C Q NGHIEN Cihi GIAO DUC Kl NANG SONG CHO TRE MAM NON NHIN Tir THUC TIEN NGUYiN THjHdNGVAN Truihig Cao dim su pham Trung u Tom tat Gido dpc ki ndng song (GDKNS) eho tri mam non Id nhlim vu quan trpng[.]
C Q NGHIEN Cihi _ GIAO DUC Kl NANG SONG CHO TRE MAM NON NHIN Tir THUC TIEN NGUYiN THjHdNGVAN Truihig Cao dim su pham Trung u Tom tat: Gido dpc ki ndng song (GDKNS) eho tri mam non Id nhlim vu quan trpng cua ngdnh Gido due Hiin ntqj, nhiiu trudng mdm non dd dUa ngi dung GDKNS vdo ehuang trinh chdm sdc, gido due tre Hieu qud GDKNS eho tri m6m non phu thudc vdo nhdn thtfc cdch thtfc to chtfc GDKNS cda gido viin (GV) mdm non Bdi viit trinh bdy: 1/N6i dung GDKNS cho tri mdm non Chuang trinh Gido due Mam non; 2/To chtfc GDKNS cho tri mdm non; 3/Mdts6 vdn dicSn luu y GDKNS cho tri mdm nan Ttf khoa: Chuang trinh gido due mdm non; gido due kindng song; tri mdm non (Nhdn bdi ngdy 15/5/2016; Nhdn kit qud phdn biin vd chlnh sda ngdy 08/6/2016; Duyit ddng ngdy 24/6/2016} I.Datvandl GDKNS tl hinh thinh cleh sdng tfch cue x l hdi hiln dai Id xly dyng nhu^g hlnh vi lanh manh v l thay doi nhdng hdnh vi, thdi quen tilu eye t r i n cd sd gidp ngddi hpe ed e l kiln thdc, g i l trj, thai va d e kT nang thich hdp [1] Ddi vdi t r i em Ida tuoi mam non, GDKNS dupc hieu la mdt q u i trinh tie dpng sU pham, giiip tre ITnh hdi nhdng kiln thdc, thdi dp, gid trj phu hdp vdi dp tuoi va tao ed hdi cho t r i rfn luyen, trii nghiem thdc tien de trf cd t h i lim chii b i n than, dng xd tieh eye vdi mpi ngddi xung quanh vd dng phd, gili quyet cd bieu qui d c tlnh hudng cudc song hang ngdy NhU vay, GDKNS khdng chi gidp tre ITnh hdi nhdng kiln thdc, thai dp, g i l trj ddng din, phu hpp vdi cd nhan, quan hdn la phli tao d c cd hdi d l tre dupe rfn luyen, t r i i nghifm, van dung nhdng kiln thdc da hpe vdo thye tien Noi dung gilo due k! ning sdng cho trS mam non ChU^mg trinh Gilo due Mam non Gilo dye mam non Id bde hpe dau tien hf thdng giao due qudc dan Viet Nam, dat nen ting ban dau vdng chic eho sU phdt trien Idu dai d tre em De gidp trf phit triln d e chdc ning t i m li, phdt trien tdi da t i l m nang v l chuan bj cho t r i vdo hpc Idp 1, d n xdc djnh rd cae nhilm vy gilo due, dd ed GDKNS Thdng td sd 04/2014/TT-BGDOf ngly 28/02/2014 eiia Bd trddng Bd Gido dye vd Ddo tao quy dinh vf qudn li hoat ddng GDKNS da chi rd "ndi dung GDKNS hudng tdi giao dye cho ngudi hpc nhdng kT ndng cd bdn, eln thilt, hddng tdi hinh thdnh nhdng thdi quen tdt giiip eho ngudi hpe thdnh cdng, dam bdo vda phd hdp vdi thuc tien vd thuan phong mT tyc Viet Nam vda hdi nhap qudc te giai doan cdng nghifp hda d i t ndde Ndi dung giao due KNS phll phu hpp vdi tdng Ida tuoi vd t i l p tyc dupc ren luyfn theo mdc tdng d i n " [2] Thdng tU eung quy dinh rd ndi dung GDKNS cho d c dp tudi Cu t h i , ddi vdi bic Mam non thi giiip trf nhin thdc vf bin than: Sy tutin, ty 56'KHOAHpcGlAODUG luc, thdc hifn nhdng quy t i e an todn thdng thudng, biet ldm mdt sd vifc ddn gian; Hlnh thdnh vd phdt triln cdc tti nang x l hdi eln thiet:The hifn tinh edm, sychia sl,hop tdc, kiln tri, vUdt khd; Hinh thdnh mdt sd kT nang dng xCI phu hdp vdi gia dinh, cdng ddng, ban b l vd mdi trudng Nhdng npi dung GDKNS ndy da ddpc t h i hiln kha day dd ChUdng trinh Gilo dye Nhd t r i d 04 linh vUe: Gido dye phat triln t h i chat; gido due phdt triln nhdn thdc; giao dye phdt trien ngdn ngd; gido due phdt triln tlnh edm, kT nang xd hdi vd tham mT.Vdi Chifflng trinh Gilo dye Mau gido, ndi dung GDKNS ddpc thi hifn d 05 tinh vyc: Gido due phdt trien t h i chit; gido due phdt triln nhdn thdc; gido dye phat triln ngdn ngd; gido dye phdt triln tlnh edm vd kT nang x l hdi; gido due phdt tri^n t h i m ml [3] mdi ITnh vuc giao due, chuong trinh ciing xdc dinh tUdng ddi rd ring d c kiln thdc, ki ndng c^^ gido due eho t r i d tdng tudi Can ed vdo Chudng trii Gido due M i m non v l dilu kiln thye tiln, GV mim cd t h i xly dyng k l hoach GDKNS cho trf mam non GDKNS cho t r i mam non ddi hdi GV phdi nim veng myc tilu, ndi dung, phUdng phip, hlnh thdc to chiic d c boat ddng gido dye trf d tdng Ida tudi; ddng thM GV phdi cd kiln thdc ve kT ndng sdng, cd •jf thdc vifc GDKNS eho trf mam non Thdc tiln eho thiy, qud trinh td chdc d e hoat ddng chdm sdc, gilo dyctrS d trudng mim non, GV da quan t i m d i n vile thuc hifn nhifm vu GDKNS Tuy nhien, GDKNS ehUa dUpc d|t H vi tri tdong xdng vdi vai trd eiia nd gido due phSt triln toln dtin nhin cleh trf mam non T5 chdc gilo due ki nang sdng cho trf mim non Khdo sat tai mdt sd trddng mam non trin dja bdn thdnh phd Ha Ndi chdng toi nhdn thiy: Hiu hit cdc trudng d l u xdc djnh dupe trich nhifm cda minh vile GDKNS cho trf mam non Hp khing djnh GDKNS \i nhifm vy eda trddng mam non va nhilm vu nly ddtfc triln khai den d c khdi Idp GDKNS cho trf mim non NGHllN CllU C Q ddpc chi dao tdng ghep to chdc d c hoat ddng cham sdc, gido dye theo Chucffig trinh Gido due Mam non vd ldng ghep vile thyc hiln cle chuyen de "Giao due b i o ve mdi trudng", "Gilo due dinh dUdng v l v l sinh an toan thue pham", "Gilo due luat an toan giao thdng" "Giao dye t i l t kilm nang lUpng" tdi tdng GV Nha trudng cung quan tam d i n vile bdi dudng kiln thdc v l kT ndng sdng, GDKNS cho GV mam non bing nhilu each thdc nhu m ^ b i o d o vien den trUcftig bdi dudng chuyln mdn, cd GV m i m non di tham quan, hpc hdi d trudng ban cham sde, giao due t r i d trudng mim non nhu vui choi, hpc tap, lao ddng, tham quan - Vile td chdc mdt gid hoc GDKNS riing khdng cd sy tham gia eua GV mam non khiln trf ft co cO hdi van dung kiln thdc dd hpc vdo thye tien Vi dy, ddpc hpc kT nang giao t i l p trf chi dupe thye hdnh tai gid hpe GDKNS d Idp kT ning sdng Do khdng ed sy phoi hdp chat ehe gida GV trung tam kT ndng sdng vdi GV mam non nen GV mim non khdng bilt trf dupe hpc nhdng gi de td chdc cdc boat dong cho t r i dn luyfn, cdng cd, van dyng kien thdc da hpc vao cudc sdng Qua trao ddi vdi GV d mdt sd trUdng mam non, Mot sd vSn d l cin lUu y giao due ki nang chiing tdi nhan thay: Hau het GV deu nhan thdc dddc sdng cho trf mim non t i m quan trpng cda GDKNS ddi vdi sy phat trien todn Chuang trinh Gilo dye Mam non ban hanh theo diln nhin d c h tre mam non Hp eho rang, GDKNS cho Thdng tU sd 17/2009/TT - BGDOT ngdy 25 thdng nam t r i mam non gidp tre ed kien thdc v l kT nang song va 2009 eda Bd trUdng Bd Giao dye vd Dao tao, c l Chddng biln nhdng kiln thdc dd thdnh hanh dpng cu the trinh Gido due Nhd trf vd Gido dye Mau giao d l u xdc thyc tien vdi ban than, vdi ngUdi khae, vcfi d e quy djnh dinh myc tieu: Gidp trf phat trien hdi hda v l d c mat gia dinh, nha trudng va xa hpi Cac cd eung dua the chat, nhan thdc, ngdn ngd, tinh cdm, kT ndng xa nhdng dan chdng ey the de khang djnh tam quan trpng hdi va thim mT Bcfi vay, cae cO sd gilo due mam non cua GDKNS ddi vdi sy phdt trien cua trf Ddde GDKNS, can xdc djnh rd GDKNS Id trach nhilm cda trUdng mam trf bilt trao ddi, chia sf kinh nghifm va hilu bilt vdi non, trdeh nhifm eua GV mim non Td dd dua npi dung nhau, bilt phdi thyc hifn hanh vi n h u t h l ndo mdi phu GDKNS vao k l hoach chung cda nha trUdng va xly dUng hpp Vf du: Khi ddpc ed gido thdng bdo ke hoach di tham ke hoach bdi dddng kiln thdc vf kT ndng sdng, GDKNS quan "Bio t i n g Phdng khdng khdng quan" t r i bdn bac, eho GV mam non d l ddm bdo hifu qui GDKNS cho trf nhac nhd v l vifc chuan bj eho chuyen di nhd:"Nhd mam non mang nddc, sda, binh vdi bim bim di de I n " "nhd mang GV can nhdn thdc ddng dan v l trdeh nhiem, mu vdi di d i p quai hdu" "neu say xe thi phai udng thudc" ning va phdt huy vai trd chd dao cda minh GDKNS "di d td khdng ddpc thd dau, thd tay ngoai", "len xe eho trf mam non Can td bdi dUdng kiln thdc v l kT ning nhd chdo bic lai xe va d m an bde xudng xe", sdng, GDKNS cho trf mam non, xay dyng k l hoach, td Tuy nhif n, v l n edn mdt sd trudng m i m non ehua cd chdc d c hoat ddng GDKNS thu hiit sdtham gia tieh eye nhdn thdc dung dan ve nhiem vy GDKNS vd ehUa tU tin cda tre Odng thdi, d l d i m bio sU thdng nhat gida nhd vifc thye hifn nhiem vu nly Hp eho rang GDKNS trddng vd gia dinh GDKNS eung nhU tao dilu kifn eho trf phdi nhdng GV dUdc dao tao chuyfn b i l t ve d l trf dUde thudng xuyen thyc hdnh, t r i i nghifm mpi tinh vyc GDKNS Vdi suy nghT nhU vay, trUdng mim non ldc, mpi ndi, GV phdi phdi hdp chat che vdi gia dinh md d e tdp hpe kT nang sdng rifng, ngodi chUcmg trinh GDKNS cho trf mam non Vi dy, kT nang rda tay bang xd Hp to chdc eho phu huynh ddng kf, ddng hpe phi cho phdng dupc GV day tre to chdc d c hoat ddng d hpc ^ kT nang sdng va mdi GV day kl nang sdng d trddng mam non GV khdng ehi gidp t r i hilu li phdi d c trung t i m d i n trudng de day cho trf khoang 20 - 30 rda tay, gidp trf thye hifn thao tae rda tay md quan trpng phiit moi tuan nhU nhdng gid hoc bdi dudng nang khieu han la hp tan dyng mpi ca hdi de trf dUdc ciing cd ve, miia Nhdng gid hpe kT ndng sdng hoan todn kT nang ndy nhu: TrUdc gid an, sau di v l sinh, sau GV eOa trung tdm thye hien, khdng ed sd phdi hpp vdi giup bdc lao cdng gom Id cay, sau chdi vdi cdt GV d l u to chdc cho trf rda tay GV cung can trao doi vdi phy GV mim non Vile lam hodn toan khdng dung bdi: huynh d l hp nam dupe ndi dung GDKNS d trUdng de - GV mam non da dupe trang bj ede kiln thdc, kT nhac nhd, ddng vifn tre thUe hanh nhdng kT nang ndng can t h i l t de cd the to chdc GDKNS eho t r i mam cupc sdng Dilu ndy gidp t r i biln nhdng kiln thdc thdnh non hdnh vi, thdi quen lanh manh - GDKNS la mdt ndi dung Chuang trinh Giao Cdn cd vao Chuong trinh Gido dye Mam non va due Mam non, t i t e l trf d l u dupc hudng quyin Ipi nay, nhdng kien thdc v l ki ndng sdng ed the xdc djnh npi klidng phli chf nhdng trf dang kf hpc - GDKNS khdng phdi ehi ta vifc eung d p kien thdc dung GDKNS cho trf mam non bao gdm giao dye eho trf eho t r i ma trf d n phdi dupc tao cd hdi d l van dung kT nang tU nhdn thdc, kT ndng kilm soat hanh vi, kT nang nhdng kiln thdc da hoe vao eudc sdng Vfi thiH lupng 20 ty ehdm sde bdn thin, kT ning dim bdo an toan, kT nang - 30 phut/tuan Id khdng du ddi vcfi GDKNS vd sy tach rdi tim kilm sy ho trp; kT ning giao tilp, kT nang gidi quylt GDKNS khdi d c ITnh vde khic Id khdng phd hc^ vcfi q u i mau thudn, kT nang hpp tdc; kT ndng td sdng tao trinh p h i t trien toan difn ciia trf mam non GDKNS cho GV mam non d n xdc cfinh npi dung GDKNS cho trf mam non phai dupe long ghep d c hoat ddng phu hpp vdi ddc diem phat trien tdm sinh li eda tre Idp Sdl29-1Hi^BB/2016.57 m NGHIEN cuu _ minh phy trich va ldng ghep GDKNS td chdc c&c hoat ddng cham sdc, giao due GDKNS eho trf mam non ddi hdi phdi dam bio tinh linh hoat, phd hpp vdi mdc dp phdt triln eda tre, vdi dilu kiln thye tien Do do, tdy theo ddi tupng, hodn d n h md GV xac dinh myc dich, ndi dung, phucJng phip, hinh thdc GDKNS eho phd hpp Vi du, vcfi t r i mau gilo ldn (5 - tudi), de chuan bj eho trf t i m t h i san sang vao tieu hpe, GV xle djnh nhdng kT ning d n thiet nhd kT ndng cit sleh vd, dd diing hpe tdp vdo elp; kT ndng hpe tap trddng t i l u hpc, kT nang giao tilp vdi thay cd, ban be, kT nang dim bdo an todn Td chdc eho trf dUpe thye hdnh, t r i i nghiim d c hoat ddng hpe tap, boat ddng vui ehcfi, boat ddng chilu d trudng mam non Ket l u i n GDKNS cho tre mam non da vd van Id nhifm vy quan trpng eda nganh Gilo dye, bdi xa hdi hifn dai ludn ndy sinh nhilu van de phdc tap ddi hdi ngUdi phdi cd nhdng kT ning sdng d n thiet mdi ed the dng phd tich eye trude nhdng thich thdc cua cudc s6^ GDKNS can dupc t i l n hdnh t d tudi mim non de gidp trf ty tin, chd dpng, cd nhdng hlnh vi tich ciTc, t h i l t lap dddc d c mdi quan h i tdt dep, bift each ling vdi d c tinh hudng cda cudc sdng hang ngdy v^ sin sang vao ldp GV I I nhin td quyet djnh hifu quj GDKNS eho tre mam non TAILIIUTHAMKHAO [1] Nguyen Thanh Binh, (2011), Gido due ki nang song, NXB Dai hpe Su pham [2] Thdng tU so 04/2014/TT-BGDOT ngdy 28/02/2014 cua Bd trudng Bd Gido due vd Ddo tgo [3] Chuang trinh Gido due Mdm non, (2013), NXB Gido dye Vilt nam [4] Nguyen Thi MT Ldc - Oinh Thj Kim Thoa - Phan ThjThId Hddng, (2010), Gldodgcgid tn sSng vd ki ndng sSng cho tre mdm non, NXB Oai hpc Qudc gia Hd Npi LIFE SKILLS EDUCATION FOR PRESCHOOL CHILDREN FROM PRACTICAL PERSPECTIVE Nguyen Thi Hong Van The National College for Education Abstract: Life skills education for preschool children is an important task in education sector Many presehools have applied life skills education Into child care-education program The efficiency of this program depends on teaehers'awareness andlesson organization The article refers to three contentsil / Contents of life skiH education f preschool children in preschool program; /Organizing life skill education for preschool children; /Some issues need to be noted In life skill education for preschool children Keywords: Preschool curriculum; life skill education; preschool children 58'KHOAHOCGUODUC ... thdc dddc sdng cho trf mim non t i m quan trpng cda GDKNS ddi vdi sy phat trien todn Chuang trinh Gilo dye Mam non ban hanh theo diln nhin d c h tre mam non Hp eho rang, GDKNS cho Thdng tU sd... kT ndng td sdng tao trinh p h i t trien toan difn ciia trf mam non GDKNS cho GV mam non d n xdc cfinh npi dung GDKNS cho trf mam non phai dupe long ghep d c hoat ddng phu hpp vdi ddc diem phat... preschool children in preschool program; /Organizing life skill education for preschool children; /Some issues need to be noted In life skill education for preschool children Keywords: Preschool