OAI LOAN HONG CONG MA CAO KiEM dJNh qiAo due 3M koc (»AI PHAP NANG CAO ( M T i m GlAO DUC CUA DAlloAN TS VU THUY DUONG Viten Nghien du Ti ung Quoc Tom tat Trong thdi dai ng^y nay, Idii to&n ciu h6a ph[.]
OAI LOAN- HONG CONG - MA CAO KiEM dJNh qiAo due 3M koc (»AI PHAP NANG CAO ( M T i m GlAO DUC CUA DAlloAN TS VU THUY DUONG Viten Nghien du Ti-ung Quoc Tom tat: Trong thdi dai ng^y nay, Idii to&n ciu h6a phat trien manh me, giao due dai hpc ngoM chflc nang 14 nhflng trung tam sang tao tri thflc va chuydn giao cong nghe, c6n dong vai tr6 r i t quan trong nen kinh te" tri thflc Dac blet, giao due dai hpe trSn the gidi chuyen din tfl "tinh hoa" sang "dai chung hoa", "phd cSp h6a", kilm dinh chat lUdng cang d6ng vai trd quan Co thd thiy, kiem dinh chit lUdng la mot cong cu hiiu hidu dl tri cac chuin miic chit liiqing giao due dai hoc, dong thcii khdng ngflng nSng eao chat lUdng tdng thd cua qua trinh dsiy va hoc n6i chung Bai viet tap trung di vao phSn tfch nhflng nhSn td diia tdi sfl hinh tharih cd che kiem dinh chit lUdng giao due dai hoe; cac ehinh saeh, bi^n phSp thilc thi vk hiidc diu dfla mpt vai suy nghi gdi mb T& khoa: Dko tao, giao due dai hpc, Dai Loan T rong thdi dai nay, toan c i u hda phat trien m a n h me, giao due dai hpc ngoai chflc nang la nhiing trung tam s&ng t^o tri thflc va c h u y i n giao cdng ngh^, cdn ddng vai trd rlit q u a n trpng n l n k i n h t l t r i thflc D i e biet, giao due dai hoc t r d n t h e gidi c h u y i n d i n tfl "tinh hoa" (elit higher education) sang "d^i chung hda" (mass higher education), "phd cftp hda" (universal higher education), k i l m NGHICN CUU TRUNG QUtfC so (157) - - dinh ch^t Ifldng cang ddng vai tro q u a n trpng C6 t h i tha'y, k i l m dinh ch^t Ifldng la mot c6ng cu hflu hieu d l tri cac o h u i n mflc ch^t Ifldng giao due dai hpc, ddng thdi khong ngflng nang cao ch^t Ifldng tdng the cua qua t r i n h day vd hpe ndi chung Bai v i l t tap t r u n g di vao p h a n tich nhiing n h d n to' dfla tdi sfl hinh t h a n h cd chd kiem dinh cha't Ifldng giao due dai hpc; cac chinh sach, bien p h a p thflc thi va bfldc d i u dfla mpt vai suy nghi g^i md 43 vu THUY Dl/ONG Nhung nhSn to' d u a tdi sur binh cor che kiem dinh c h a t Iifomg giao Vai trd ciia n h a trfldng d i n chuyen tit "bi dong" s a r ^ "tich cflc, chii ddng" due dai hoc cua Dai L o a n Dfldi tac dpng ciia xu hfldng hpi nhfiip qud'c t d n h a m n a n g cao npi Iflc phat trien, chmh q u y i n Dai Loan dac biet chu trpng Trdn thflc te, gido due dai hpc den ch^t Ifldng giao due dai hpc Vdi ckng cd vai tro q u a n trpng sfl p h a t phfldng hfldng "Hitdng vdo thi gidi, xuat trien kinh t e - xa hdi ciia cac quoc gia va khdu hpc thuaf, chinh q u y i n dac bift khu vflc t r e n t h i gidi Bdi, "nin tdng cua chu trgng d&i cdng tdc k i l m dinh ch^t SIX phdt triin ngi/ifi Id tri thtic Ifldng dao t^o Trong so' cac bi§n phap Nhitng dong gop quan trpng nhdt dMn til dfldc thflc t h i dang chii y la "Ki hogch cdc trubng dai hpc^'^^^ Chinh vi vdy, de phdt triin cdc tritdng dai hpc ddng cdp giao due dai hpc p h a t h u y het dfldc vai thi gidi vd cdc trung tdm nghiin cOu tro cua minh, va'n de bao dam ch^t Ifldng hdng ddu", n h ^ n manh vi$c dao tao phai dfldc dac biet chu y T i l n khuydn khich t h d n h lap cac trfldng iai trinh qudc te hda giao due dai hoc b Dai hpc dang cd'p t h d gidi; thuc day giao litu Loan, ciing dem lai nhieu ap Iflc khong hdp tac khoa hpc quoc td; tao dilu ki|n phai la nho ddi vdi chinh quyen; bu6c cd t h u d n ldi t h u hflt sinh vien nfldc ngoii ca'u dao tao dai hpc, boi dfldng n h a n t a i d i n Dai Loan hpc t a p ; thidt lap cd ch^ phai cd nhiing d i l u chinh mdi Trong bdi danh gia giao vidn (bao gdm ca giang canh ngudn tdi chinh ciia cliinh quyen day v a cdng tac nghidn ciiu)'^' Nhin cdn h a n che, n e n cac tnidng dai hoc phai chung, vdi nhflng ddi hoi gia nh|ip tfl di tim giai p h a p de t a n g kinh phi WTO da hudc giao due dai hpc Dai Loan Dd chinh la nguyen n h a n dfla den vi§c phai hdi n h d p vd cai each trdn ba phai cai each lai mdi quan he "trach phfldng didn trpng t a m : (1) Dao tao, boi nhiem - q u y i n ldi" gifla chinh quyen vdi dflSng va sfl dung hdp 1^ ngudn nhan t i i | giao due dai hpc Xdt mdt each khach (2) Nang cao ch^t Ifldng dai hoc va vi tri hoc t h u d t t r e n t h d gidi (3) Chu doi^, I quan, d l nSng cao n a n g Iflc canh t r a n h tich cflc t h a m gia vao cac td chflc hoc qudc gia nhSi t h i l t n e n coi trpng cdng thuylt qudc td Cd t h i thlTy, "Ndng cao tac chlTt Ifldng dao tao va sfl dung hi$u trinh dp quoc ti hoa, nang lUc canh qua ngudn n h d n Iflc cd trinh dp cao T h i tranh qu^ ti cua gido due dgi haf nhflng, kinh phi ciia chinh quyen Dai da trd t h d n h phfldng hfldng trpng tam Loan cd han, hdn nfla gia nhdp WTO cua chinh q u y i n Ddi Loan ciing budc giao due dai hpc cang phai "thi trflSng hda" hdn di tdn t a i va 1.2 Nhdn to ehu quan phat trien Iuc cd chd q u a n ly md, Tfl sau thdp nien 70 t h e ky XX gi^o linh hoat se thay cd che ciing nhac gd bd due dai hoc cua Ddi Loan ph&t triln 1.1 Nhan to khdch quan NGHICN CUU TRUNG QUtfc so (157) - 2014 K / ^ dinh giio dye dai hpc tfldng ddi n h a n h , thlim chi bat d i u cd sfl biln chuyen msinh m e v l quy md B^n canh vifc md rong cd hpi giao due, nhflng ap Iflc cang t h a n g v l t a i chfnh ciing dat mot each gay gat Bdi, thflc t d tde dp tang ngan sach giao due ludn thaj) hdn so vdi nhu c i u thfle te; t h d m chf gifla cac cd quan quan ly gido due cung ludn phai chiu ap lfle eanh t r a n h ngudn kinh phi vdn da c6 han Thflc te, ehinh sfl p h a t trien qua ndng ciia loai hinh giao due d^i hpc (neu nhfl khdng cd bidn phdp quan chd hidu qua) se la nguyen n h d n dfla den thflc trang trinh dd hpc thu^t, cha't Ifldng gifla cae trfldng khdng ddng diu Hdn nfla, vd'n d l "l^m phdt" sd Ifldng trflfing dsii hpc, hpc vidn, cao dang ndu k€o dai se tao nen mot hd qua XETU ddi thfle eho t h a n h lap "Phong kiim dinh chdt liMng ddo too bdc dai hoc" Tfl nfla cudi t h a p nien 90 t h d ky XX, p h a t t r i l n giao due ctai hpc xuat sic, ndng cao chdt Ifldng giao due dai hpc da tr3 thdnh mdt trao lflu chinh cua cac nfldc tien tien t r e n t h e gidi Tuy nhidn, nhiing khdc bidt ve hoan eanh van hda, dieu kien xa hdi nen cac bidn phap tien h a n h eai each la khdng gidng Nam 1997, sau Dai Loan t i l n h a n h sfla ddi Hien phap, kinh phi danh cho giao due da bi dilu chinh xudng dfldi 15% tdng ngSn sach trung fldng, nhfl vdy khoan trd e^p eua chfnh quyin eho cac trflcing da bi sut giam dang kl'^* Song, ddi lap vdi vide cat giam ngudn kinh phi vdi xa hdi: xuc[t hiin tinh trang that hd trd; sd Ifldng trfldng dai hpc, cao dang nghiip CO trinh dp cao khdng ddp iCng v i n cd sfl gia tdng n h a n h chdng, dieu da lam cho giao due dai hoc cua Dai diidc yiu cdu tuyen dung Loan phai dd'i mat vdi nhflng ap lfle Sdm n h a n thflc dfldc vd'n de, chinh khdng nho ve vl^n de cha't Ifldng quyin Dai Loan da rS^t chu trpng xay Sau gia n h a p WTO, dfldi ap lfle dflng cd ehd giam sat, d a n h gia giao due dai hpc (cdng l|lp va ddn l|ip) Chiu a n h cua xa hpi vd xu the toan c i u hoa hfldng quan d i l m cua gido due My ve cang manh me t r e n t h i gidi, giao due dai "trach nhif m hidu qua" (giao vien chiu hpc Dai Loan budc phai chuyin d i n tfl trich nhifm doi vdi k i t qua hpc tSip ciia "tinh hoa" sang "dai chflng hda", "pho hpc sinh), vlin d l nang eao c h i t Ifldng c4p hoa"; tfl quan e h l sang mb cfla; tfl ed giang day d i n dfldc ehu trpng hdn: Nam ehd nhlTt nguydn sang da nguydn Luc 1974 chhih q u y i n Ddi Loan da b a n hanh ndy, vai tro cua cd quan chu quan giao ddn ldp" d6 c6 due khdng chi la giam d i n sfl quan ly ddi quy dinh ch^t ehe v l n h a n sfl, cd sb vdi cac tnidng dai hpc, dfla thi trflcing '*Ludt md triing ting, kinh phi ho^t ddng, chflc nang, "xam n h i p " vao giao due d^i hpc; ma cdn nhifm vu dao t^o cu thi ; b i t d i u tfl phai chii ddng, tich cflc hodn thifn hdn aim 1975 chinh quyen Dai Loan chfnh nfla ed chd danh gia cha't Ifldng giao due tmtH CUV TRUNG QUtiC sd (157) - 2014- 45 vu THUY Dl/ONG dai hpc Nam 2005, "Luat dai hpe" t i l p ehuyen n g a n h Mue tieu cua viSc tuc dfldc sfla ddi, dd cd bd sung t h a m dinh dd Id t i m h i i u nhiing khii them cac quy d m h h e n q u a n deh d a n h biet v l t r i n h dp, ch^t Ifldng, tidu chi dao gia giao due dai hpc Ngay 9-1-2007, tao gifla trfldng dai hpe cdng lap, dan chinh quyen Dai Loan b a n h a n h lap, vien nghien cflu'*' Tren ed sb dani Biin phdp kiim dinh chdt lupng gido due dai gia dd, Ban kiem dinh se cd sfl tfl vaavA hgc Nam 2008, Vien Ldp p h a p cdng b d Bp Giao due k h i tidn h a n h phe duydt, ho Luat md tritcfng ddn lap s&a doi, trd kinh phf cae dfl a n giao due cho phil ed nha'n m a n h den md hinh giam sat hdp vdi tflng dd'i tfldng khac nhau; d6ng quan ly chdt Ifldng cac trfldng ddn l|lp thdi giup cac trfldng k h i dilu chinh, cai (xay dflng cd chd "ngfldi giam sat va cdng each chinh sach h a n h chinh se eo them khai thdng tin"; md rdng gidi h a n ve viec danh gia c h i t Ifldng eac trfldng hoc.-.) t a i lieu t h a m khao Chinh quyen Ddi Loan ^ vpng thong qua phfldng thfle t r e n se n d i ^ cao dii* Qua trinh phat trien cua ccf cau kiem dinh chat liiong giao due dai hpe Dai Loan 2.1 Giai todn quyin doan chi dao trite qudn ly (1975 tiep, -1990) Bat d i u tfl n a m 1975, trdn cd sd kidn chdt Ifldng cac trfldng edng ldp; dong th3i la'y nhuiig ket qua d a n h gia dd ldm ed sS t h a m khao vide hd trd va phe^ chudn t h u tuc dang ky lip ck trfldng dai hpe va cao dang (dan lap) md nghi ciia Vidn trfldng Vien nghien cflu Tuy nhien, trdn thflc t d ed nhilu JI T n m g fldng Ngd Dai Du, Chfnh q u y i n kien cho r a n g Bd Gido due la ddn vi chil Dai Loan chfnh thflc eho t h a n h ldp q u a n t n i c tidp giam sat viec thflc thi nSn "Phong kiim dinh chdt litpng ddo tgo bde n h i l u k h i se d a n h gia khdng khach quan dgi hgc" Nhiem vu chu ydu cua Phdng vi "vfla da bdng vfla thdi cdi" Hdn niia, bao h a m cac chd' dinh p h a p quy, tidu phfldng thflc t i l n h d n h lai mang tinh chudn di x I p loai danh gia ben canh cha't a p dat tfl trdn xudng, thidu di t&h cd cac ddn vi chuydn trach de tien h d n h tfl ehu cua cac trfldng ndn nhilu thdm dinh, p h a n loai cac trflcing dai hpc, vide t h d m dinh, d a n h gia mang n^ng yeu cao dang n h a m bao dam ehd't Ifldng dao t d t h u ddng, h i n h thflc v^y, c& tao Ndi dung d a n h gia ehat Ifldng tfldng trflcing se gap khd k h a n nhS^t dinh dd'i rdng, bao gom tfl chfldng trinh giang viec cai thien vd n d n g cao chdt Ifldng dto daiy, cdng tac nghidn cflu cua giang vidn tao*® M a t khac, b a n t h a n "Cd quan quan den dieh vu giao due V l doi tfldng ly h d n h chfnh giao due" v i n cdn thieu danh gia, bfldc d i u gdm chuyen khoa: ddi ngii n h d n Iflc chuydn sau v l quj Todn hpc, y hpe, v^t ly, hoa hoc, n h a ho£ieh phfldng hfldng tdng thd triln khai khoa va chfldng trinh hpc cao hoc ciia danh gi& dai hoc; eiing vdi cdc thii t)^ 46 NGHICN CUV TRUNG QUtfc so (157) -2M< Kiem dinh giao due dai hoc quy che t h i m dinh ddng bd di kdm , Nhin chung, bdi eanh kinh phi, nhan Iflc cd han, n e n cdng tac danh gia , giao due dai hpc cdn gap nhieu trd r^aii 2.2 Giai doan chi dao gidn tiep, uy i thdc tiin hdnh (1991 - 1994) Tfl nam hpc 1991 - 1994, Bd Giao due iiy thac cho cae td chflc hpe thudt thfl nghidm thfle hidn d a n h gia k i l m dinh ' c h i t Ifldng cac n g a n h hpe chuydn mdn Vdi hinh thfle ndy, md lunh "trung flcJng trflc tilp quan ly" da dfldc thay the bang hinh thfle mdi dd la: "Chuyin tfl kiem Goat tnic tiep sang gian t i l p hfldng din" Giai doan (1992 - 1994), cdng tac danh gid c h i t Ifldng dai hpc dfldc giao cho cic td chflc hpc t h u a t chuyen mdn nhfl: "Hdi khoa hpc cdng trinh (hen cd Tnmg Qudc", "Hdi khoa hpc quan ly Tnmg Hoa Ddn qudc"; "Hdi khoa hpc cdng trinh cd gidi Trung Qud'c" tidn hanh danh gid k i l m dinh ch^t Ifldng cae nganh hpc chuydn mdn h e n quan Tidu ehuin va phflchig p h a p danh gia k i l m dinh deu cdc Hpi ddng khoa hpc dfldc iiy t h l c xay dflng va thflc hidn'^* Nhin mpt each khach quan, mac dfl kd ho^ch thii nghiem danh gia kiem dinh Bd Gido due diing uy thac cho td chflc hpc t h u a t chuydn mdn, nhflng trdn thflc t l cdc ed q u a n ehu quan giao due khdng cdn la ngfldi trflc tiep danh gifi, hay la ngfldi trflc tiep "khdng chl^ quy trinh danh gia D i l u ndy da t r a n h dfl(^ tinh tr^ng "vfla dd bdng vfla thoi NGHlto Clhi TRUNG QUtfCso ( ) - - cdi" Xdt tdng the hd thdng danh gia k i l m £ n h chdt Ifldng eiing d i n thoat khoi "vdng quan 1^ eiia chfnh quyen T n m g fldng" day la phflcftig hfldng va each lam phu hdp vdi xu hfldng chung v l h e t h d r ^ danh gia Idem djnh chdt Ifldng giao due dai hpc eua cdc nfldc tien tidn Song t r e n thflc te, rang phfldng thflc uy thac cd n h i l u y l u tdtfch cflc hdn so vdi phfldng p h a p "trflc tilp, todn q u y i n xfl ly" nhflng v i n bpc Id mpt sd vdn de can phai bdn TAi? nhdt, vin thidu cae cd quan chuydn nghiep danh gia ve eae h n h vflc p h a t t r i l n mdi TAi? hai, eong tac danh gia gap khd khan Sli phat trien qua n h a n h cua quy mo giao due dai hpe Hdn nfla, cdng tac t h a m dinh n l u qua ehu trpng d i n tfnh dac thfl cua mdi trfldng, d l hfldng d i n kilm dinh theo sfl dac thu dd nhfl vdy, v l muc tieu p h a t trien toan dien giao due dai hpc se trd nen hinh thflc chung chung Thiiba, thieu dpi ngu chuydn mdn cao e l p danh gia vi v^y se mdt di tfnh cdng bang va khach quan Do nhiing gidi h a n v l kinh phf, n h a n lfle nen viec uy thac chfla thflc sfl phat huy h i t vai trd, chflc nang nhfl xa hpi ky vpng Ngoai ra, v i n cdn thidu khudn khd p h a p ly quy trinh, tieu c h u i n , tidu ehi de c6 the tidn h a n h danh gia ro rdng, khach quan vi v^y, cdng tac danh gia chdt Ifldng eon nhieu bdt cap O mpt khia eanh khac, trinh dp eua 'Td chfle hpe t h u a t ehuyen mdn" eae 47 v u THUY Dl/ONG trflcing dai hpe ciing khae n h a u n e n thieu kinh nghidm thfle td, vi vdy edng tidn h a n h t h d m dinh eiing se cd kdt qua t a c k i l m dinh gap n h i l u khd khan Nam khdng ddng n h a t Chfnh vi vdy, mot cd 2005, Vien p p h a p thdng qua "Lu^ quan danh gia dde lap trd t h a n h n h u e l u dgi hpc sita dSV t r o n g dd n h l h manh ddn q u y i n tfl ehu rpng hdn eho cac thidt y l u luc nay'^ sdt kiem dinh chdt lUdng cdc ngdnh hpc chuyin 2.3 Giai doan gidm mon theo Lugt Dgi hpc (1994 din nay) trfldng dai hgc; ddng thdi ydu elu cac trfldng dai hpe p h a i xay dflng e h l d a n h gia binh xet giao vien, danh gia vide tfl vd'n, nghidn cflu, giang dsiy ciia Nam 1994 "Lugt Dgi hpc siia doS' va "Hiidng ddn chi tiii thijtc thi Lugt Bgi giao vidn va tien harih ddnh gia binh xfit hidu qua giang day '^'*' Nam 2007, hpc" dfldc b a n bd' Day chinh la ngudn cd chfnh quyen Ddi Loan b a n h a n h "Eiin s5 phap ly de Bd Giao due thfle hien eong phdp kiim dinh ehdt lUdng gido due dai tac kiem dinh cha't Ifldng cac trfldng dai hpc"^^"^ Tie'p dd, n a m 2008, Vien Lap hpc va hpc vidn Do vdy cac cd quan ehu p h a p cdng bd' "Lugt m& trUbng ddn % quan giao due dai hpc da tich cflc thflc s^a d6r hien cong tae quy hoach danh gia kiem dinh cha't Ifldng dai hoc: mdi cac hpc gia, chuyen gia va Hieu trfldng cac trflSng dai hpc, hpc vien dd di tdi t h a n h lap "Hdi ddng tfl va'n quy hoaeh dai hpc" Nam 1996 hoan t h a n h "Di/ thdo di dn hogch ddnh gid kiim ki dinh chdt litdng gido due dgi hgc cua Bg Gido dud" Trong b a n dfl thao da trinh bay d i y du ro r a n g ehi tie't ve muc (hch, nguyen tac, npi dung thflc thi, ngudn kinh phi ® Nam 2001, Dai Loan cdng bd' "Sdch Nhfl vay, ed t h e thd'y "Lugt dgi hgc s^a ddi", "Biin phdp kiim dinh chai lupng gido due dgi hpc", "Lugt md tri^fng ddn lap sita ddi" ehinh la cac quy dinh dfldc l u a t hoa n h a m dam bao va nang cao ehat Ifldng eua giao due dai hoc Tren thflc te, sfl p h a t t r i l n nhanh ch6ng eua edng tac d a n h gia ehd't Ifldng dai hoc da gdp p h a n q u a n trpng vide nang cao m a t b a n g ehat Ifldng gido due toi^ the cua Dai Loan trdng ve chinh sdch gido due dgi hpc", Mot vai suy nghl gffi m d chi ro c i n phai xay dflng chd' dp Trai qua mgt qua t r i n h xay dflng vi kiem djnh dai hpe va la mpt p h a t t r i l n , ddii Dai Loan da tao mue tieu q u a n e I n phai n h a n h dflng dfldc mdt n e n gido due tfldng dSi chong thflc hidn*®' Trong giai doan dau hidn dai vdi nhieu lo^i h i n h ddo tao da Dai Loan thflc hien e h l dp kiem dinh dang, khdng nhflng d a p flng dfl^ y8« chdt Ifldng giao due d^i hgc, edn thieu e l u p h a t t r i l n kinh t d - xa hgi ma c(ln mpt dpi ngu ehuyen nghidp d a n h gia va b a t nhip dfldc vdi cae n l n gido due tifin NGHIEN ciiu TRUNG QUtfc so (157) - 2014 Ki^ dinh giio due dai hgc tiln khu vflc va t r e n t h d gidi Hien, Ddi Loan da cd mdt sd trfldng Ipt vao danh saeh 200 dai hgc h a n g d i u t h d gi6L Vdi mdt lanh t h i dan sd chi ed hdn 23 tridu ngfldi, day qua thfle la sd Kn tfldng Trdn cd sb nghidn eiiu ve cd chd kilm dinh chdt Ifldng giao due dai hgc ciia Dai Loan, bfldc d i u chflng toi dfla mot vai suy nghi gdi mb nhfl sau: 3.1 Chu trpng yiu td "phdp chi hda" edng tdc ddnh gid gido due trflcing ); the nhflng, chfla cd n h i l u kinh nghidm viec tfl ehu tnidng hpc; traeh nhiem ddi vdi xa hpi cua eae tnidng dai hpc n d n d i n d i n hien tfldng nang Iflc tfl chu cdn h a n che; chd't Ifldng cua hgc sinh khdng dfldc cai thidn; trinh hpc t h u a t khdng dfldc nang len; hieu qua giao due khdng ro rdt"^' Thang 12 n a m 2005, "Lugt dgi hpc s^a doi" dfldc b a n hanh, dd khdng chi n h d n m a n h ddn sfl mcl rdng trach Tren cd sd nhflng v a n b a n quy pham nhiem quyen b a n eua Hieu trfldng ma vlii phdp luat, vide danh gia giao due da eo dd quan trpng b day la vide danh gia eac cd dfldc phfldng hfldng ehi dao xuydn sudt, quan quan ly giao due se phai dfla trdn cd he thdng vk ngdy cang hfldng tdi "che dp sb cua ludt phap de kilm djnh Tren cd sd hda" va "phap ludt hda" Day chfnh la xu nhiing thay ddi dilu chinh dd, trflcing dai hfldng phat trien chung trdn t h d gidi hgc se tidn hanh soat lai quy che ngi Sau Ddi Loan thflc hien ed che kiem bp cua trfldng dfla vao "Ludt dgi hgc sita dinh chdt Iflqing, chfnh q u y i n da ra't cd' doi" ma chfnh quyen da ban hanh gang vk quydt t a m vide sfla doi va Dfldi anh hfldng cua chinh sach "tfl ban hanh cdc quy dinh phap quy nham hpc thuat" cang phat trien manh tien tdi phap chd hda kiem dinh giao due me tren the gidi, giao due dai hpe Dai dai hgc Loan c6 them nhieu cd hdi thulln ldi di Thfle te, tfl rdt sdm (1975), Dai phat t r i l n hdn so vdi trfldc "Y thUc tit Loan da b a t d i u thflc hien viec kiem gide hpc tap; tii hgc thudf dinh chdt Ifldng giao due De'n n a m 1994, t h a n h xu the chung xa hpi D i n da trd vdi vipc b a n hanh "Lugt dgi hgc siia dSi" d i n hinh thflc quan ly trflc tiep da dfldc vk "Hiidng ddn chi tiii viic tkite thi Ludt thay thd' bdng hinh thflc quan ly gian dgi hoc" da tr5 t h a n h edng eu phap ly tilp; cdng tac danh gia hpc t h u a t cac hiiu hidu cua Bd Giao due viec Td chflc hpc t h u a t phu trach hoac thong danh gia chSit Ifldng dao tao bac dai hpc qua Hdi ddng khoa hpc cua cac trfldng Tuy nhien, thdi diem n h i l u trflcing dai hgc xudt sac dam nhidm De dam bao d^i hgc b i t d i u cd xu hfldng da'u t r a n h yeu to' khach quan cdng tac danh ddi quyin tfl chii (giao sfl quan ly trflcing, gia chdt Ifldng dai hpc (tfl danh gia eua hpc sinh tut chii, tfl ddnh gia cua nha nhd trflcing), cac trflcing nhd't thidt phai NGHICN Ciiu TRUNG QUtfC sd (157) - - 49 v u THUY DUONG xay dflng quy che d a n h gia giao vien dinh dat kdt qua nhfl mong ddi, ddi hoi t r e n ed sd "Lugt dpi hpe" Bat dau tfl no lfle cd gang cua t o a n xa hdi Tidu chi n a m 2007, Dai Loan thfle hien che d a n h gia giao due dai hpc Dai Loan danh gia giao vien (danh gia h a n h chinh trfldng hge; danh Thang 1-2007, dfla vao cd sd p h a p ly gia eac khoa, vien hoae d a n h gia chfldng cua "Lugt dgi hpc swto do^' (2005), Bd trinh hge ) c6 sfl p h d n chia ro rang giiia Giao due da b a n h a n h "Bien phdp eac cd q u a n kiem djnh (Bp Giao due, kiim dinh ehdt liipng gido due dgi hpc" n h a m Nha trfldng vk To chflc d a n h gia ddc lap) giup cdng tac danh gia chdt Ifldng dat Vi du nhfl: "Trung hidu qua eao hdn Thfle te, vdi each tidp due dgi hpc tdi dodn phdp cdn mdi n h ^ t t h i l t p h a i cd dfldc mdt n a m mdt I l n chju t r a c h nhidm danh gia tdm kiim dinh gido nhdn" cfl cd chd danh gia k i l m dinh dai hpc thflc chfldng t r i n h hpc; "Hiip hpi kiim sfl hoan chinh Mudn the', Bd Giao due xd dodn phdp khdng chi cd trach nhidm p h a i quy k i l m dinh v l linh vflc khoa hgc cdng hoach viec kiem dinh cac trfldng dai hpc nghd Vu Giao due Dai hpe (trflc thu§c nhdn" dinh chiu trach nhidm md cdn phai cd ke hoach ve thcii gian, Bp Giao due) uy q u y i n cho: Phong Giao tieu chuan cac hang mue kidm djnh vu cae trfldng dai hpc tfl k i l m (finh; Dai thudc vao dac t h u eua tflng trfl&ng hpe Khoa hpc Ky t h u ^ t Van Ldm; Tnmg Trong qua trinh trien khai, Bp Giao due tdm nghidn cflu giao due day n g h l ciing va "Trung tdm kiim dinh gido due dgi phdi hdp k i l m djnh ehdt Ifldng giao due hgc tdi dodn phdp nhdn" da cd sfl phdi cao dang, hgc vidn ky t h u a t ; "Hgi dong hdp nhjp nhang, a n y vdi n h a u k h i to t h d m djnh Y hpe" eua Trung tam kiem chfle thfle hien Mac dfl, cac trfl6ng dfldc dinh giao due bdc cao chiu trach nhi|m hfldng che dp tfl hpc t h u a t va dfldc ddi vdi cac trfl&ng chuydn y khoa Nam phap luat bao vd, nhflng Bd Giao due 2003, "Hiip Dai Loan vdn chu dgng p h a t huy chflc Trung Hoa" r a ddi Nhiem vu ehii ydu hdi Gido due Ky thudt nang giam sat eua minh viec thuc cua Hidp hdi Id t h a m khao cac tieu day hdp phap cdng tac trien k h a i k i l m chudn ehiing n h d n qudc te "Hi|p djnh cha't Ifldng giao due dai hgc fldc Washington 1989" (Hifp fldc ve ah hflu tri t u e ddi vdi mach tieh hdp) de ap 3.2 Da dang hda cdng dinh chdt liidng ddo tao dai tdc kiem hoc Trong qua t r i n h da nguyen hda giao due dai hgc, ehuyen tfl q u a n ly "trflc tiep sang giam sat" d l dam bao k i t qua k i l m 50 dung vao b a n dia"^ T h a n g 3-2011 Vi^n Nghidn eiiu giao due Ddi Loan dU(?c ldp, mdt nhiing muc tiSu quan trgng cua Vipn Id danh gia kdt qua giao due; tfl v ^ chiln Ifldc n h i m c^ NGHItN Clill TRUNG QUtfc so (157) - 2014 Ki^ dinh giio dye dai hoc thidn chdt Ifldr^ giao due va tri nang trach v l cdng tac bdi dfldng nghiep vu liic canh t r a n h todn c^lu cua D l i Loan chuydn mdn giao vien bdc dai hpc va C6 the thdy, da d a r ^ hda hinh thfle lanh dao giao due ddnh gia da trci t h a n h d i l m n h d n quan Diem n h d n khac cua giao due dai hpc trgng ciia chd "ngi dja hda" theo tieu Dai Loan ciing c i n phai de cdp den chudn quoc td cdng tae kilm dinh ehinh la chfldng trinh hpc Id'y "giao vien chdt Ifldng giao due dai hgc Dai Loan iam chu the" (Vi du nhfl: Tai lieu giang Mdt dilm n h d n t h a n h edng khac eua day, phfldng phap day hpe d i u giang Dai Loan dd chfnh la n a m 2005, Dai vien quydt (finh Chi c i n theo dung ke Loan i l n d i u tidn ap dung ehhih sach "rdi hoach day hpc, giang vidn tfl chiu trach khoi \\A tniSng" ddi vdi nhfliig tnidng hdp nhiem hoan t h a n h nhidm vu; Khi len ldp bj danh gia thudc hang dfldi mflc chudn giao vidn phai cd cac chiing nhan van (loai 3)'"' Thflc t l , viec ap dung chat che bdng hdn quan den mdn hpc dd; cac cong chfnh saeh ndy Id n h i m tidn tdi thflc hidn trinh nghidn ciiu khoa hpc bat buoc cua nar^ cao mat bang c h i t Ifldng toan dien giao vien phai dfldc SCI va SCIE danh gia, t h a m dinh*^^ ) Dfldng nhidn, ap dung ciia giao due dai hpe bien phap ndy mud'n dat hidu qua cao 3.3 Chu trpng 8U, hiing din nhdn td^liidng quoc" giang vien phai dat cha't Ifldng qud'c te Song song vdi viec chu trpng bdi Mdt nhiing mat m a n h cua nen dfldng chuyen mdn, nang cao tfnh "til giao due Ddi Loan ndi chung va giao due chii" eua giang vien, ehinh quyin Dai dai hpe ndi ridng chfnh la ludn chu trpng Loan cdn cd'p kinh phi cho giang vien dai ddn chdt Ifldng dgi ngu giang vidn Vdi hgc di khao sat thflc te, hpc tap nghien quan nidm chia khda cho tang trflSng cflu b nfldc ngoai (chfldng trinh nghidn kinh te - xa hgi la nang cao toan didn cflu "mua he") de tie'p t h u nhflng tri thflc chdt Ifldng giao due Mud'n vdy, vide mdi, cap nhat cong nghe giao due hidn nang ca'p ddi ngu giang vidn phai la flu dai nham phuc vu td't hdn cho cdng tac tidn hang d i u - cd "Thay gioi mdi ed tro day hpc sau cua hg Tao nhieu dieu gioi" Giao vien b Dai Loan dfldc tuyen kien t h u a n ldi de giao vidn phat huy het chgn va dfldc ddo tao quy cu chat che; nang Iflc cua minh, nhflng neu khong them vao dd hp ludn dfldc tai ddo tao va dfldc h l u dai mot each hdp ly se khd cd b6i dfldng lien tuc Hien, Dai Loan da cd thd c6 dpi ngu giao vien gioi Lfldng cua 12 t n m g tdm dao tao nang eao t^i chflc giao vien Dai Loan thflcing cao hdn mflc cho giao vidn Vifn Nghien cflu giao due Ifldng trung binh ciia cac nganh nghd Dai Loan eung ed Trung t a m chuyen khac tfl 20 - 30%, rieng doi vdi giang NGHICN CUfU TRUNG QUtfC so (157) - - 51 v u THUY Dl/ONG vidn dai hpc ngoai mflc Ifldng cao h d n eae giao due dai hpe Dai Loan khdng ngflng bac hpc khae, hp edn dfldc hfldng thdm n a i ^ eao ehd't Ifldng, ddng thdi phat huy t h u n h a p tfl cae hoat ddng nghien ciiu hdt "npi lfle" ciia m i n h t r d n eon dfl&ig khoa hpe Chinh nhd vao nhiing bidn hfldng tdi mdt n l n giao due tidn tiln phap hflu hidu cua chfnh q u y i n trong k h u vflc vd trdn t h d gidi vide khdng ngiing n a n g cao to* ehdt giao vidn, sd Ifldng giang vidn cd hiiu ed t r i n h dp Thac si, Tien si ciing tang ldn lihanh chong Chdt Ifldng giao vidn t ^ n g dfldc cai thien da gdp p h i n dang k l n a n g CHU THICH: cao n a n g Iflc canh t r a n h cua Dai Loan tren toan e l u (Dai Loan xdp hang 19/142 nfldc va k h u vflc t r e n t h d gidi v l chdt Ifldng giao due; thfl v l cha't Ifldng giao due khoa hpe cdng nghd va toan hpe; xdp thfl vd giao due dai hpc'^^ X6t trdn binh dien rdng hdn, ehu trpng ddn vdn d l "Ifldng sfl, hflng qud'c" dd chinh Id mpt nhiing giai p h a p ddng bd hidu qua eho cac bfldc di t u I n tfl tiep theo eua qua trinh qud'c te hda giao due dai hgc eua Dai Loan Nhin chung, hidn hd thong danh gia, kiem dinh giao due dai hgc cua Dai Loan v i n chfla dat dfldc mflc toi flu nhfl ky vpng, c i n them thcii gian de t i l p tuc hoan thien hdn niia Song v l cd b a n cac tieu chi, muc dich, chmh sach thflc thi cua chmh quyen Dai Loan da n h a n dfldc sfl ling hg rdng rai xa hdi Co the thdy, chfnh sfl hgi nhap qudc t d cang sau (1) Opening Ad^ess, http://w\vw.nobelprize.oi^ nobeI_prizes/a\vard_ceremomes/speeches^ opening- 2008.hunl zmif, Bmmw> 2005 (3) mmsi.,^0j.^^:^^mmMMX^M0 f^fi, 2004 (4) D^n nien khda 1976 ~ 1977 md rdng them cac Hgc vi?n Ndng nghi?p, Hgc vi?n Cflng nghigp, Hgc vi§n Y khoa Tiep den cic ni6n kh6a 1977 - 1978 va nien khda 1978 - 1979 Ian lud danh gia ki^m djnh chat lugng cic Hpc vifn Kinh te, hoc vi§n Phip ly, hpc vi?n Nhan vin vi hoc vi|n Su ph^m D^ hieu rd hon tinh hinh tien trien ci^ cic tnidng, sau dinh gii ki^m dinh, Bp Gi^o due lien tuc cic nien khda tfl 1979 - 1980 d^n 1982 - 1983 td chiic cac ehirong tiinh cdng tic san dinh gia Idem djnh chat lupng Nhung tbiri gian tat ci ket qui kiem djnh chit lugng chi cung cap npi bp cho cic tmdng dupe dinh gii ki^m dinh ma khong cdng bo ngoii (5) as *¥*f"tt: asis^sww* rdng da giup Dai Loan thay doi nhilu v l SI ?5TSJil tUliStt 2008 "tfl duy" dao tao "Thi trflcing hda, qudc td (6) Cic t6 chic hoc thugt thirimg cdc giio sir ducmg chiirc vi chuySn gia Irong cic tmdng dai lioc hda" chfnh la nhiing n h a n td tich cflc d l 52 NGHItN Cl)U TRUNG QUiSc so (157) - 2014 Ki^ dinh giio due dai hgc thinh l|p vi hp h i ^ rO xu thS phit triln vi trinh chuyen mdn ciia cic Knh vuc chuyfin nginh tfa] tnidng Cic tnidng dai hgc khoa hgc ky thuat vi hgc vi?n ky thuit cung ^ (tong qiry dinh niy (7) Tiln Trgng Tii, Lam Nghi Hin, Ddnh gid kiim djnh chdt Iwpng d^i hoc Ddi Loan, http://www.buddhismtoday.coniAdet/thamcuiidanh giakiemdiiih.htm (16) Science Citation Index (vilt tit la SCI, tara dich Chi so Trich din Khoa hgc) li mdt danh sach cic tap chi xay dyng dua tien tan suit trich cua cac bai bio ding 66 Danh sach n ^ Vi§n TTiong tin khoa hgc qudc tl (ISI - Institute for Scientific Infoimation, Hoa Ky H i ^ Ii mgt bp phan cua hang Tlioinson Rcuteurs) I ^ dau tien cdng bo vao nim 1960 Co hon 3700 tap cM nim danh sich nay, bao triim 100 luih wfc khic (8) ^um,-xm^^^-^mmmfmm, mm S^fll, 8/2007 (Nim 2002,'Tning tim kilm dinh giio due dai hgc tii doin phip nhin"- mpt to chde kiem djnh khich quan dpc lap dupe tliinh lap) (9) ^m^, ^^'m^m.mmm%'\mj^\tm{ 2001 (10) mmm {^^x^^mwmM&^is, Sau dd, mdt phien bin dai hon oia SCI Ii Science Citation Index Expanded (SCE, tam d}ch Chi so Trich din Khoa hgc Md rdng) ciing dirge cdng b6, bao gom hon 6500 tap chi tren khoing 150 luihvuc.Cd thi coi diy li danh sich cic tap chi qudc tl c6 uy tin hing dau Iinh wc khoa hgc vi cdng nghl vi quy trinh xet duyet rat chit clig, so lupng bii bio co chat lugng cao (ll)^^;^CKK94^12^29B{*iE) www.ntnu.edu,tw/dsa/tutor/jobs/Iaws/law-2.doc (12) Trong "Luat d^i hpc siia d6i" nim 2005 vi^ dinli gii chi bao him tiln hinh mgt cich (17) Klaus Schwab, The Global chung chung chd chua plian logi liang miic dinh gii Competitiveness Report 2011-2012 Worid cu thi, rd ring nhir "Bipn pliip kilm djnh dgi Economic Forum, pp 339 hpc" Npi dung kilm dinli "Lu$t dai hgc" chi bao gim: dinh gii tong the tmdng hgc, ky luit hpc T A I L I E U THAM K H A O t^p cCia sinh vien, tinh trang thir vifn, nhan s\f cdn vAn de dinli gii mde dg tu hgc thugt chua dugc dl cip din Cdn "Hipn phip kilm dinh dai hgc", pham vi dinh gii r^t chi tilt nliu: tii lieu, chuong trinh giing day; nguin luc giio vien; cong PMM,^^Se^MMif^Z^mf^ z tic nghien cihi cik giing vien; tiiii dg, tu cich giio vi£n; tv cha tmdng hgc ^mn, mm, m^m (2012), ^mis^mw xx^m.wifu^m.n.Rmm%m (13) mm^.0^m^mmm mm'-^n 2009 mmm {^mi :^^mwmm&&n 2001 ^T!J,2010 (14) ^p.m' mm - ^mm, -^mmmmnm- • mmik (1997), fm^mm%, ^ « K W 674/2012 (15) Os chi "rdi khdi thi tmdng" dau tien hit phii kl li vio tiling 10/2004 Bd Giio dvc cdng bl "Phuang phdp ddnh gid kiim dinh cdc trudng cao ddng" Xic dtnli rO c&c khoa bj xep hang "loai ba" nim sau phii ngirng tuyln sinh, ddng ciia rfn khdi N6H|£N C|)1ITRUNG QUtfC SO (157) - m^nwsm-mmm^m mmn ^mM^mmmwmmzsmm ^^,1?^^^^, (8/2007) w m (2004) mwmmmsfmmn, m ^K^, mk^n%%%, ;kmm^^m ?, IS:W^^.^T