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Mill so GIAI PHJiP NJiNG GAD GHAT M G OAO TAO lUO HDG SINH IAD TRONG CAC TRirdNG CHUYEN NGHIEP TJNH SON LA TS NGUYEN V A N B A O ThS, P H A M THj P H U O N G HUYEN'''' 1 Trong thdi dai bung no thdng tin,[.]
Mill so GIAI PHJiP NJiNG GAD GHAT M G OAO TAO lUO HDG SINH IAD TRONG CAC TRirdNG CHUYEN NGHIEP TJNH SON LA TS NGUYEN V A N B A O - ThS, P H A M THj P H U O N G HUYEN' Trong thdi dai bung no thdng tin, kinh te tri thdc, hgi nhap toan cau, dao tao (DT) luu hpc sinh (LHS) la mgt nhiem vu quan trong cac trudng chuyen nghiep, nhat la cac trudng dai hgc, cao dang; nd gdp phan tang cudng kha nang thich dng, giao luu qud'c te va lam chu khoa hgc hien dai, tien tien; tang thu nhap va kha nang canh tranh DT theo cd che thi trudng; vechinh tri setang cudng suhieu biet va nang cao vj the qud'c te cho trudng, cho dja phuong va rdng han la qud'c gia; ve van hda se tang cudng su hieu biet cac nen van hda dong thdi md rgng quang ba truyen thd'ng van hda Viet Nam, gdp phan bao ton va lam tang ban sac van hda dan tdc DT LHS trd nhu cau tat yeu va phd' bien cua cac trudng chuyen nghiep tren thegidi cung nhud Viet Nam Dd'i vdi nudc Cong hda dan chu nhan dan Lao, cd tinh hi?u nghj dae biel vdi Viet Nam, viec BT nguon nhan luc chat lugtig cao cho ban vda la quyen lgi, vua la nghTa vu cao ca Viee DT nguon nhan luc giup ban vda the hien tinh cam huu nghi truyen thong dae biet cua hai dan tgc, vda tang cudng quan he toan dien tren tam cao mdi, xung dang vdi tam vdc phat trien thdi ki hdi nhap quoc te Cae trudng chuyen nghiep tren dia ban tinh Son La,trong nhieu nam dating cudng tiep nhan vaDT LHS Lao (hien ea nude cd 137 trudng dai hpc, hpc vien va cao dang ed LHS Lao hpc tap) Chi tinh nam gan day, so LHS Lao den hgc tai cac tn/dng chuyen nghiep tinh San La nam sau cao hon nam tnidc(nam20lb:64;2011:70;2012:126:2013: 205 - chiem xap xi 5% LHS Lao sang hgc tai Viet Nam eung thdi ki) Nam 2014 San La dang thuc hien chu truang md rgng hgp tac DT nguon nhan luc cho nudc Cdng hda dan chu chan dan Lao han nam 2013 LHS Lao den Viet Nam, de'n vung Tay Bac hpc tap cd rat nhieu thuan Igi: gan gui ve dja li, (cd tinh Ij cua Lao tdi TP San La chi 200km); gan gui ve phong tucvanhda(haunhucacdantdccddTayB^cdeucd dLao,70% cdthegiao tie'p dong ngon ngu);tinh cam Tap chi Gido due so 338 g i n bd keo son cua hai dan tdc giup cac LHS Lao nhu hgc dque nha; gan gui ve thuc tien nhu cau phat trien eae mat kinhte, van hda, khoa hpc, giao due , nhieu the he LHS Lao da hoed Viet Nam taiyen lai kinh nghiem sdng va hoc tap cho cac the he tre Chinh sach cua Dang va Nha nudc Viet Nam luon nhat quan quan he vdi nudc Cong hda DSn chu Nhan dan Lao, Nhung nam vda qua, sinh vien (SV) Lao den cac trudng chuyen nghiep d tinh Son La hpc tap, ben canh nhung thuan Igi cung cdn gap rat nhieu khd khan: - Hgc tieng dcac trudng cao dang nen chi hge thuan ngdn ngi? giao tiep, cdn ngon ngd chuyen nganh it dugc de cap Nang luc tieng Viet tien trien cham cac em it hoat ddng xa hpi, khdng vao cac gia dinh Viet Nam sinh song, song ki luc xa laid rieng SV Lao vdi nen it cd hgi nang cao tie'ng Viet; - Ve Id'i song, sinh hoat cung cd nhung khac biet Trinh cac chuong trinh hpc cung cdn chenh lech (d Lao trudc nam 2012 chi hgc he 11 nam); - Viec chuyen dolDTtu' hinh thde theo nien che sang tin chi da khd vdi SV Viet Nam, lai cang khd vdi SV Lao 3.Dephathuy dugc nhung thuan Igi vakhicphuc nhdng khd khan tren, tao dieu kien nang cao chat lugng hgc tap cho LHS Lao, cac trudng chuyen nghiep tinh Son La can phai cd nhieu giai phap mang tinh dong bg, khoa hgc, sat thuc tiln va tren tinh than hihi nghi, doan ket Cac giai phap phai tuan thucac nguyen tac va cac yeu cau cua viec nang cao chat lugng DT ndi chung Cu the: - Xay dwig chinh sach huy dong mpi nguon iuc, tri luc tham gia vao he thd'ngDT; -Xay dung he thd'ng DT hoan chinh, da dang, sau rpng va cd CO che hoat dpng tot; - Dam bao quy trinh DT, b6i dudng cd chat lugng ddi ngu giao vien; - Xay dung mye tieu phii hgp; -Tochdc hethd'ng nghien cdu xay dung chuang trinh; - Dam bao phuong tien vatchat, thiet bj day hgc, thdng tin khoa hgc day du, nhanh, 'TnfOngDaihocTayBac (kl - 7/2014) kip thd^; - Tang cudng kiem tra, giam sat; cai tien phuang phap danh gia; kiem djnh chat luang DT; - Giao due y thuc tu giae cua ea thay va trd Tren nhdng nguyen tac, yeu cau tren, taed the cu the bing cac giai phap sau: 1) Vequan li{QL):7Tong nhung nam vua qua, cac tn/dng chuyen nghiep tren dia ban tinh Son La cdn lung tung cdng tacQLLHSLao.Nhieu trudng chua cd ban QL rieng,quan niem veQL LHS cdn dan gian Cdtrudngmdichichutrgngsuvy hanh chinh,chi quan tam tdi chinh sach huu nghj thuan tuy, chay theo QL vu viec it quan tam tdi van hda cua ban, it thau hieu chieu sau tinh each decan cude cac phuang saeh QL thich hgp Tinh each cua LHS Lao thudng nhe nhang, kin dao, cham raL Sinh hoat cua cac em thudng ddn gian Cac ban nam thich uong mm, ca nam, nQdeu thich hat va mua Lam vdng; cac le, tettiiich quay q u ^ an u m g , l l lat nhubudc chi co tay, l i t e nudc, mua, LHS Lao ittuminh hoi thay, hoi ban ve viec hgc hanh Td nhung dae diem van hda, tam sinh li tren, viec QL LHS Lao can ti mi, chi tiet ke hoach, tinh te thyc hien Cac tn/dng can cd mgt ban QL SV Lao rieng Ban QL can nghien cuu kT tap quan, van hda, tam - sinh li cua LHS Lao de ed each QLIinh hoat, ke hoach chitiet, khoa hgc KhiSV Lao tdi nhap hgc can tiep ddn ehu dao, niem nd, ehu dgng hoi han venhu cau sinh hoat, nhu eau hge tap; nhe nhang hudng dan cac em lam cac thu tue nhap hgc; Eam quen vol n ^ song tap thetrong Id tuc xa, Icp hgc; hudng d i n cho cac em cac dau m ^ t i ^ xuc lam viec, hgc tap; thudng xuyen gap gd giai dap ^ic m i c cua cac em; cac CO van hgc % can dae biet quan tam, chu ddng gap gd, huc^g dan cac em ve each thdc chgn va dang ki tin chi hgc tap; cung c ^ tfiong tin ve cac van de tu hgc tap de'n sinh hoat, giaotiefD,.,-De SV Lao hgc tot, can tao nhieu tficfigian cho cac em ndi tieng Viet, nhieu thdi gian dgc saeh, Vi vay Ban QL can quan tam tdi gid giae sinh hoat cua cac em, phai cd quy djnh chat che, thyc hien nghiem gidgiacslnh hoat, hgctapdnha Trong cac phdng cdtivi, yeu eau chi nghe bing tieng Viet, dae biet la chuong trinh tiidi su vi day la chuong trinh tong hgp, nhieu thdng tin Cac em nghe nhilu, khdng chl nhanh nhay am tiianh ngdn ngi? ma cdn hieu nhieu khai niem khoa hgc, phuc vu tot cho hpc tap cac mdn Cac bi/dng cung can tiianh lap cac cau lac bg, dd tinh dan chu dugc phat huy td'i da de S V Lao nhanh tu tin mgi fTnh vuc td dd de dgc lap, sang tao hgc tap Trong cau lac bd can cd nhieu (ki2-7/2014) SV am hieu nhieu Hnh vyc tham gia dedldang giup dd tot hon cho cac ban Lao ve sinh hoat, hgc tap Npidung sinh hoat cau lae bd can da dang, hinh thde sinh hoat phong phu d l tao cam thu hut cac ban Lao tham gia Cau lac bgia hinh thuc hdtrg tich cue de hieu biet nhieu linh vuc nhu van hgc, nghe thuat, khoa hge, kT nang sd'ng 2) Veday va hgc:QJ nguon nhan luc la DT toan dien, td QL, giao due chinh tri tu tudng, ren luyen dao due tac phong den DT kiwi tiiuc, kTnang chuyen mdn DT LHS Lao cung can toan dien, cae ndi dung day va hgc eho LHS Lao, chung ta can quan tam tdi day hoc tieng Viet g i n vdi day hgc cac chuyen nganh - Tieng Viet\a edng cu hgc tap chu yeu cac nha tn/dng Viet Nam Nhimg nam qua, chat lugng hpc tap cua SV Lao chua cao cung mpt phan chua thuan thyc tieng Viet Theo thd'ng ke hang nam cua cac tn/dng chuyen nghiep o Son La cho biet, LHS Lao dtren l i ^ hgc chi nghe va ghichep dugc 5070% Viec gay rait nhieu khd khan cho cac em hgc tap Day tieng Viet la day ngdn ngu thd hai cho LHS Lao, vay, day tieng Viet eho LHS Lao can tdi nhieu tri thdc chuyen sau ve ngdn ngd hgc hon la day tieng Viet vdi tu each tieng me de Day tieng Viet phaiday tat cacac kTnang: nghe, ndi, dgc, viet Chuong trinh day can phong phu, da dang de SV hieu biet nhilu han Ngi dung chuong trinh tie'ng Viet can dan xen giua kie'n thuc tieng vdi kien thdc cac nganh khoa hgc eg ban de cung luc dat hai myc tieu: tang cudng tieng Vietvacung co kie'n thuc khoa hgc, Iam nen tang de hgc cac mdn chuyen nganh Hinh tiidc to chdc hgc tieng Viet can da dang, phong phu: tang cudng cho hgcTihdm de cdsuglup ddcua ban be; tang yeu cau phan cac em chuan bi bai, tao sutich cue chu dgng suy nghlva phat bieu, tddd, vda ren luyen each phat am cho chuan muc, vda ren each diln dat de tra Idi cac c l u hoi; tang cudng cho cac em dlthucte, qua dd LHS Lao dugc tiep xuc vdi nhieu tang Idp ngudi Viet, nhieu vung van hda Viet , de hieu sau hdn ngdn ngu Viet Nam va van dung kien thdc vao hgc tap va sinh hoat hang - Cic mdn chuyen nganh, giao vien can tang c u i ^ g ren luyen cho cac SV Lao kT nang phan tieh, kT nang tiiUc hanh Chuong trinh cac mdn hgc eho LHS Lao cung can dugc chu y: + Nhung mon hgc xa rdi thuc tiln cua nudc ban cung nen njt ggn, hoae cho vao hgc phan tuchgn; + Phuong phap hgc tap dd'i vol LHS Lao can duge quan tam va thudng xuyen ddi Tap chi Gido due so 338 mdi Ngoai nhi/ng gid hgc chung vdi SV Viet Nam, cac SV Lao can cdsugiup ddcua cac ed'van hpc tap LHS Lao cac trudng chuyen nghiep dSon La thudng de dat thieu tulin Vi the, tang cudng thuc hanh, thuc tap se khic phuc duoc han che Cae bai tap thue hanh can tang nhieu theo hudng tude den khd, tu don gian den phdc tap Viec tang thuc hanh tao dieu kien eho cac em thuan thuc mdn hgc, biet van dung kien thuc li thuyet vao thuc tien Viee DT theo tin chicd thuan lgi la giup cac em lua chgn so lugng cung nhu tinh chat ngi dung tin chi thich hgp vdi nang luc hgc cua minh Day hpc tieng Viet cung nhu cac mdn chuyen nganh cho LHS Lao can chu trpng eae khSu kiem tra xac dmh nang luc dau vao, cd chuong trinh, npi dung eung nhuthietkebai day phij hgp, thudng xuyen kiem tra, danh gia, tich cue hd trg hgc tap ca ve tinh than lan CO sd vat chat, trang thie't bj phue vy hpc tap, nghien cdu khoa hoc, 3) Nghien cuu khoa hge va chuyen giao cdng /jp/?e la nhdng van de quan trpng chuong trinh hgc dai hge SV hge dai hgc, eao dang ngoai viec tich luy kien thde, ren luyen cae kT nang hoc tap cdn dugc trang bj nhung kTnang nghien cdu khoa hgc, ehuyen giao cong nghe Cung gidng nhu batcdSV trudng cao ding, dai hgc, cac SV Lao ban dau cung gap rat nhieu khdkhantnDng nghien cuu Cacquy trinh nghien cdu hau nhucac em chua dugc tiep xiic, viec tiep can cac phdng khoa hgc, viec xir li cac thao tac kTthuat la nhihig van de xa la, G V can chi d i n tan tinh cae thao tae nghien edu edu de cac em nam vung cac quy trinh, eae thao tac Cac van de nghien cuu khdng can qua eao xa ma bit dau tir nhi/ng van de binh thudng nhait, nhung van de d l nhan cugc sdng nhu nghien ciru nhung quy trinhchuan bi bai giang, len ldp, dd'i vdi SV supham; nghien cdu nhi/ng giong cay ban dja Tay Bae, nhQng giong cay, quen thugc cua Lao, Trong nghien ciAi, linh thuc liln, tinh hieu qua triet de tdn trgng Cot ldi cua viec ren luyen nghien ciiu khoa hgc, chuyen giao cdng nghe cho SV la phai tao sudam me nghien cuu, ren luyen kTnang nghien cdu thuan thyc 4) Vegiao due y thdc, can nang cao y thii'c tu giae eho ca ngudi day va ngudi hgc la giai phap hdu hieu Chl cd tu giae tren co sd cua ldng tu trgng mdi dan tdi niem dam me, thich thu cdng viec Viec day va hgc, nghien cdu khoa hgc, QL hanh chlnh, la nhirng viec ma de dan ngudi ta tdi su Tap chi Gido due so 338 nham chan, ddn dieu vi nd vira la cdng viec lap di lap lai, vdi LHS la viee khd, Neu cao y thirc cho can bp GV, eho LHS la bien phap tich cue Vdi can bg GV phai thudng xuyen dugc nhac nhd ve tinh than hdu nghj dae biet, tinh than quoc te, qua cdng viec, thay trach nhiem cua minh viec dai dien cho qudc gia, dan tgc td dd tha'y dugc nilm tu hao dan tgc l\i viec nang eao y thue tu giae, khuyen khich su nang dpng, sang tao QL, giang day cho LHS Dd'i vdi LHS Lao.viec giao dye y thuc tugiac cho cac em rat quan trgng, cac em can coy thuc trach nhiem cao thi mdilu giae khac phye nhifng khd khan, mdi tu tim tdi kham pha tien tdi dam me hgc tap, nghien cdu khoa hgc va sinh hoat Giao due y thde tat ca cac ITnh vuc: hgc tap, nghien cuu khoa hpc va chuyen giao edng nghe, sinh hoat, vui Choi giai tri,., Viee giao due y thuc cho LHS Lao het suctinhte, mem maivi LHS Lao yeu su nhe nhang Giao due y thdc thdng qua gid len Idp, gid sinh hoat eau lae bd, gid hoat dgng the thao, van nghg, phim anh cd ndi dung giao due thich hgp, NangcaochatlugngDT LHS Laovda la nghTa vu vda la trach nhiem doi vdi mdi can bg.GV, m i l tn/dng chuyen nghiep tren dja ban tinh Sdn La Chi ednang cao chat lugng DT mdi khing dmh dugc vj the, uy tin chat lugng de thu hiit LHS tdi hgc.Dong thdi, chi cduy tin chat lugng mdi lam tron nhiem vy, nghTa vu quoc te, mdi tang cudng dugc tinh hi/u nghj dae biet Viet Nam - Lao, xdng vdi truyen thd'ng ma cac the h$ cha anh cua hai dan tgc da day cdng vun d i p Q TJii lieu tham khao NguySn HOu Chau Chat Itrirng gi^o due nhiftig va'n de h' luan v^ thyc tien NXB Gido due, H 2008 NguySn Ngpc Chinh "Gidi phdp ndng eao hiSu qud day tieng Viet cho hpc sinh nu&c ngodi tQi Dgi liocDd Ndng".De tai nghiSn ciju c^pBp, MasO'MS: 82006-111^ 4; 2009 Chinh phu COng hoa xa h