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TAP CHf P H A T T R I ^ N N H A N Li;C, S 5(31)"2012 57 GIAO DUC KY N A N G S N G CHO HOC SINH, SINH VI^N GOP PHAN N A N G C A O C H A T Ll/dNG NGUdN N H A N LlIC NGUYini LONG GIAO N tiutig ndm gan ddy, giao due ky ndng sd^ng dffdc sff quan tam ca ttong vd ngodi nffdc Dien ddn the'gidi ve gido due cho mpi ngffdi lai Senegan (2000), eflng nhtf Chffdng trinh hdnh ddng Dakar da d l muc tidu, ttong dd cd nha'n manh "Mni qud'c gia phdi ddm bdo cho ngffdi hpc dffdc lie'p can chffdng ttinh giao due ky ndng so'ng phfl hdp" va ddng tiidi yeu clu "Khi ddnh gid cha't Itfdng giao due cin phai ddnh gid ky ndng sd'ng cua ngtfdi hpc" Nhtf vay, gido diic ky ndng sd'ng cho ngffdi hpc Id mot nhiem vu hd't sffc quan ttpng ddi vdi gido due cdc nffdc ndi chung vd Vidt Nam ndi rieng Khi dl cap de'n van d l ky nang sd'ng, khd nhieu quan niem dffdc trtnh bay, diln dat dffdi nhieu gde vd cdch tid'p can khde Quy nhi ddng Lien Hidp Qud'c (UNICEF) quan niem ky nang sdng Id cdch tie'p can gidp thay ddi hoac hinh thdnh hdnh vi mdi Caeh tilp cdn ndy lifu f dd'n sff cdn bing v l tie'p thu kien Ihffc, hinh thdnh thdi vd ky ndng Trong khi, td chffe y te the' gidi (WHO) tiii coi ky ndng sdng la nhflng ky ndng mang tinh tam 1^ xa hpi, ky ndng v l giao tid'p 6\i(5c van dung ttdng nhffng tinh hudng hing ngdy d l tffdng tde mdt each hieu qua vdi ngffdi khde vd giai quyd'l cd hieu qud nhfltig vd'n d l , nhfltig llnh hu^ng cfia cudc sdng hdng ngdy Cdn td chffe van hda, khoa hpe vd giao due cfia Lien hiep qud'c (UNESCO) cho ring ky ndng song Id ndng life ca nhdn d l thffc hidn diy du cdc chffe ndng vd tham gia vdo cupe song hdng ngdy Khdng nhflng the, vi|e phan loai ky nang sdng eflng het sffc da dang vd phong phfl Neii nhff t6 chffe y te tile gidi (WHO) phdn gido due ky ndng " ThS Hieu trudng trudng THCS Khdnh Binh, Quan 8, Thanh H Chf Mmh song ldm nhdm: nhdm ky ndng nhdn thffc, nhdm ky ndng dffdng dau vdi xuc cam, nhdm ky ndng Iffdng tdc, tiii theo td chffe vdn hda, khna hpe vd gido due cua Lien h i | p qud^c (UNI-SCO), ky ndng sd'ng g^n vdi tru cdt gido due: hpc d l bie't, hpc d l ldm, hpe d l chung sd'ng vdi ngffdi khde, hoc d l ldm ngffdi Wdng d Viet Nam, nhilu ky ndng sdng dffdc hpc sinh, sinh vien mong dffdc tid'p can nhff: bie't tff nhan thffc dung ve bdn than; bid't sd'ng an todn, Idnh manh; biet ddt muc tidu phfl hdp vdi cudc sd'ng; bid'l giao tie'p cd hi|u qua; bid't uf hpc, Uf nghien cffti; biet dffdng dau vdi cam xflc cdng tiiang; bie't hpe phffdng phdp hpc; bi^t quyd'l djnh; bie't phdng tidnh te nan xa hdi; bie't tff sang tao; bid't thuyd^t phuc; biet bao ve mdi trtfdng sd'ng; biet tiitfdng Itfdng; bid't lim kie'm stf giup dd; bie't xac dinh gid tri; bid't chdi cac mdn thi thao; biet phdng ttdnh stf Iffa dao; bid't tff phd phan; bie't hdp tdc vd canh ttanh; biet giai quyd't mdu thuan, ttdnh bao Iffc; bie't dpc ngdn ngff cua cd till; biet tff kh^ng djnh minh., eho nen, cd thi dffdc phan loai ky ndng sd'ng theo ede m^i quan he: nhdm ede ky ndng nhan bid'l vd sd'ng vdi chinh minh: tff nhan thffc, xdc djnh gid tri, kilm sodt cam xuc, utig phd vdi cdng th^ng, ; nhdm cae ky ndng nhan bid'l vd sd'ng vdi ngffdi khde: giao tilp, gidi quye't mau thuan, thffdng Iffdng, tir chd'i, bdy td sff cam thdng, hdp tdc, ; nhdm cdc ky ndng quyd't dinh mdt cdch cd hidu qua: tim kid'm vd xd li thdng tin, tif phe phdn, ur sdng tao, quye't djnh, giai quy^t van de Nhff vay, ed till hilu ky ndng song Id ndng life, la cdch tiiffc Id cong cu md mpi ngffdi can cd de dd'i phd vd vffdt qua nhfltig thaeh tiiffc, gdp phan tich cffc ndng cao ehat Iffdng cudc sdng cfia chinh ban tiian vd cfia cpng ddng Vd gido due ky ndng sd'ng Id 58 NGUYEN LONG GIAO - GlAO DUC KY N A N G S ( N Q : hinh thdnh cdch song tieh cffc xa hdi hidn dai Id xay dffng nhffng hdnh vi Idnh manh vd lhay ddi nhfltig hdnh vi, thdi quen lidu cffc Irdn cd sd giiip ngffdi hpc cd cd kid'n ihffc gia in thai dd vd cdc ky ndng thich hdp., De iff tin ngffdi hpc se ed thdi dd lieh cffc dd'i vdi nhffng tinh hunng gay edng IhSng vd sfin s^ing chap nhan nhffng khd khdn, thff thdch cudc sd'ng Thffc te cho thdy ky ndng sd'ng ddng vai trd vd cflng quan ttpng, nn dffdc xem Id chia khda vdng dSn dd'n thdnh cdng eua cnn ngffdi cudc snng cung nhff irniig cnng viec Dn vay vice gidn due ky nang sd'ng chn hpe sinh, sinh vidn Id \ iec ldm vd cflng can thil^l vd hffu ieh dd'i vdi nen gido due (( cic nffdc phdi triln phffdng Tay, vice gian diic ky ndng sd'ng chn ta't ca cdc bae hnc dffde lien hdnh Iff lau ihie'u nidn da dffde bnc nhutig ky ndng snng vc nhflng tinh hud'ng sc xdy cudc snng each dd'i dien dffdng dau vd phffttng each vffdl qua nhi?ng khn khdn tiiff tiidch nh^m ttdnh hodc giam bdt nhutig mau thuan, xung dni, bao Iffc cd thi xay giffa ngffdi vdi ngffdi, giffa ngffdi vdi thidn nhien Ch^ng han nhff: Moi ndm khdi hoc sinh ldp cdc trffdng edng lap tai Pitiburgh (Anh) dffde tham gia vdt) mdt khod hpc ng^n cfia dff dn Cac ky ndng Nghe nghidp va Ly ihuye'l danh cho hpc sinh (OASES) Theo dd, cdc em se cd mdt ngdy d l khdi phue vd trang tri lai mot ngdi nh.i bd hoang Qua cdng vice, cdc em hpc dffdc ede k\ ndng nhff len kd'hoach, giao tie'p vdi cdng ddng vd quyet djnh nhdm Ngodi cdc em ed the phdt huy vd hpe hdi tiidm ede kie'n thffc ve ngdn ngff, khoa hpc chinh trj, lodn hpc vd xa bdi hpc Tffdng Iff, td'l ea mpi hnc sinh hpe ttong vd ngodi nffde My deu cd till ddng k^ chffdng trinh hoc Presidential Classroom de dd'n thii dd Washington ttong mdt luan, nghe nhfltig nhd chinh tri phai bilu, dffde hffdng dan tiiam quan bdi nhffng ehuydn vien nhilu kinh nghiem, tham dff cac budi hpp bdo bdn v l cdc van de hidn md dd't nffde dang gap phdi Sau khod hoc, hpc sinh ed kid'n thffc v l viee the'gidi chinh tti tiiffc stf boat ddng nhff tiid' ndo vd cd dnh htfdng gi tdi eude sd'ng cda nhdn ddn Tai tnrdng trung hpe Challenger d Colorado (My), gi^o vidn cd Ihl ld chffe lai thdi gian hoc hodc c6 thd day ede phffdng thffc nghien cffu^b^ng edeh Ini keo hpc sinh vdo dilu tta edng ddng tiiay vl chl dflng cdc nghidn cffti gidi han tiung tiiff vi|n () cdc trffdng dai hpc dd ed trffdng dai hoc Stanford California Berkeley, suih vifin thffdng Id ngffdi khdi xffdng cdc khod hpc vd en vai trd vide lhay dni chffdng tiinh hpc, Idm nn gan gui htfn vdi nhu c^u hpc cfia ho Tff nhffng ndm d/iu ih^p nidn 1980, cac UiT^Jng hpc tai My J.i dffa chffdng trinh Thanh thilu nidn vffdn X.I hdn (TOP) nhSm giup ede tiianh tiiil^u nidn tdng ctfdng ede hdnh vi tich ctfc d l d l ddng dat dffdc cdc muc tidu eude sdng, hS In* dat difdi Ciic ky ndng can thiet dc phdt triln vd c6 eude snng hanh phdc, khoe manh vd tao muc tidu song thdng qua cdc hoai dnng ddng gdp tich cffc cho cpng ddng Tai Hdn qudc, hpc sinh tilu hoc dffdc htK cdch dni phn thich fltig vdi ede lai nan nhff chay ddng dat, thien lai lai trung tam dieu hdnh tinh trang khan ca^p Seoul(l) Rieng d nfft^- la mac dfl thdi gian gan day ngdnh gido due da quan lam rsft nhilu den gido due k\ ndng sd'ng cho ngffdi hpc Tuy nhien, thffe tien cho tha'y hi>c sinh, sinh vicn ehu yen dfftic day k\ ndng hoc lap \ d 1^ luan, edn \ iec gidn due ky ndng song eung cdn khd lung lung Then chu>en \ien tam I^ Hujnh Vdn Sdn cn \ an Trung tam chdm sde tinh thin Y ttfdng Viel: "Hien thuat ngff ky ndng sd'ng dffde sddung kha phd bien nhUhg cd ph^n bj "lam dung" chinh nhiJng ngffdi huan luyen hay In chffe vd cdc bae cha me cflng chifa tiial hieu gi \ e nn"(2) Kd't qua khao sat cda Vidn Nghien ciiti mdi trffdng vd cdc van d l xa hdi, tid'n hdnh dd'i vdi hdn (XX) hpc sinh, suih vien thupc 10 ttirdng Dai hpe, Cao d^ng vd phd tiidng tten todn qud'c ndm 2009 cho tiid'y: "Cd tren 95 '7c ede em chffa nhan thffe dung d^n v l ky ndng song, 17,19c chffa bao gid dffdc ddo tao, tap hua'n kid'n tiiffe v l ky ndng sd'ng vd "^ VnExpress 5/6/2009' Th&m Hkn Qufie, ngSm viSc d&y ky nang s6ng d Vi6t Nam «' VnExpress 25/5/2010 B6 tiSn mua 'kh6' cho '* http:/Mww tamiyhoc NGUYEN LONG GIAO- GlAO DUC KY N A N G S N G hiu hit cdc em Iflng tung tta ldi hddc chffa bilt cdch xfi"!^ cdc tinh hudrng tiiffdng gap cupc sd'ng"(3) Ke't qud tien da chffng minh vifec gido due ky ndng sd'ng eho hpc sinh, sinh vi^n ro rdng cdn nhilu ban chd' Mdt nghidn cffu mdi day nhd't dffdc ngdnh gido due cdng bo cd 37'7(- suih vidn trffdng khdng tim dffde vi^c ldm tiiid'u ky ndng tiiffe hdnh xa hoi cung nhtf ky ndng Uf ddc lap, sdng lao, ky ndng giao tie'p vd cd ldi 83% sinh \ ien trtfdng bj cdc nhd tuyen dung danh gid Id thid'u ky ndng song Nguyen nhan cda hicn Iffdng ndy cung dc hieu, vi lau d nffdc la, ttong ca ba mdi tttfdng gia dinh, nhd trffdng vd xa hoi chffa quan ldm dung mffc den gido due ky nang sd'ng cho hpc sinh sinh vidn Nhilu phu huynh clu khuyen hpc sud't ddm ngdy de thi dau vdo dai hpc, nhd't Id d cdc dd thj khdng mudn cho em sinh boat xd hdi, sd ma't thdi gid, anh hffdng de'n hoe tap, nhilu gia dinh khd gia cho ngffdi giup viec ldm hd'l mpi viec phuc vu sinh boat ea nhan cho eon em d l em hp chl mdt boat ddng la hoc G^n ddy cac phffdng tidn thdng tin dai ehung de cap den khai niem "ky ndng mem 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nang s^ng cflng nhtf hpc bdi 59 mud'n bie't bdi phdi xud'ng nffdc ldp bdi, chff khdng Ihl dffng trdn bd nhin md bid't dffde Ngodi ra, gido due ky ndng song se dffde hinh thdnh mdt cdch Iff nhidn vd hidu qud Irong nhfltig mdi irffdng hoat ddng cu the Do vay, cdc bdi gidng tten ldp chi gdp phan nang cao nhan thffc, chff chffa rdn luydn cho hpe sinh, sinh vidn cd hdnh vi Htfn nffa vide gido due ky ndng sd'ng khdng phai Id sff dp dai, vd ddi hdi giang vien phai cd kid'n tiiffc tam IJ vd xd hpi sau rdng Mot tiiffc lc' khde cho lhay, d nhd Irffdng vide coi tipng mdn \f thuye't de thi ed, cnn cdc mdn nhff gian due edng dan, gido due qudc phdng, the due, cdng nghd ihffdng bj eoi nhe Cdc boat dt)ng ngoai khda eung bj linh gidn hodc bd qua Ngay tiong chffdng trinh d cdc trffdng dai hpe vd trung hpc, phan gido due vd rdn luyen ky ndng sd'ng cung chffa dffdc quan lam dflng mffc Trong xa hdi danh gid bpc sinh, sinh vien cung chd yeu dffa vdo diem sd' cdc ky thi Vice ede phffdng tien thdng tin dai chflng ca ngdi nhffng hpc sinh, sinh vien da cd thdnh tich ciiti ngffdi bj lai nan ttong bao lut hay lai nan giao thdng diu ra^t han hOff va cd biet Ngodi ra, d phd tiidng so mdn hpe vd so'tid't hpc mdi tuan qua nhilu, nen vide gido due ky ndng sd'ng chi ed the idng ghep vdo chffdng trinh cac mdn hoe khac va eac hoat ddng cua cdc to chffe Dodn, Dpi Do vay, viee giao due ky ndng sd'ng ttong trffdng phd thdng mdi tap trung vao mdt sd ndi dung cd tinh loan cau nhff phdng chd'ng ma tfly vd HIV/AIDS, bao vd mdi trffdng, giao due sffe khoe vi nien mang tinh chuyen d l vd khdng thffdng xuyen, nen tinh ben vfltig khdng eao De gido due ky ndng sd'ng cho hpc sinh, sinh vien mang lai hieu qud vd nhutig gid tri thie't thffc, ddi hdi can cd sff quan lam dung mffc tff phia nhd trffdng, thay giao, ed gido, eflng nhff cdc nhd quan 1^ gido due Thff nhd't, can cd sff thay doi sau sac ttong nhan thffc v l van d l gido due ky ndng sd'ng ttong hpe sinh, sinh vien Bdi chinh ban than hp phai nhan tha'y r^ng gido due ky ndng sd'ng id mdt nhu eau thiet yeu ttong qua trinh hpc tap vd rdn luydn nhan cdch eua minh Chi hp thd'y day thffe sff la nhu cau, thi hp se cd 60 NGUYEN LONG GIAO - GlAO DUC K? 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