PHAN TICH H A M VI U^G PHO TRONG DIEU KIEN KHONG CHAC CHAN VE VIEC LAM CUA NHAN VIEN NGAN HANG TAI THANH PHO CAN THO Huynh TriroTig Huy Khoa Kinh ti, Truang Dgi hgc Cdn Tha Email: hthuy@ctu.edu.vn Ho Hoang TVuc Phircmg Ngdn hdng Thuang mgi cophdn xudt nhdp khdu Viet Nam - Chi nhdnh Cdn Tha Ngay nhan: 6/5/2016 Ngay nh$n ban siia: 8/6/2016 Ngay duyet dang' 25/4/2017 Tdm tat: Nghien ciru ndy phdn tich hdnh vi ung phd diiu kien khdng chdc chdn vevi$cldm cua 217 nhdn viin dugc khdo sdt tit 23 chi nhdnh ngdn hdng thucmg mgi tgi thdnh phd Cdn Tha Kit qud phdn tich chi rang nhdn vien nit the hien uu the han so vai ddng nghiep nam ve sd luang nhdn vien ddc diim cdng vi$c, nhung hg lgi it the hien du dinh chuyen ddi viec Idm mdi dieu kien khdng chdc chan ve viec lam Ddng chii y, chi phi ca hdi vd ca hgi phdt trien nhdn luc Id nhimg yiu to tdc ddng den dg dinh chuyin viec hay khdng Ddi vdi nhdm nhdn vien cd du dinh chuyin viec khdi ngdnh ngdn hdng, cdc yeu td nhu dp luc cdng viec, su cam kit vai ngdn hdng vd giai tinh dugc nhdn vien quan tdm nhdt Han nua mdi quan he xa hdi vd kinh nghiem dia bdn cd dong gdp tich cue du dmh chuyin viec Til khod' hanh vi iing phd, dieu kien khdng chac chan ve viec lam, nhdn vien ngdn hang, phd Can Tha Analysis of the employee's response to the work uncertainty at joint-stock commercial banks in Can Tho city Abstract: In this study, we conducted a survey of 217 officers working at 23 commercial banks in Can Tho city to understand their perceptions of work uncertainty and responses to job change The results show that a dominant number of females engages in the industry, but they are less likely to express the intent on job change than their male colleagues Among work uncertainly related factors, the opportunity costs and career development opportunities are ni-o important factors influencing whether the bank officers' intent on job change or not For the surveyed sample of having an intent on moving out of the bank industiy as a response for work uncertainty, it is found that factors like fob-related stress, job commitment, and gender are the most vital issues that employees are most concerned about Furthermore, social capital and work experience have positive effects on the job change behavior Keywords- Response, work uncertaint)': bank officer: Can Tho city Giffi thieu Ifg ciia ^f^g,-, y,g,^ nham dam bao ddi sdng kinh te Hanh vi img phd ciia nhan vien ndi chung ihudng dien tmdc sy thuc thi vc chinh sach nhdn sy ciia td chuc No duac xem nhu la mgt chidn luge sinh Sd 239 thdng 5/2017 (DiFonzo & Bordia, 1998) R5 rang rang, hanh vi img phd cua nhan vien xuat phat tu dieu kien khdng chdc chdn vd \icc lam se tac dgng ddn hieu qua 92 hjlttl ((.J>|)al ||1('n hoan thdnh cdng vi^c (Nguydn Khdc Hoan, 2010; Springer, 2011) Vdi vi tri tmng tam ciia viing, ph6 Cdn Tho hidn cd 25 ngdn hdng thuong mai co phdn vdi han 130 phdng giao djch va chi nhanh dang ho^t dgng Tuong iing vdi he thdng boat ddng ciia cdc ngdn hdng tren, udc tinh cd khoang hon 2.000 nhan vien va qudn ly cdp tnmg dang 1dm viec liiih vyc ngdn hdng Trd lai vdn dd dat d trdn, cd the thdy rdng viec nghien ciiu vd hdnh vi iing phd cua nhdn vien dieu kidn khdng chac chdn ve viec Idm tai cac ngan hang thuang mai cd phdn tai Thdnh phd Can Tho cd y nghia khoa hgc Idn thyc tiln Muc tieu trgng tdm ciia nghien ciiu la: (i) md ta hanh vi ung phd ciia nhdn vien ngan hang dieu kidn khdng chdc chan ve viec lam; (ii) phdn tich cdc nhan td anh hudng ddn hdnh vi iing phd tren; va (iii) chi mdt vdi van de lien quan den hdm y chinh sdeh quan tri nhan sy Nghien ciiu khdng nhiing cung cdp nhung ludn cii khoa hgc vd bdng chiing phan tich cho cac ngdn hdng thuong mai cd phan dd cd cdi nhin sau sac hon ve van de nhan sy vd xay dung chinh sach phat trien nhan sy tdt ban; ma cdn ddng gdp nhiing bang chimg phdn tieh tii dia ban nghien cim vao ly thuyet ve hanh vi chuyen ddi viec 1dm Uong dieu ki?n khdng chac chan Uong ITnh vuc ngdn hang Cff sd ly thuyet va phirffng phap nghien cuu 2.1 Bieu kien khdng chac chdn ve viec Idm vd hdnh vi irng phd Dieu ki?n khdng chac chan la tinh hudng md khdng the xdc dinh dugc sy kien se dien nhu the nao mong lai Ve gdc dg thi tmdng lao ddng, Hesselink & Vuuren (1999) cho rdng dieu kien khdng chac chan ve viec lam dugc md la nhu la mgt bdi canh nhan vien khdng doan chinh xdc ve cdng viec ciia hp cd bj thay ddi hay khdng Neu nhu nhung thay ddi xdy se tac ddng den cdng viec va thu nhdp ciia ho Hdnh vi iing phd dieu kien khdng chac chan ve viec 1dm tir lau da khai thac va md hinh hda vdi nhirng quyet dinh cu the ciia nhan vien mpt sd ITnh vyc Dien hinh nhu, Mobley (1977) chi rang hanh vi ung phd vdi dieu kien khdng chdc chan ve viec lam eua mdt ca nhan ndo se duac the hien nhu mdt qua trinh quyet dinh chuyin ddi viec lam Mdt sd yeu id die hien su khdng chac chan ve viec lam, bao gdm' - Cac ^ '^ii td kinh te vT md: Dilu kien kinh tg anh Sd 139 thdng 5/2017 hudng den vice md rdng hoac thu h?p quy md ciia nganh ciing nhu cdng ty (DiPrete, 1993; DiPrete & Nonnemaker, 1997) Cy thd, mgt cdng ty mdt nen kinh te yeu kem thi nhan vien se cd nhidu khd nang hi sa thdi hoac thay ddi vi tri vide 1dm vd thu nhdp (Inkson, 1995) Khi dd, nhdn vien cd xu hudng chap nhan cdng viec hien t?i (Feldman & Leana, 1994) - Cac yeu td mdi trudng vi md nhu chinh sach nhan su ciia cdng ty: nhimg nhan vien cd tham nien Idm viec vd vi tri qudn ly thudng it chiu tdc ddng tieu cue cdng ty cd chinh sach dieu chinh nhan sy (Soimenfeld & Peiperl, 1988) Ben eanh do, mdi trudng viec lam Id nhan td cd anh hudng den quyet dinh ciia cd nhan tim viec lam, bao gdm cac yeu td nhu uy tin ciia td chiic, chinh sach tuyen dung va phat trien nhdn lye, thu nhdp, vd tdc ddng cua yeu td quan he xa hgi (Tran Thi Nggc Duyen & Cao Hao Thi, 2010); hoac cac yeu td khdc gdm dp lyc cdng vide, nang luc lanh dao, dieu kien lam viec (Phan Thj Minh Ly, 2011; Le Nguyen Doan Khdi & Nguydn Thi Ngpc Phuang, 2013) Mac dii, cimg dac diem cdng viec, nhan vien lam viec tai eac ngan hang tu nhdn the hien sy khdng chac chan ve viec lam cao hon so vdi cdc ddng nghiep khac tai ngan hang nha nude (Shrivastava & Purang, 2009) Hon niia, sy uy tin va thuang hieu cua ngan hdng ed tde dgng den sy hdi Idng cua nhdn vien vd hp it nghT den chuyen ddi viec 1dm (Samuel & cdng sy, 2009) - Ngoai ra, cac yeu td cd nhan nhu gidi tinh, tudi, tinh Uang hdn nhan, sd Uong gia dinh, kinh nghiem lam viec, cd dnh hudng den hdnh vi img phd Uong dieu kien khdng chdc chan ve viec lam Vi du, nhan vien nir thudng chap nhan dieu kien cdng vide hien tai hem la tim kiem mpt cdng vide mdi Ddng thdi, nhan vien tre tudi thich thu thach vdi mdi trudng lam viec mdi Ngugc lai, nhdn vien c6 kmh nghiem va mdi quan he xa hdi thudng cd ca hgi tdt han tim kiem cdng viec mdi (Kan, 2003, Mantler & cdng sy, 2005; Getkate, 2009; Wegener, 1991) 2.2 Phuang phdp nghien cdu 2.2.1 Dir lieu khdo sdt Dua vao sd lieu thdng ke ciia ngan hang nha nude chi iihanli Can Tho (nam 2015), hien cd 25 ehi nhanh ngan hdng thuang mai cd phan tai Can Tha va mdi chi nhdnh ngdn hang cd binh quan 18 nhan vien giao dich va tin dung Day Id nhirng nhan vien cd mirc cao ve su khdng chac chdn so vdi cac vi tri cdng viec khac va cung la ddi tugng IvinliliyiiiiUrien Hinh 1: Md hinh nghidu cuu hanh vl ung phd dieu kifn khdng chac chan v^ vifc Ikm ngdnh ngan hang Bi^u kifn Ididng chdc chda J M3i trudng vimo - Chhih sach tdi cdu titc nganh ngan hdng - Thi tmdng lao dgng Moi tnt&ng vi mo - Su phat triln eiia ngan hang - D|c dilm cdng viec - Sy cam kit vdi ngan hang - Chinh sdeh bao hiem - Thdi h ^ hgp d^ng lao ddng - Chinh sdeh luong, thu nh^ - Co hdi phat trien nghd nghidp - Yeu td cd nhdn - Quan hf xa hdi i Hanh vi iing phd ciia nhdn vien dilu kien khdng eh4c chan C^Myen viec Khdng*chuyen vi$c Ilm kidm vi^c lam mdi ngdnh ngdn hang Tim ki^m vide 1dm mdi ngodi ngdnh ngin hang CSidp nhdn sy s ^ xdp cdng vi?e Nguon: Nhdm nghien cieu de xuat khdo sdt nghien ciin ndy Vi vdy, tdng the dugc xdc dinh tuong ung la 450 (25*18) quan sat Theo dd, cd man dugc xac dinh theo cdng ihiic ciia Solvin (1960)^ tii tdng the la 212 quan sdt myc tidu Can cii vdo sd lugng chi nhdnh ngdn hang (25) vd ed mdu (212), nhdm nghidn eiiu da khdo sdt tii 8-12 nhdn vidn tai chi nhanh, hoac cdc phdng giao dich Tuy nhidn, ehi cd sd 25 ngdn hdng (gdm Qudc td va Bdn Viet) khdng cd dap vien tham gia cugc khdo sat khdng the sap xep dugc thdi gian Do dd, nhdm nghien cuu khdo sat dugc 224 dap vidn; nhung cd 07 dap vien cung cap thdng tm khdng ddy dil, cho nen sd quan sat dugc sii dyng phdn tich Id 217 (chi tilt d Bdng 1) 2.2.2 Phuang phdp phdn tich Trudc het, cac nhdm nhan td thupe mdi trudng vT md vd vi md se dugc cu thd hda vdi nhiing ydu td thudc tinh phdn dnh dac didm ciia tiing nhdn td v l ky thuat phdn tich, edc ylu td thugc tinh se dugc dap vien ddnh gid - till hi?n sy hidn bilt, quan tdm cua hp - tiieo thang didm Likert miic do; dd, 1: thd hien sy ddng f d miic rdt tiiip va thi hi?n sy ddng y d miic rdt cao Budc 2, ky thudt ddnh gia kiem dinh tin cay thang cua cac ylu td thugc tinh dugc thyc hien thdng qua he sd Cronbach Alpha (Santos, 1999) Day la mdt tirong nhiing ky tiiudt phdn tich thilt ydu dd tidn hanh ky tiiudt phan tich nhdn td Cudi ciing, cdc nhdm nhdn td ti-en se dugc xem nhu cac bidn ddc lap giai fliich cho hdnh vi ling phd tiong dieu kien khdng chdc chdn vd viec lam Mdi quan he ndy dugc mmh hga dudi dang md So 239 thdng 5/2017 hinh udc lugng nhu sau: 3'(1,0) = / ( X - F ; ) (1) Trong do, ¥: thd hidn hanh vi iing phd cda nhdn vidn; 1: tim vide mdi; 0: khdng chuyen viec Fj: nhdm nhdn td thii k dugc xac dinh tai Budc va dugc tinh bang gia tri tmng binh ciia cdc yen to thugc tinh Ngodi nhiing nhdm nhan td tren, cac ydu td cd nhdn (X) va mdi quan hd xa hOi (Z.) ky vgng cd dnh hudng den hdnh vi iing phd neu tren Vi vay, md hinh udc lugng (1) dugc phdn tich lgi vdi sy hidn dien cda cdc yeu td ca nhan vd mdi quan he xa hgi Md hinh md rOng duoc minh hoa sau: Ya,0) = f(^F„X,,Z,) (2) Ddi vdi trudng hgp nhiing ddp viSn thd hi^n hanh vi chuyin vide (gia tri d phuong trinh 1): Gid dinh rang ddp vidn cd the tim viec mdi ngodi nganh hoac nganh ngdn hang Hdnh vi tim viec 1dm mdi se dugc phan tich va giai thich dya vao cdc nhdm nhdn td va cdc yeu td cd nhan, mdi quan he xa hgi da dugc gidi thieu d phuang trinh (2) Md hinh udc lugng ddi vdi hanh vi tim viec lam mdi dugc till hidn nhu sau: Y'(.m = f(^F„X„Z,) (3) Trong dd: y- thd hien hdnh vi tim vide lam mdi; 1: tim viec ngodi nganh ngdn hang; 0: tim viec ngdnh ngdn hang KinlttaJ^haltrJeii Bang 1: Mo ta mSu Idtao sdt STT S 10 11 12 Ngan h&ng AChto Tien Phong Bong A DfingNam A An Binh Bac A Hang Hai Viet Nam Ky Thuong Viet Nam Kien Long Quoc Dan Viet Nam Thinh Vu(?ng Phat trien Thanh Ho Chi Minh Quan s jt 11 U 10 11 8 STT 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 Ngan hdng Phuang Dong Quan Dpi D^i chiing SaiGdn Sai G6n-Ha Npi Sai Gon Thuong Tin ViftA Bao Viet Vigt Nam Thuong Tin Xuat Nhap Khau VN Buu Dien Lien Viet Tdng cdng Quan sat 11 10 10 10 11 11 10 10 11 10 217 11 Nguon: Tdng hgp tit kit qud khdo sdt, 2015 M6 ta Au lidu va cac bien phan tich 3.1 Gidithi^u mdu khdo sdt Ket qud phdn tich tii 217 nhan vien ngdn hang cd den hon 60% nhan vidn nii - nhan vien giao dich Ben canh dd, nghiep vu tin dung phan Idn nhan vien nam phu trdch Ve tudi, gan 60% nhan vien tiong tudi tir 22-30 Dang chu y, hdu bet nhdn vien dugc khdo sat dat trinh chuyen mdn tir cao dang, dgi hpc trd len vd cd hon nam kinh nghiem; chi cd 10% da 1dm vi?c tren 10 nam Thu nhap bmh quan tir - trieu VND/thang vd ddy la ngudn thu nhdp chinh (chiem 91% tdng thu nhdp) cua nhdn vien dugc khdo sdt Qua phan tieh, Uong sd 10 dap vien cd ngudi than dang lam viec ngdnh ngdn hang Cu the la, hp cho rang cd den 2-3 ngucri thdn cd the gidi thieu hoac tim vide 1dm mdi neu nhu hp cd nhu cdu chuyen ddi viec lam Trong dd, mdi quan he giira nhan vien va ngudi qudn ly the hien d mirc binh thudng (chiem 92%j), miic dp thdn thiet (chi chiem 8%) 3.2 Kiim djnh dg tin cdy thang vd phdn tich nhdn td cdy cua thang ddi vdi cac bien quan sat Kdt qud la, cd 12 44 bien quan sdt bi loai khdi md hinh phdn tich nhan td Vdi 32 bien quan sat dugc lya chgn d budc kiem dinh tin cay cua 09 nhdm nhan td the hien sy khdng chdc chan ve viec lam ciia nhan vidn duge dua vdo phdn tich nhdn td khdm phd, sau phan tich bdng phuang phap xoay nhan td tir thdnh phan nguyen gdc hinh nhan td mdi vdi 30 bien quan sat tir 32 quan sat dugc chpn phdn tich Cac he sd tai nhdn td (trpng sd nhdn td) deu Idn han > 0,55 vd dat yeu cau tai he sd Eigenvalue = 1,019 Phuong sai trich bdng 75,287% (> 50%) cho thdy 75,3% su bien thien ciia dii lieu dugc gidi thich bdi nhdn td Uong md hinh Han niia, muc y nghia ciia kiem dinh Bartlett = 0,000 (< 0,05) va he sd KMO = 0,742 (0,5 < KMO < 1), cho nen cd du co sd de ket ludn rang phdn tich nhan td la phii hgp va cac bien quan sat rut la chap nhan dugc Cu the la, 09 nhom nhan td the hien cac dac diem nhu sau: - Nhan td tdi cdu true ngdnh ngdn hdng (FI), gdm bien - Nhdn Id ca hgi viec lam (F2), gdm bien Theo md hinh nghien cim d Hinh 1, dieu kien - Nhan td chi phi lim viec Idm mdi (F3} gdm khdng chac chan ve viec lam ddi vdi nhan vien ngan hang dugc the hien vd ludng thdng qua bien nhdm nhdn td bao hdm 44 yeu td thudc tinh (bien - Nhdn td su phdt triin cua ngdn hdng (F4), gdm quan sat) Thdng thudng, nhiing bien quan sat cd bien, he sd tuang quan bien tdng nhd hem 0,3 vd he sd - Nhdn td ddc diem cdng viec (F5), gdm bidn Cronbach's Alpha nhd han 0,5 se bi loai bd md - Nhan td cam kit vai ngdn hdng (F6), gdm bien, hinh phan tieh nhan td Chinh vi the, ca sd de xera - Nhan td chinh sach bdo hiim (F7), gdm bidn xet loai bd cac bien quan sat md hinh la he sd lirong quan bien tdng vdi mirc 0.35 va he so - Nhan td thuc hien hap dong lao ddng (F8), gdm Cronb.i-: i "s Alpha tir 0.5 trd len nhSm dap img dd tin bien 5, i