Y kien trao do! SS 62 nam 2014 ^ MOT SO KET QUA DOI MOfI PHlTONG PHAP, HINH THU''''C TO CHU''''C DAY HQC CAP TltV HOC TAI THANH P H 6 C A N THO IRAN HONG THAM'''' TOM TAT Tir tlnh hmh qudn li doi mdi phucmg ph[.]
Y kien trao do! SS 62 nam 2014 ^ MOT SO KET QUA DOI MOfI PHlTONG PHAP, HINH THU'C TO CHU'C DAY HQC CAP TltV HOC TAI THANH P H C A N THO IRAN HONG THAM' TOM TAT Tir tlnh hmh qudn li doi mdi phucmg phdp vd hinh thirc ti chirc dgy hgc cua gido vien tieu hgc thdnh phi Cdn Tho, ehung tdi xdc dinh cdc gidi phdp cdn dugc thuc hi^n dong bp qud trinh ddi mdi phuang phdp vd hinh thuc to chirc dgy hgc - yiu td quan trgng quyet dinh chdt lugng dgy hgc, chdt lugng gido due, gop phdn ndng cao tay nghi, timg budc dgt chudn nghi nghipp gido vien tiiu hgc d mirc dp cao Tit khda: ddi mdi phuang phap, tiiu hpc, thdnh phd Can Tho ABSTRACT The results of renewing methodology and teaching practices in primary schools in Can Tho City Based on the reality of renewing methodology and teaching practices of primary school teachers in Can Tho city, we identify solutions that need implementing synchronously in renewing methodology and teaching practices - the most important factor of teaching quality and education quality, in order to enhance professional skills, gradually achieving career standards at high level Keywords: improving teaching methods, primary, Can Tho City Bgt van di Ddi mdi phucmg phdp dgy hpc ndi rieng vd ddi mdi chucmg trinh, phucmg phap giao due phd thdng ndi chung cd vai trd vd Cling quan trgng cdng tdc gido due va dao tgo Nghi quyit Dai hdi Dang todn qudc lin thii XI xac dinh: "Doi m&i cdn bdn vd todn dien gido due, ddo tgo: thuc hien ding bp cdc gidi phdp phdt trien vd ndng cao chdt lugng gido due, ddo tgo Ddi mdi chucmg trinh, npi dung, phuong phdp dgy vd hoc, phuong phdp thi kiim tra theo hudng hien dgi; ndng cao chdt lugng gido due todn dien " [1] Ddi mdi phuong phap dgy NCS, Trudng Bgi hpc Su pham TPHCM 124 hpc Id mdt nhirng khau rit quan trgng bdi le phuong phap dgy hpc cd hgp Ii thi hieu qua ciia viec day hpc mdi cao, phuang phdp cd phii hgp thi mdi cd thi phat huy dugc tinh nang ddng, khd nang ty chii, tu sang tgo cua ngudi hpc, gdp phan tgo nhung ngudi cd kha ndng gidi quyit nhiiu vin di ndy sinh cudc sdng xa hdi Mat khdc, hinh thiic td chirc dgy hgc la yiu td khdng thi tdeh rdi vdi phuang phdp dgy hgc No vita tgo nen sy tac ddng qua Igi, hd trp cho phucmg phap dgy hgc vira tgo cho hgc sinh su hiing thii qua trinh tiip thu kien thirc Do vdy, viec ddi mdi giao Tgp chi KHOA HOC DHSP TPHCM dye khong the khong doi mai phucmg phap va hinh thiic to chue day hgc Khai quat vl m^t so kit qua ddi mdi phircrag phap va hinh thirc td chue day hpc cap tieu hgc tai Cin Thff Trong nhiing nam qua, ngdnh giao due phd Cdn Tho da thuc hidn d6i moi phuong phdp va hinh thiic to chiie d^y hgc tir cdp tidu hoc den cdp trung hgc phd thdng theo cac chi thi, cdng van huong dan thuc hidn nhidm vu nam hgc cua Bg Gido due vd Ddo tao Chinh vi the, da sd can bg quan H giao due vd gido vien ddu co n h ^ thiic tot ve tae dung cua ddi moi phuong phap va hinh thiic to chiic day hgc, buac ddu mang lai nhiing kdt qua dang khich Id, tao ndn mdt buac chuydn mai vd mat chat lugng cho gido due ciia Cdn Tha, dac bidt la gido due tieu hgc - cap hgc nen tang cua giao due phd thdng Vai co sd li ludn vd ddi mdi phuang phdp day hgc, So Gido dye va Dao tao phd Can Tha da tap trung vdo cac ndi dung sau: To chiic cho gido vidn hgc tap, nghien ciiu chuan kidn thiic, kT nang cua chuang trinh tidu hgc ddi voi timg khdi lop, timg mdn, timg chuang va timg bai d^iy nhimg ldn sinh hoat chuydn mdn dd giao vidn "Dgy hoc theo chudn kien thde, Ja ndng cua chucmg trinh vd doi mai phucmg phdp dgy hoc ", ddm bdo sau mdi tidt hgc, tdt ca hgc sinh ddu dat chudn kidn thiic, ki ndng theo quy dinh Ban hanh cong vdn huang ddn gido vidn ve vide didu chinh ngi dung day hgc phii hgp vai ddi tugng hgc sinh va didu ki?n thvrc td trudrng hgc; huang dan xay Tran Hdng Tham dung kd hoach bdi hgc theo hud'ng ddi moi (bat ddu bang nhiing hoat dgng va day cho hgc sinh bat ddu tir nhirng gi cac em da bidt, dap img ydu cau doi mdi phuong phdp theo hudng doi mdi cdeh thiet ke bdi dgy, lap ke hoach bdi hoc vd xdy dung muc tieu bdi hgc) Tap trung thuc hidn vide didu chinh ngi dung day hgc cho phu hgp voi ddi tugng hgc sinh trdn ca so dam bao chuin kidn thiic va kT nang ciia chuang trinh; day manh vide soan gidng theo khung kd hoach bdi hgc; ddi mdi phuong phdp day hgc, hinh thiic td chiic day hgc dd mgi hgc sinh ddu "dugc hgc" vd "hgc dugc" Huong din ddi moi phuang phdp day hgc gdn vdi ddi mai phuang phdp kidm tra va ddnh gid kdt qua hgc tap cua hgc sinh Trong danh gid, giao vien chuydn sir ddnh gid ciia minh thdnh qud trinh tu ddnh gia ciia hgc sinh vd kdt qua hgc tap va ren luyen ciia bdn thdn Cd thdy va tro ddu tham gia qud trinh danh gid kdt qua dat dugc hoat dgng ciia minh theo muc tidu da dd Chi dao thi didm trang thidt bi hidn dai, sdp xdp, trang tri ldp hgc "thdn thien", trang bj nhieu sdch tham khao tai "gdc thu vien ldp", trung bay nhidu san phdm hgc tap ciia hgc sinh, bd tri ngdi hgc theo nhdm nham kit hgp hogt dgng cd nhdn vdi hogt dgng nhom vd phdt huy khd ndng ciia cd nhdn; mat khdc se tao didu kidn thudn lgi cho doi m&i phuong phdp dgy hgc gdn lien vdi doi mdi cdc phucmg tien dd dung, thiet bi phuc vu dgy hgc Thuang xuydn bdi duang nhan thirc vd ddi moi phuang phap vd hinh thiic td 125 Y kien trao doi chirc day hgc, tii giao vien tieu hgc van dung 11 lugn dgy hpc vdo thyc te ciia ldp hpc mdt cdeh khd phii hgp vdi timg ddi tugng hpc sinh, vdi dieu kien vat chat cOa trudng Tit dd, kl nang su pham ciia giao vidn khdng ngimg dugb cai thien va SS 62 nam 2014 nang cao, sd gido vien dgy gidi cac cdp ngdy cdng nhieu vd gido vien dugc danh gia yeu, kem vi tay nghi theo chudn nghe nghiep giao vien tieu hgc cang giam Thong ke ddnh gid chudn nghi nghiep gido vien tiiu hgc ndm hgc (2009-2012) Tuy dgt dugc mdt sd ket qua nhit dinh, nhimg qua trinh triin khai thyc hien ddi mdi phuang phdp vd hinh thirc td chirc day hgc, vdn cdn tinh trang gido vien day theo "Idi mdn", theo ldi truyin thdng "thiy dpc - trd chep" Vi the, kl nang su pham cua cdc giao vien ndy khdng he tiin bd, ti Ie giao vien ddnh gia theo chuan nghi nghiep gido vien tiiu hgc logi trung binh vdn cdn tren 2,5% Hgc sinh xip logi hgc lye yiu cua ca phd cd giam nhimg d mdt sd dia phucmg, ti le vin cao so vdi mat bang chung Nhung hgn chi nhu tren nhiiu nguyen nhan tac ddng, dnh hudng Trudc hit la tir phia giao vien, mdt sd it khdng qua dao tao mdt edch chinh quy, chua dugc chuin hda vi chuyen mdn, nghiep vu, kiin thirc han che, kl nang su phgm chua hodn thien 126 nen chua du nen tang de tiip thu Ii Iu|n, van dung vao thyc ti dgy hgc phii hpp; khodng each gitra li ludn ddi mdi phuong phap va thyc tiin ldp hgc cdn xa rdi, chua mang tinh thdng nhdt; khd ndng dieu chinh ndi dung day hgc d timg bai hgc, timg mdn hgc cho phit hgp vdi dii tugng hgc sinh ctia minh cdn chua tot Vi vgy, ket qud ciia ddi mdi phuong phap va hinh thirc dgy hgc thap hon so vdi mong dgi Sd giao vien tiiu hgc da Idn tudi phan ndo bieu hien tam H bao thii, chdm ddi mdi, bat nhjp chua kip vtii cac phucmg phap, hinh thirc, phuong tien day hgc hien dgi Mat khac, da sd gido viSn tiiu hgc la nii (chiim 67,71% ting so gido vien tieu hgc) nen yiu td gia dinh ciing chi phdi phin nao din cdng vipc Td trudng chuyen mdn d m$t si trudng hogt ddng kem hieu qud, it di cip Tgp chi KHOA HQC OHSP TPHCM ddi mod phucmg phap va hinh thiic td chiic day hgc cac cudc hgp chuyen mon td Dong thai, khau kidm tra, du gia, thdm ldp ciia cdc edp nhdm ddnh gia tdc dgng ciia ddi mai phuang phdp va hinh thiic td chiic day hgc den kT nang su pham ciia gido vidn, ddn chat iugng day hgc han chd Hieu trudng ciia trucmg tidu hgc d vdi nai cd bieu hidn budng ldng qudn li, chi dao, khdng quan tdm nhidu ddn viec ddi moi phuang phap day hgc, it kiem tra hoat ddng ciia td chuyen mdn, khdng du gia, tham ldp ndn khdng thd giiip gido vien giai quydt nhiing kho khan gap phdi thuc td day hgc Cdng tdc td chiic chuydn dd doi mai phuang phap cap huydn vd cdp trudng cdn mang tinh hinh thiic, chua di vao chieu sdu, thieu thuc td ndn mang lai hieu qud thap vide tdng kdt kinh nghiem doi mdi phuang phdp vd hinh thiic td chiic dgy hgc, dd ed the bd sung cho 11 ludn dgy hgc va nhan rgng kinh nghidm den cdc dia phucmg khdc Kdt qua ciia vide ddi mdi phucmg phdp vd hinh thiic td chiic dgy hgc da gop phan ndng cao chdt lugng gido due hgc sinh tieu hge ciia phd, giiip hpc sinh ndm viing kidn thiic sau mdi gio hgc, bai hgc; gdp phdn hinh nhan cdeh nguai mdi ndng ddng, tu chu, linh hogt, sang tao mgi tinh hudng D^c bi?t la kT nang, thdi dp va hanh vi, kT ndng song duge trau ddi qua vide hgc tap tich c\rc, nhu: hgp tac, trao ddi vdri ban bd; thd hi^n y kidn, thdi chii quan truac nhihig vdn dd co lidn quan; tu tim ldi khdm phd ngi dung bai hgc Tir dd, hgc sinh dan hinh thdi quen hgc TrSn Hdng Tham tap, lam vide nhom Kdt qua danh gia, xdp logi hgc sinh tidu hgc a cac nam qua cho thdy sir tidn bd ro net ciia hgc sinh: ti Id hgc sinh xdp logi hgc lire gidi tang tir 41% (nam hgc 2009-2010) len 43% (nam hgc 2010- 2011) va 48,4% (nam hgc 2011- 2012); ngugc lai, ti Id hgc sinh xdp loai hgc luc ydu gidm ddng kd qua timg ndm hgc: tir 2,7% (nam hgc 2009-2010) giam cdn 1,2% (nam hgc 2010-2011) va chi 0,2% (nam hgc 2011-2012) Giai phap De khac phuc nhung van dd trdn, nham ddi mdi phuang phdp va hinh thiic td chiic dgy hgc, can thuc hidn dong bd cdc gidi phdp sau: Qudn li ddi mai phucmg phdp va hinh thiic td chiic dgy hgc, tap trung vao kd hoach ddo tao, boi dudng thuang xuydn, ndng cao trinh dg nhdn thiic H luan va kha ndng van dung ddi mdi phuang phdp dgy hgc cho giao vidn; bdi dudng nghiep vu, chuyen mdn cho giao vien tidu hgc vd ddi mai phucmg phdp dgy hgc, vd sir dung phuang tidn cdng nghd vao dgy hgc - Xay dung kd hoach td chiic tap huan, chuyen de, thao gidng cdc cdp Ddy manh sinh hogt td chuydn mdn, phdt huy vai trd td trudng chuyen mdn dd cdc cudc hgp td trd nhimg budi thdo ludn khoa hgc nhd vd ddi moi phuong phap vd hinh thire day hgc; Chi dao viec bd tri, sir dung phuang tidn, thidt bi dgy hgc va ti; ldm dd diing dgy hpc phuc vu ydu cau ddi mai phucmg phdp va hinh thiic td chirc dgy hgc; khdng dinh tinh diing ddn ciia li ludn "ddi moi phuang phdp dgy hgc gdn lien voi ddi Y kien trao doi mdi cac phuang tien, dd dung, thiet bi phuc vy day hgc"; Thuc hien dieu chinh ndi dung cdc mdn hpc, cdc phan mdn d cap tieu hgc phu hgp vdi ddi tugng hgc sinh va dieu kien thyc te; tao dieu kien de gido vien thuc hien ddi mdi phuang phdp vd hinh thirc td chiic dgy hgc phii hop vdi dieu kidn cua timg ldp, dap iing yeu ciu ciia chuang trinh gido due phd thdng; Td chiic tdng kit kinh nghiem ddi mdi phuang phap vd hinh thirc td chirc day hgc di chiing td kit qua ddi mdi phuang phap vd hinh thiic td chirc day hgc mang tinh khd thi vd hieu qua Ket luan Cd the khing dinh ddi mdi phuong phdp day hgc la yeu td quyit dinh chdt lugng day hpc, gdp phin nang cao tay nghe cua gido vien tieu hpc, timg budc ndng chudn nghe nghiep giao vien tiiu SS 62 nam 2014 hpc len miic dd cao Dieu ndy ddi hdi cdc gidi phap quan Ii cin dugc thyc hidn ddng bp, giup giao vien cd the ke thira vd phdt huy nhirng iru diem, khac phye nhuge diem ciia cdc phutmg phdp dgy hgc truyen thdng va cap nhgt phuang phdp day hgc hien dgi Ddng thdi vdi thuc hien ddng bg edc giai phdp, cin dam bag nhOng diiu kien co ban, can thiet, nhu: nang cao trinh dp, nang luc su phgm ciia ddi ngii gido vien tiiu hgc; diiu chinh chuong trinh va sach giao khoa cho phii hgp vol thyc ti gido duc,vdi didu kien cu the ciia dja phuong; dam bdo cd dii dd dung dgy hpc, trang thiit bi va ca sd vat chdt tdi thiiu theo quy dinh cua Bd Giao dye vd Ddo tgo; ddi mdi kiem tra, ddnh gia hgc sinh; nang cao nang lye cua dpi ngQ edn bd qudn li, ddi mdi cdng tac chi dgo quan Ii cdc cip TAI LIEU THAM KHAO Ban Chap hdnh Trung uong Dang (2011), Vdn kien Dai hpi Ddng todn quic ldn thil Xl,Ylkm\ Bd Giao due va Dao tao (2002), Du dn phdt triin gido vien tiiu hoc, Nxb Gido due Ha Ndi Bd Giao due va Ddo tao (2007), Quy dinh vi Chudn nghi nghiep gido vien tiiu hQC, ban hanh kem theo Quyit dinh sd 14/2007/QD-BGDDT ngdy 04-5-2007 Qudc hdi nude Cpng hda Xa hdi chu nghia Viet Nam (2000) Nghi quyit 40/2000/QHlO, Nxb Chinh tri Qudc gia, Hd Ndi Qudc hdi nude Cpng hda xa hdi chu nghla Viet Nam (2005), Lugt Gido due sua Si, Nxb Chinh tri Qudc gia Ha Ndi (Ngiy Toa soan nhin dirge bii-11-6-2014; ngiy phin biin dinh gii: 15-7-2014ngiy chip nhin ding: 22-9-2014) 128 Tap chi KHOA HOC OHSP TPHCM Le Ngoc Tudng Khanh ^iDAY LAM VAN THEO MAU, NHIN TlT TIEU HOC LE NGOC 1\S(3HG KHANH* TOM TAT Thuc trgng hgc sinh (HS) cdp tieu hoc ldm van theo mdu Id vdn di md nhirng ngudi ldm gido due vd phu huynh rdt quan tdm vd luon tim bien phdp di khdc phuc Bdi viit mo td thuc te su dung phucmg phdp li^in tap theo mdu dgy Tap ldm vdn hien nhdm giup HS thodt khoi tinh trgng Igm dung van mdu ldm vdn vd di xudt mot sS cdeh thuc cdi tien viec su dung phuong phdp ndy Tit khoa: dgy van theo mdu, dgy lam van df tieu hgc ABSTRACT Teaching composition lessons by model essays from a Primary Education perspective The reality of primary students manipulating model essays for their writing works in composition lessons is an issue that educators and parents are paying a lot of attention to and attempting to find a solution to This article presents the reality of applying the method ofpracticing using model essays in teaching composition lessons to help primary students avoid overusing model essays in their writing works and suggests some improvements for the application of this methods Keywords: teaching composition lessons by model essays, teaching composing lessons in primary school Dat v3n de Day van "la dgy ngudi, quan niem chua bao gidf cu vd da trd thdnh nguydn li gido due hgc Cd chdng, can hidu ro hem rdng: "day chO dd dgy nguoi", eac mon hgc khac trang bi kidn thiic, kT nang dd HS cd tri thiic va ldm vide vdi vdn tri thiic ca ban ay Dgy vdn, khdng chi dimg kidn thirc, kT ndng md "dat ndn tang, xdy dung, vun dip " nhan each, tam hdn cua mdi HS, cho mdi diia tre da dugc den trudng se ddu Id nhimg ngudi ngoan, bgn tdt vdi day dii ndng luc vd phdm chat md gia dinh vd xa hgi mong mudn Vi vgy, van dd "dgy vd hgc Vdn" dugc nhidu ngudi quan tdm vd gdp y dd nhung nguai lam cdng tdc gido due luu tam vd cd gdng hoan thien hem nua Dgy Tap ldm van (d tidu hgc) sir dung bdi vdn mdu: Nen hay khdng ndn? Diing hay khdng diing? Didu ndy cdn tiiy thudc rdt nhidu vao viec day HS d giai dogn nao qua trinh ITnh hdi tri thiic ciia mpt ndi dung mdn Tidng Viet Ndu chiing ta bidt rdng "Phuang phdp Luyen tap theo mdu" la mgt nhung phucmg phdp day hgc ngdn ngG co ban (ngdn ngir vdi tu each la tidng me de ldn ngogi ngir) thi vide day ldm vdn theo mau se cd dugc cai nhin tich cue han Tuy nhidn, the nao la "luyen tap theo mdu?" va "luyen the ndo de vide day vd hgc khdng rap khudn tu "mdu?" Id van dd ma 'ThS, Tru&ng Dgi hpc Su phgm TPHCM 129 Y kien trao doi bai viet de cap Giai quyet van de 2.1 Phuang phdp Luyen tap theo mau Idgi? Phuong phdp Luyen tap theo mdu dugc xdy dung dua tren ca s& khoa hgc Tdm li ngdn ngir hgc Theo do, HS linh hpi tieng me de thong qua nhOng hinh mdu sir dung ngon ngd cda ngu&i ldn thirc tien giao tiep bdng each cdm nhdn, hieu roi diing chiing Neu phirang phdp Phdn tich ngon ngir giiip HS hinh thdnh tri thirc thi Luyen theo mdu Id giai dogn ke tiep td chue cdc hogt dpng nhdm giiip cdc em van dung tri thuc tieng Viet vdo hogt dpng giao tiip [2, tr.264] Van dung vdo thuc tien giang dgy tiing Viet d tieu hpc, phuang phap Luyen tap theo mau thudng dugc su dyng sau phuang phdp Phan tich ngdn ngO, HS dd nam dugc cdc khai niem, cac quy tdc ngdn ngu Dya theo kit qud da phdn tich mau ngdn ngii, HS ty tao ldi ndi cho minh theo mot tinh hudng giao tiep gia dinh Miu ngdn ngii dgy hpc tiing Viet rat da dgng: cdu van, doan tha, bien ban hanh chinh dugc GV su dyng nhu nhung ngii: lieu cdc gid Luyen tii vd Cau, Tap lam van Mdu cung cd the Id cdeh phdt dm, each dpc, mdt cir chi giao tiip ciia chinh GV Dii da dang nhung miu phdi ludn gan vdi tinh hudng giao tiip cu thi, cd tdc dung giiip HS hiiu y nghla, cau true hinh thirc va sir dung chiing di ddng Phuang phdp Luyen tap theo mdu dugc sit dyng rdt nhiiu dgy hgc mdn Tieng Viet d tieu hgc vi nhiing thi 130 SS 62 nam 2014 manh rieng nhu sau: HS de dang tao Icri ndi cua ridng minh thdng qua viec md phdng theo mdu; HS cd nhieu co hdi luyen tap ngdn ngit; HS dugc hinh thdnh thdi quen diing ngdn ngii dung tir ddu; HS cd dieu kien ciing cd niem tin ve tri thirc, ki ndng tieng Viet md cdc em vira linh hdi Nhimg the manh ndy cdn la ca sd de GV giiip HS cdm thay gid hgc ngdn ngir thu vi, vi: HS dugc sit dyng vdn kinh nghiem ngdn ngir, vdn sdng ctia minh; HS cam gidc gio hgc cua minh cdng vi bdn than tao san phdm; HS ty tin viec tgo ldi Tuy nhien, viec tao Idi - mang sdc thdi cd nhan - lgi phai theo mau thi ddi lam gidm sy himg thii sir dung ngdn ngii ciia HS vi cdc bai tap luyen theo mlu thudng gd bd, mang nhieu tlnh chit gia tgo (vi la tinh hudng giao tiip gid djnh) De phuang phap ndy dat hieu qud thi cac bai tap cin da dang, dugc sdp xip ttt dl den khd, tgo diiu kien cho HS sir dung ngdn ngii mgt each ty vd chu dpng Ben canh dd, GV ciing can luu tam va khdng xem nhe qua trinh HS tgo ldi noi bang cdeh chii y din viec hinh cho HS cdc thao tdc tu duy, thao tdc ngdn ngii vd quy trinh thuc hien timg kiiu bdi tdp/ timg kl nang 2.2 Viec van dung phirang phip Luypn tgp theo mau phan mon Tap ldm van 2.2.1 Van dung phucmg phdp Luypn tap theo mdu hinh thdnh kiin thirc mdi Tap chi KHOA HOC BHSP TPHCM Tap lam van Id phan mdn mang tinh tdng hgp cao mon Tidng Viet a tidu hgc, ddi hdi ngudfi hgc bidt tdng hgp nhihig kidn thiic, kT nang ngdn ngii ciia tat cd cdc phan mdn dd tao ndn ldi ndi cua mdi ca nhdn Ngodi ra, tidu hgc Id bac hgc ki ndng, HS chua thd tu minh bidt each tdng hgp md cdn cd su huong ddn cua GV Vi vdy, dd cho HS khdng lam van theo mau, truac tidn la cdn ren cho HS cac kT nang lam van nhu: tim y Cac birac tien hanh LeNggc Tircmg Khanh sap xdp y theo timg ngi dung,.lap dan y, vidt dogn Trong phan mon Tap ldm vdn, phuang phap Luyen tap theo mau ddng vai trd quan trpng, dugc sir dung hdu hdt cac bai hinh thdnh kidn thirc moi vd dl nhien la sau phuong phdp Phdn tich ngdn ngu ^e hidu ro, co the xem vi du bdi hinh kien thiic Td ngogi hinh cua nhdn vdt bdi vdn ke chuyen (ldp 4) bang dudi day: Goi ten phirong phap dac trimg day hoc tieng Vi du minh hoa (Theo trinh tu cua SGK TV4, tap 1, Bira mau va phan tr.24) tich mau (riit nguyen tdc, neu co) Mdu Id dogn van ta chi Nha Tro De Men phieu luu ki cua Td GV su dung cac phuong Hoai phdp day hgc nhu thuydt Phan tich ngon nguBh khic sau them kidn thirc, HS trinh, ddm thoai, neu vdn tiep tuc phdn tich doan vdn ta ngogi dd, mgng ngu nghia dd hinh cua mot chii be lidn Igc cho bg cung HS phan tich, riit ddi khdng chien - trich tir mgt nguydn tdc tdc pham cua Vii Cao Ke lgi chuyen "Ndng Tien Oc", kel Dua theo man, HS hgp td ngogi hinh cdc nhdn vgt t^o san pham loi noi (SGKTV4,tdpl,U-.24) giong ho^c gan giong vdi (HS da doc va tim hidu ndi dung van mau bdn truyen tif trudc thdng qua phdn Luyen tap theo GV td chirc cho HS chia mdn Tap dge) mau se bai cua minh vdi cdc bgn GV s^a bai cho HS vd cd the chgn bai hay dd phan tich, dge trudc lop HS ling dung kien thiic vao cac de tTng dung dieu dirg^c bai Tap lam van kd chuyen: hpc vdo tinh huong giao Ki mot cdu chuyen em da dugc Hirong vdo hogt tiep CV the nghe hogc dugc doc ve mgt ngudi co dgng giao tiep buac ndy, HS van dung tdm long nhdn hau nhOtig hidu bidt cua minh Ke lgi cdu chuyen Noi ddn vgt ve vdn de dd tgo ldi ndi 131 V kien trao doi (dge, viet) eho phu hgp vdi tung hoan canh giao tidp cu thd GV thudng thyc hien rat cdn than, kl cdng budc Tuy nhien, sang budc 2, GV cd khuynh hudng it quan tam den viec chia se sdn phdm ldi ndi cua HS vdi Tgi budc nay, neu HS dugc phan tich rd rang cai hay ldn hgn che san phdm Idi ndi cua minh vd ciia ban thi mdi HS s6 rut kinh nghiem vd nhdn dupe gid tri diing ve ket qud ciia viec hgc Budc duge lam vung, lam tdt se la "ciu ndi" giup budc cd hieu qua Tai budc 3, HS ty van dung hieu biit cda minh di thuc hien yeu ciu cua di bdi Tuy nhien, theo quan sdt cua chiing tdi, tai budc 3, nhiiu gido vien (GV) e nggi HS khdng lam bdi dugc hogc lam bai khdng tdt nen hg thudng sir dung cdc bai vdn mau Cdc bai vdn mdu dugc viet dung vdi di bdi ma HS cin thuc hien Bai van miu dugc xem nhu la mlu ngdn ngii di HS ldm theo va Idm gin nhu gidng het Diiu da tao nen phan iing khdng tdt tir xa hdi [3] Vi vdy, cdc phdng giao due, trudng tiiu hpc da td chue chuyen di di ban luan vin di: Lam the nao de HS khdng ldm van theo mlu? 2.22 Van dirng phuang phdp luyen tap theo mdu hucmg ddn hgc sinh thuc hien bdi (di) tap ldm vdn Hien nay, tdn tai hai quan diim giup HS khdng lam theo miu Cu thi: (i) Trudc HS thuc hien budc 3, budc ifng dung nhirng diiu dugc hgc vdo tinh huong giao tiip cu thi, khdng nen 132 SS 62 nim 2014 •ciia An-drdy-ca bdng ldi cua cdu be An-drdy-ca (SGK,TV4,tapl,tr.l24) Trong kd, HS tu minh bidt kdt hgp td ngogi hinh cua cdc nhdn vgt dua cdc bdi van mdu cho HS tham khdo vi e ngai cac em se bat chudc vd lam rap khudn theo miu; khdng tich cyc cam nhan, suy nghi, tim tdi, suy luan Va khdng tham khdo bai vdn mdu thi HS se biit lam van theo y rieng cua minh Theo each nay, qud trinh day Tiing Viet, ngudi dgy phai thudng xuyen tao cdc tinh hudng giao tiip de HS tich cue vd lien tuc tao Idi ndL Khi gap mdt van di cdn gidi quyit, GV cin phdi kich thich HS ddng ndo suy nghi lap tiic; HS tu gidc tim each gidi quyit vin di mpt edch nhanh nhit cd the Lau din, HS se tao thdi quen - phdn xg cd diiu kien Nhu vgy, HS se ludn cd tam thi "luyen tap bai vita hpc theo timg tinh hudng giao tiip cu thi" vd ludn sdn sang tham gia vdo cac hogt ddng tgo Idi Day Id mdt edch thiic dgy hgc dua vdo co sd khoa hpc ciia Li thuyit hdnh vi chii nghia Cdc nhd hdnh vi chu nghia truyin thdng tin rdng hgc ngon ngir dem gidn chi Id vdn de bdt chudc vd hinh thdnh thoi quen Thong qua qud trinh cung co thudng xuyen vd khong thudng xuyen, ngudi hoc hinh thdnh mii lien he giua kich thich vd phdn ung trd loi, vd luypn tdp ldm cho cdc mdi lien he dugc mgnh len, virng chdc hem [2, tr.39] Cy thi, vita dpc de bai Tap Idm vdn, HS nghi diu, viit gidy: nhOng tit ngit, y, nhimg suy nghi, nhiing cam xiic lien quan din ddi tugng, su vdt hien tugng di Tap chi KHOA HQC DHSP TPHCM bdi yeu cau Tir dd, HS sdp xdp chiing vdo mgt trgt tu logic va phdt tridn bdi vdn (ii) Truac HS ldm mgt bai van ndn cho cdc em tham khao van mau cd cimg de bdi Tuy nhidn can cho HS nhgn dugc ndt ridng bidt cua timg bdi: su quan sat, cdm nhdn vd ddi tugng; nhan xet khac cua cimg m§t s\r vide va vdn Id sdn pham ridng ciia mdi ngudi, khdng gidng Tir do, HS hgc dugc each nghT, cdeh lam ciia nhidu ddi tugng khdc nhau: nha vdn, bgn be va chinh minh; biet tdn trgng y kidn ngudi khdc va "chiu khd" tim tdi net ridng cho bdi van ciia Le Ngoc Tu&ng Khanh minh Cdeh thiic dgy vdn dugc dd xuat trdn ca sa khoa hgc ctia Li thuydt kidn tgo, cu thd la quan didm kidn tao tri thiic cua Piaget: ""Hiiu vd khdm phd hogc Id tdi tgo bdng cdeh tdi khdm phd, vd nhitng dieu kien nhu the phdi duoc tgo nhimg cd nhdn co khd ndng tgo lap vd sdng tgo chu khong phdi Id tdi hi^n dan gidn'' [2, tr.46] Nhu vgy, viec HS dugc tim hieu va kham pha mgt bai van hay, mgt cdu van ddc dao se dugc cac em tdi tao lgi mgt each sang tgo, chii khdng phdi dimg lgi vi?c tai tgo dan gian Vi du: GV cung HS phdn tich de nhan nhvng ^ hay, lg Vi dy 1: Kd lgi cau chuy|n Ngudi tim dudng len cdc vi (SGK TV4, tap 1, tr 125) Ke lgi cau ehuy?n Tir nhd, Xi-dn-cdp-xki da Tir hoi edn nhd, tdi da timg ma ma u6c dugc bay len bau uoc bay len dugc cdc vi Mgt bdng ldi cua nhan vat Ldng vdo bdi ke, trdi C6 l4n, dng dai dgt ldn, nhin dan chim bay lugn trdn nhay qua cua sd de bay bdu trdi, tdi thdy chimg that hgnh dien ta hdnh dgng cua theo nhung canh chim phiic vi dugc bay va ngdm cdnh a nhan vat phii hgp vdi tmh Ket qua, dng bj nga gay nhidu noi Tdi nghT: "chim bay hudng Dua vdo bdi nhimg chdn Nhung rui ro lgi dugc thi ngucri cQng bay dugc" ldm ndy dau dc The la, ma vdi cira sd, tdi dang suy nghT, cam gidc cua non not ciia ong liic bdy tay, nhdm mat, nhay ngodi Kdt nhdn vat gid mgt cau hdi: "Vi qua, tdi nga mpt cu that dau vd qua bdng khdng cd cdnh phai ndm vidn Nhung chinh liic ma van bay dugc?" bi nga dau dd, dau tdi xudt Theo Le Quang Long - hidn mdt cdu hdi; "Vi qua Phgm Nggc Todn bdng khdng cd canh ma van bay dugc?" (Thanh Nhdn, HS ldp Trudng Tiiu hgc Nguyen Thdi Binh, Qudn 1) Vi dy 2: Ke lgi cdu chuydn Ndi ddn vdt cua An-drdy-ca (SGK TV4, tap 1, tr.55) So sanh "tudi len 9", Nhung An-drdy-ca Vdi tudi Idn 9, An-drdy-ca da khong nghT nhu vdy Cd pham mgt loi ldm that lon Mac hdy cdn nhd, vai loi lam Van bdn goc Do^n van dvgc chgn lam man 133 Sd 62 ndm 2014 Y kien trao doi ddm do, em ngdi mic no dudi gdc cdy tao tay dng vun trdng Mai sau nay, da ldn, em van ludn tu ddn vat: "Gia minh mua thudc vd kip thi dng cdn sdng thdm dugc it ndm nua" Theo Xu-Khom-Lin-Xki Trdn Mgnh Hudng dich du da dugc me an ui nhung ban dy da thiic sudt dem dudi gde cdy tdo dng vun trdng khdc mic nd Khdng chi nhu vdy, noi ddn vat, an hgn cdn theo ban mai vd sau: "Gid minh mua thude ve kip thi dng cdn song thdm dugc it nam nua" Phuong Nhi, HS lap 4, Trudng lieu hgc Nguyen Thdi Binh, Qudn Cau hdi ddt ra: Lam the nao de HS tdi tgo sdng tgo thi vide day hgc Tap lam van mai that su dgt hidu qud? Cd hai ggi y sau: - GV hudng din HS dimg nhiing hidu biet va kinh nghidm vd ngon ngir, vd cupc sdng dd phan tich vd nhgn nhimg didu cdn hpc tir van mau Tir dd, khuydn khich HS suy nghT dd img dung linh hoat, cd the bat chudc each nghT, each thiic ldp luan, each quan sat, each diing tir, dat cdu ciia tdc gid van mdu nhung y tudng, didn dgt, quan diem la phdi ciia chinh minh, mang sdc thai cua ca nhan minh GV ciing cdn dua vdo Tdm li hgc dd cd nghe thuat khai ggi "cdi tdi mudn thd hien, mudn tao sir khdc biet (dT nhidn la khdc biet tich cue), mudn hay, dpc, la" ciia HS dd tgo cho HS su himg thii va say md ldm van Tom lai, chgn each nao hai y kidn trdn la tiiy thupc vdo nguoi dgy ngucri cd anh huong rdt ldn ddn hidu qua giao due 2.3 Mgt so de xudt nhdm giup HS ldm van hieu qud 2.3 L Kit hap hai quan diim 134 dd nhdn mgnh thdm vide lam cua An-drdy-ca dudng nhu khd tha thir, khd qudn dugc vd tac gia cung nhu dang noi ddn tuoi ldn cua bdn than minh Cum tir "khdng chi nhu vgy" cd tac dung nhdn mgnh vd ndi ddn vgt, an hgn eua An-^y-ca Theo chiing tdi, can kdt hgp ca hai quan didm da dd cdp dd dgt duge hidu qua Tap lam van Tuy nhidn cdn theo trinh tu sau: Dua dd bai tap lam van Thuc hidn y kidn thii nhdt, van dung Li thuyet hdnh vi chu nghia de tgo cho HS tdm the san sang tham gia giai quydt mpt vdn dd Didu tgo cho HS mgt su nhay ben suy nghT, giup cac em ludn van dgng tri nao de huy dgng vdn hidu bidt, kinh nghidm cua minh lien quan ddn npi dung dd bai vd tim each giai quydt ehiing HS thuc hidn dd bai GV siia va chdm timg bdi Thuc hidn y kidn thii hai, GV lira chgn, dge va ciing HS phan cdc bai vSn hay, cdu vdn hay, tir ngu hay ciia chinh HS ldp dd cdc HS khdc cd thd hpc tir ban Cdc em ciing cd didu kidn de so sdnh va nit kinh nghidm lam vdn cho ehinh minh Ddy cung dugc xem la mot each thirc vdn dung phuang phdp Luy^n tap theo mdu dgy hgc tidng, dii khong phdi la buoc hinh thdnh bai mdi Vi liic nay, HS dang hgc tir mdu va sau dd se vdn dyng didu dugc hgc vdo cac bai T9P chi KHOA HOC DHSP TPHCM lam van khdc Tidn trmh ndy vira ddm bdo tan di^g kinh nghidm ngudi hgc, khoi ggi su tim tdi, sdng tao ciia HS viia ddm bdo moi bai vdn ddu cd sac thai ridng va HS cd ca hgi hgc hdi tir cac bai van khac 2.3.2 Xdy djrmg su hgp tdc cua phu huynh viec giup HS ldm vdn khong theo mdu Nhd su pham cung rdt cdn su giiip dd tir phia phu huynh Vi vay, phu huynh cd the hd trg mgt sd cdng vide nhu sau: Cimg vai quan sat thd giai chung quanh va cuOc sdng: Con dudng ddn trudmg cd nhung gi? Cdc hogt dgng diln thd ndo? Nh6 dl hgc nao nhdt, vi sao? Ciing tre quan sdt cdnh ngudi mua, ngucri ban hai ben dudng, ngudi cdng nhdn quet rde ldm sach dudng Phy huynh trd chuydn vdi vd nhOng hinh anh ciing thdy dugc, cimg chia se vd ndu y tuang nhe nhang dd cdc em ghi nhgn (ddi la nhiing cdm xiic d?p se mang theo sudt cuge ddi ciia cac em) Cd gdng cimg vai nhin cudc sdng mgt cdeh lac quan: Dudng ddn trudng cd thd ddng diic, bui bam, nang ndi, nggp nuoc nhung vdn tim thay dau dd nu cudi, vugt khd khan dd ddn trudng voi tam trang vui va nhu vgy sd hpc tdt Tim hieu vd ton trgng suy nghT, nhgn xdt ciia con: "Con thich ldn ldn se bdn xoi vi bdn xdi se rat giau", mgi ngucri sg cudi d idn nghe, doc dieu Phu Li Nggc Tudng Khanh huynh sS ban khoan, lo ldng minh suy nghT lech lac Tuy nhidn, ndu binh tTnh va hdi "Vi ndi thd?" Biet ddu, tre dd quan sat vd nhdn xet tir mdt tidm bdn xdi tdp nap tren mdt ducmg a Quan (ndi tidng, ddt hdng vd dT nhien, chdc la gidu) Ndu diing thd, phu huynh ndn vui vi minh bidt quan sat vd nhdn xet sy vide tir cudc sdng: Dd la su dgt, bidt ldm vide ciia minh cho tdt nhdt (ndu xdi ngon, nhieu ngudi an, thu nhdp nhieu, gia dinh no am ) Kdt luan "Luyen tap theo mau" la mdt nhung phucmg phdp quan trpng cua vide day ngdn ngu Tuy nhien, ndu bidt van dung diing liic, diing cho thi se dem lgi hidu qua tich cue Cdn ngugc lai, Igm dung dd chep thi hidu qud Id tidu cyc HS mdt di cdm xiic hdn nhidn, chdn that ciing la mdm cho hgt gidng xau sinh nhu sy ddi trd, ddi phd, lay.sy gid tao lam didm sd cho kdt qua hgc Tieng Vi?t vd cdc bdi tap lam vdn De lam dugc didu nay, trudc tidn, ngudi dgy can y thiic qud trinh day hgc ciia minh, ludn y thirc, nhdc nhd chinh bdn than minh va HS rang: bai van mdu la phuong tien cdn thidt nhu ngudi qua sdng can dd Sau do, phai tidp buac bang chinh kha ndng cua minh dd tgo ndn nhiing sdn phdm tdt dep cho mai Nha qudn li giao dye, GV hdy cimg "thdp nggn lua" trai tim, qud trinh dgy vd hgc Tieng Viet mdn ydu Hgc van, hgc day cdm xiic va sdng tao 135 Y kiln trao doi S6 62 ndm 2014 TAI LIEU THAM KHAO Bg Gido due vd Ddo tgo, Dy an Phat trien gido vidn tidu hgc (2006), Phucmg phdp dgy hoc Tieng Viet d tieu hgc, Nxb Gido due, Nxb Dgi hgc Su phgm Hoang Thi Tuydt (2012), Li ludn day hgc Tieng Viet a tieu hgc, Nxb Thdi dgi http://tuoitre.vn/Giao-duc/572034/dao-van-bat-dau-tu-dau.html http://tuoitre.vn/Ban-doc/573239/ta-vay-co-giao-khong-chiu-dau.html http://tuoitre.vn/Giao-duc/572255/ta-doi-anh-huong-den-viec-hoe-van.html http://soha.vn/cu-dan-mang/ep-chep-theo-van-mau-giao-vien-tieu-hoc-day-tre-noidoi-20140329084922807 htm http://infonet.vn/cach-day-van-hien-nay-tao-cho-hoc-sinh-thoi-noi-doipostl28772.info (Ngdy Toa soan nhan 6wac b^i' 22-01-2014; phin bi$n d^nh gi^: 18-3-2014; ngAy chip nh$n dang: 18-9-2014} 136