i mbi theo hubng "daf tie'p can den "hubng din khoa hpc" va "hpc" tiep can de'n "tap dupt nghien cflu khoa hpc" nham dap flng nhu cau sang tao, tim tdi cai mdi^", Cham lo tao ngudn trf thflc tre, timg bubc trf thflc hda dd'i vdi can bp lanh dao, quan ly chu chd't d cac co quan dang, nha nudc, cac doan the chi'nh tri cua quan ehung, Cd chie'n lupc dao tao, tao ngudn dpi ngu trf thflc cfla cac dan tdc thieu sd, em cua nhirng ngubi theo dao, Bao Lao ddng, thir 5, 11 thang 11 nam 2010 Han/ard ve khung khoang giao due dai hoc Viet Nam, Dai An, Tuin Viet Nam, 21-09- 2009 GS Hoang Tuy: Tri Idi phdng van, Viet bao, thur 4, 22 thang 03 nam 2006 10 GSNguySnCanh Toan: Ddi ngu nha giao hdm nay, Nhan dan cudi tuin, sd47(1.138), 21 thang 11 nam 2010 CHAO MUNG BAI HOI BANG TOAN QUOC LAN THU XI - Tqo moi trudng thudn Iqi cho hoat dong khoa hoc, phdt huy tinh tich cue lao dong sdng tqo cua tdng lap tri thiie + Thurc Men dan chu hoat dpng nghien cuu khoa hpc, khoi day trf tue cua dpi ngu trf thflc sang tao khoa hpc - ky thuat va cdng nghe, van hda, nghe thuat + Cd cMnh sach thu hflt va sfl dung cd Meu qua dpi ngii tri thflc, dae biet la cac nha khoa hpc cd tam ca qud'c gia, can bd khoa hpc dau dan + Cd ehinh sach dau tu thda dang eho viec xay dung CO so vat chat Theo GS Hoang Tuy, vdi dam me khoa hpc, niem vui eua dpi ngu tri thflc la sang tao, mudn phat huy tdi da nang lure sang tao dd thi "hp can luong du de danh trpn thdi gib lam viec" "Nhung ddng thbi de lam viec ed hieu qua hp cbn can chb lam viec du tien nghi td'i thieu, can phutmg tien lam viee thuan tien (phbng tM nghiem, thu vien, Internet, thdng tin, lien lac), can hau can khoa hpc tdt (hd trp cac viec van phdng), ", Dieu kien va mdi trubng la be phbng cho nha khoa hpc, Va hp "can sir thdng cam, ung hp va tdn trpng cua xa hpi va cac ca quan quan ly, can cb ban be, ddng ngMep, hpc trb va bau khdng khf sinh hoat hpc thuat dan ehu, phdng khoang, lanh manh, khuye'n khich sutrao dd'i binh dang gifla cac y kien khac nhau, v,v,,, Chi vbi nhflng dieu kien va mpt mbi trubng nhur the mdi hy vpng ed nMeu nha khoa hpe lam riec dem, lan xa vao nhiing nhiem vu khd khan nhat, nhu thubng tha'y d cac trung tam khoa hpc ldn tren the gidi" - Cdn cd ehinh sdch uu tien ddo tqo, tuyen chon, sii dung vd ddi ngo thich ddng nhdn tdi Coi Men tai la nguyen kM cua qudc gia, Nube ta can cd nhan tai tren mpi linh vuc, trirdc he't la tren cac hnh vuc cM'nh tri, kinh te, khoa hpc - edng nghe, van hda nghe thuat, the thao, mpi qud'c gia eoi nhan tai ludn la mdt sdnhb, De ed nhan tai Dang va Nha nudc phai ed chi'nh sach phat Men, dao tao, cham sde eae nhan tai tfl cap thdng, Phai cd ca che de mpi ngubi cb the hpe tap ren luyen, dua tranh tai nang, Ca che chinh la co che dan ehu hpc tap, edng tae Can mora nMeu hubng phat trien cho tai nang ngubi: cb the linh -vuc nha nirdc hoac tu nhan, cd the linh vuc cM'nh tri hoac kinh te, hoac khoa hpe - cdng nghe, cd the dtrong nube va eung cd the d nude ngoai Nube ta pha'n dau cd nMeu nha cM'nh tri ldi lac hon, cd nhflng nha ty phfl, cb ngubi dupe giai Ndben, eb nhieu nha van hba the gibi, cd nhieu nha the thao vd dich the gidi - Cb cMnh sach bdi dubng, thu hut nhan tai cua the gibi hdi tu d nude ta nhu cho phep hp dutrc vao eu trfl, lam an lau dai a nude ta, giam thue thu nhap cho hp xud'ng mflc thap nhat, cho hp ed quyen mua nha, mua quyen sfl dung da't - Trong chinh sach tien luong, Dang va Nha nudc can ed che dp tien luong uru tien hon ddi vbi tang ldp tri thflc, dac biet la dd'i vdi cae chuyen gia, cac nha khoa hpc Cung vdi cM'nh sach tien luong, can phai cb che dp ehfnh saeh ve nha d, phuong tien lam viec va nghien cflu khoa hpc, ehe dp tham quan ngMen cflu thirc teva trao ddi kinh ngMem a nube va nube ngoai Can cb cMnh sach thu lao mdt each thda dang ddi vdi nhirng cdng trinh khoa hpe ed gia tri thurc tien Trpng dung va tdn vinh cac nhan tai ve khoa hpc bang each tra luong cao cho cac nha khoa hpc, edng nghe dau nganh, cd nhieu sang tao va phong thudng cho hp cae danh vi xung dang Kien toan he thd'ng cac ea quan ngMen cflu va giang day, ngMen cflu vaflngdung, gan cbng nghe vdi thi trutmg, gan cac riec ngMen cflu vdi cac doanh nghiep, Dd'i mdi he thd'ng dao tao canbp khoa hpc, che dp hpc ham, hpcvi, - Doi mdi su ldnh dao cua Ddng ddi vdi tri thiic Cb chfnh saeh tan dung tiem nang chat xam cua dpi ngfl trf thflc, phai trf thflc khoa hpc hda dang, nhat la dpi ngfl can bd cac cap cua Dang, xay dung md'i quan he hiru ca gifla Dang vdi tang ldp tri thflc, Phai xay dung cMen lupc khoa hpc - edng nghe phfl hpp vdi thM ky phat trien cua da't nube 21 ... va viec phat huy trf dqi hoc ndo cua VietNam cong bdduqc mot eong trinh tue Viet Nam thai gian qua, de phat huy tri tue Viet khoa hoe gdy suchuycua eong dong khoa hoc qudc te"'^ .Nam sir nghiep... thir 5, 11 thang 11 nam 2010 Han/ard ve khung khoang giao due dai hoc Viet Nam, Dai An, Tuin Viet Nam, 21-09- 2009 GS Hoang Tuy: Tri Idi phdng van, Viet bao, thur 4, 22 thang 03 nam 2006 10 GSNguySnCanh... lin chat lupng Theo cac ngudn tai Heu ehinh trien da't nube "Trong khoa hoc tu nhien vd cong nghe, thd'ng, de'n giiia nam 2007, Viet Nam ed khoang 2,6 trieu sdcdng trinh duqc cong bd, sdsdng che