^^^3^''''^3 j \ Thir vien luu dong Mot mo hinh chu dong va hieu qua trong cong tac truyen ba tri thuc den vung sau vung xa cac tinh tmng du va mien nui phia Bac TS Do Hull Phu Nguyen Cong Hau Tom tat Nha[.]
^^^3^'^3 j.\ Thir vien luu dong - Mot mo hinh chu dong va hieu qua cong tac truyen ba tri thuc den vung sau vung xa cac tinh tmng du va mien nui phia Bac TS Do Hull Phu Nguyen Cong Hau Tom tat N h a m tang ciiofng khai thac nguon vat li^u tai che phuc vu m u c tieu nang cao nang liic cong tac thi( vien diia va luan chuyen sach den vdi ngifori dan cac vung sau vung xa thuoc cac tinh trung du va mien niii phia Bac, n h o m tac gia de xuat y titdng tai sv( dung va che tao cac phifcfng tien van tai cii cac "thii vien liiu dong" vori sii t h a m gia cua cong dong, gop phan cong viec truyen ba tri thtifc, t h a m gia xoa doi, giam ngheo, phat trien kinh te - xa hoi, dap iJ(ng va nang cao chat liJcfng ddi song van hoa b cor sor, dap v(ng n h u c^u hoc tap, nghien cu(u cua ngifdi dan, gop p h a n vao viec nang cao dan tri, dao tao n h a n lilc, thiic hien tot muc tieu ccf ban cua he thong thii vien cor sd cap tinh, huyen, xa thuoc cac t i n h t r u n g du va mien niii phia Bac giai doan hien Abstract In order to enhance exploiting recycled material souce for impoving the ability of transfering books to remote areas of Northern midland and mountainous provinces, we authors propose the idea of reuse and manufacture old transport means into "mobile library" with the paticipation of the community, contributing to the work of spreading knowledge, poverty alleviating, socio-economic developing, responsing and improving the quality of cultural life, responsing the educatioanal and researching needs of people, contributing to the increase of knowledge, personnel training, implementing the basic objectives of the local base library system in the Northern midland and mountainous province in the current period TS.KTS DSHUU Phu Bo mon Co sa Kiin true - Khoa Kien true DT: 0904 307 465 Nguyin Cdng Hau Sinh vien Khoa Kiin true Dat van de Vung trung du miln nui phia bac, la khu vyc san dja va ban san dja a miln Bic Viet Nam Xet v l mat hanh chinh, vung bao gIm 15 tinh Ha Giang, Cao Bang, Lao Cai, Bac Can, Lang San, Tuyen Quang, Yen Bai, Thai Nguyen, Phu Thp, Bac Giang, Quang Ninh, Lai Chau, Dien Bien, San La, Hoa Binh Trung tam vijng la phi Thai Nguyen Day la vung lanh tho co dien tich Ian nhat nuac ta (tren 101 nghin km2), s i dan ban 12 trieu nguai (nam 2006) chilm khoang 30,5% dien tich va 14,2% s i dan ca nuac, mat dp dat 119 nguai/km^, a nhung vung cao mat dp chi dat khoang - 0 nguai/ km^ Trong nhOng nam qua Dang va Nha nuac ta da co nhilu chu tru'ang, chinh sach d l phat triln kinh t l xa hoi, van hoa - giao due toan dien ca nuac, dac biet a cac vung sau vung xa, cac vung c6 dilu kien kinh t l xa hoi kho khan va cac vung co dilu kien kinh t l - xa hoi dac biet kho khan, tCpng buac nang cao dai sing vat chit tinh thin, mang lai Im no hanh phuc va van minh den vai nhung nguai dan nai day Mac du da dat dugc nhOng tiln bp quan trpng, nhung din cac tinh trung du va miln nui phia Bic nuac ta vin la khu vyc kinh t l lac hau, Cham phat triln so vai ca nuac, khoang each chenh lech giau ngheo giua mien nui va miln xuoi co xu huang cang tang: v l kinh t l : sinh k l cua nguai dan chu ylu dya vao nong nghiep ty d p ty tuc, tinh trang lac hau, nan du canh du cu, vIn a mot s i toe nguai, lye lyp'ng san xult thap kem, cong cu tho sa, trinh dp t l chCpc va quan ly a mCpc dp thip Dai sing cua ding bao miln nui, nhat la ding bao a vung cao, vung sau, vung xa dang phai dli mat vai nhilu kho khan, thach thtpc, tryac hit la doi ngheo, lac hau S l hp ngheo cua khu vyc trung du va miln nui phia Bac giai doan tCp 2004-2010 luon a mipc cao nhIt ca nuac: tCp 23,4% din 29,5% [1] v l xa hoi: Cac tinh miln nui phia Bac tap trung khoang 30 dan toe thieu s l , chilm tren 50% s l dan vung, vai nhom ngon ngu chinh Da phIn trinh dp dan tri thap, rnpt s l it lac hau, me tin va bao thu gay tra ngai tilp nhan nhyng kiln thCpc mai Mat khac, sy bat ding ngon ngu din din nhilu thiet thoi cho cac ding bao dan tpc nhu giao due, nang cao trinh dp dan tri, kha nang tham gia vao cac hoat dong kinh t l , xa hoi khac [5] v l van h6a: Day la dja ban sinh sing lau dai cua cpng dong cac dan tpc thilu s l vai nhilu net van hoa phong phu, tap quan khac da dang mang ban sac rieng cua tOng dan tpc Cl day, co nhilu loai hinh van hoa SO 15 2014 13 KHOA HOC & CONG NGHE Hinh Tinh trang ket hon mdi 15-16 tuoi d Lai Chau Hinh Dfeu kien hoc tap kho khan cua hoc sinh xa Hua La, Sdn La Hinh Tuc de ngu'di chet lau nha d Ha Giang Hinh Ndi an d va hoc tap cua hoc sinh tru'dng tieu hoc Na Khoa, huyen Mu'dng Nhe, tinh Dien Bien CO gia trj va phong tuc tap quan t i t dep c i n duac bao t i n , phat huy nhu: kiln true co truyin, van hoa dan gian, dan ca, dan vu, l l hoi truyin thing, tro chai dan gian Tuy nhien, v i n t i n tai nhilu hCi tuc lac hau gay anh huang d i n dai sing cua ding bao nhu:tuc de nguai chit lau ngay, gilt m l qua nhilu bo, Ign, to chCpc an uing dai a Ha Giang hoac tai Lai Chau v i n d i l n biln tinh trang tao hon, khong dang ky k i t hon, hon nhan can huylt, thach cuai [Hinh 1,2] Hinh Dieu kien hpc hanh thieu thi va tam bd ciia hoc sinh tai huyen MUdng Nhe, Dien Bien Hinh Ndi tro va hoc cua gan 40 hoc sinh tru'dng PTCS Nam Ban, huyen Sin Ho, tinh Lai Chau em, Lai Chau g i n 8.000 em, Tuyen Quang han 4.600 em va it nhat la Bac Can vai han 700 em Thyc trang cong tac to chu'c thyc hi§n Thu" vien: Mot nhu'ng nguyen nhan chinh kim ham sy phat triln v l kinh t l - xa hoi, van hoa - giao due cua cac vung sau vung xa thupc cac tinh trung du va miln nui phia Bac la da p h i n trinh dp dan tri t h i p , phuang thuc va trinii dp san x u i t lac hau chya dugc tilp can, nhSn v l giao due: Mac dij da co nhung chuyin biln ro thipc va ap dung dugc nhOng t i l n bp khoa hpc - ky thu?t ret ca v l chit lugng dai tra va mui nhpn, nhien so tien t i l n Bai vay, viec "Dua thong tin, tri thCpc y§ ca sff" vai ca nuac thi day v i n la vung trung v l giao due - dao tham gia xoa doi, giam ngheo, phat triln kinh t l - xa hoi, tao Trong "Danh sach 14 tinh c6 d i l u kien kinh t l xa dap tpng va nang cao c h i t lugng dai sing van hia a ca hoi kho khan va co ty le nguai mij chu cao" thi co d i n sa, dap LPng nhu c i u hpc tap, nghien CLPU cua nguai ci§n, tinh khu vyc la: B i c Can, Cao Bang, Dien Bien, Ha gop pinin vao viec nang cao dan tri, dao tao nhan IIPC la Giang, Lai Chau, Lao Cai, San La, Yen Bai; tinh muc tieu ca ban cua he t h i n g thu vien ca sa cap tinh, CO ty le bilt dpc, bilt vilt thip nhit la Lao Cai (77,5%), huyen, xa thupc cac tinh trung du va mien nui phia Bac San La (75,2%), Dien Bien (67,6%), Ha Giang (65,5%) giai doan hien va Lai Chau (57,4%) [4] V l ca sa vat chit r i t kho Ngay 18.12.2008 "Xe thu vien luu dong" dugc khai khan, thilu thin: nhilu lap hpc, nhilu khu a ban tru, noi truang tai Thu vien tinh Yen Bai va chinh thuPC di vao tru a tinh trang tam bg, c6 nhung ngoi nha da xuIng hoat dong Dy an "Xe thu vien luu ding" dugc thyc hien c i p nghiem trpng khong dam bao an toan [Hinh 3,4,5,6] vai t i n g s l v i n d i u t u la 94.292 Euro, tuang duang Thing ke cho thiy, cac tinh vung d I u xay hien 2.198.790.732 VND Trong kinh phi hoi dong tlnli tugng hpc sinh bo hpc, vai ting s l khoang 37.500 em Vai De Marne tai trg la 1.753.114.732 VND, kinh phi (Tilu hpc: 10.400 em, THCS: gan 13.000 em, THPT: han tinh Yen Bai d l i Cpng la 445.676.000 VND Xe thu vi^n 14.000 em); do, Ha Giang d i n d i u vai han 8.200 lyu dong dugc trang bj tren 3.000 ban sach, g I m du c^c 14 TAP CHi KHOA HOC K I E N T R U C - X A Y D U T i G -^ Hinh Mo hinh "Thu^ vien lu'u dong-Banh xe tri thuTc" cua Quy quoc te Singapore Hinh Xe thu' vien lu'u dong cua Thu* vien Khoa hoc Tong hdp TP HCM mon loai tri thtpc, du'gc sap x l p theo cac chu d l chinh la: Chinh trj; xa hoi, phap luat; khoa hpc - ky thuat; nong nghiep; y hpc; van hpc; thilu nhi; tai lieu dien tCp; tai lieu thu muc r i t thuan tien cho viec chpn lya tai lieu cua ban dpc Tren xe thu' vien luu dong dugc trang bj 05 may tinh (trong co mot may tinh sach tay) cung cac thilt bj n l i mang va mot bp den chilu Hang nam, xe thu vien luu dong cua Thu' vien tinh Yen Bai da phuc vu tren 200 lu'gt xe d i n , 50.000 lu'gt ban dpc, tren 100.000 lupl sach, bao luan chuyin, 1.800 lu'gt ban dpc truy cap Internet va vao cac ca sa dCp lieu cua Thu vien tinh Chilu phim tai lieu, phim tuyen truyin, phim thilu nhi phuc vu g i n 10.000 lu'gt ngu'ai xem Chuang trinh Thu' vien dien tup cua Thu vien tinh da phuc vu g i n 6.000 lu'gt ngyai SLP dung Triln lam tranh, anh v l van hoa giua hai tinh Yen Bai va tinh Vai de marne da don tren 9.000 lupl nguai xem, k i t hgp luan chuyen tren 2.000 ban sach xuIng phuc vu tai cac huyen, thj xa, p h i tinh Trong hai 26 va 27.11.2013, Thu vien tinh Lang San da t i l n hanh ban giao sach va thilt bj cho Thu vien cac xa d i l m xay dyng nong thon mai cCia tinh: thu vien xa Hoang Van Thu huyen Van Lang, xa Chi Lang - huyen Trang Djnh, xa To Hieu - huyen Binh Gia, xa Mai Pha - TP Lang San, xa Chi Lang huyen Chi Lang da dLpgc tilp nhan 4730 ban sach va 05 gia 6e sach Vai s l d i u sach va thilt bj Thu" vien tinh ban giao dgt da trang bj clio Thy vien cac xa du d i l u kien d l lap Thu vien c i p xa, qua gop p h i n nang cao dan tri va phat triln van hoa dpc tai dja phLPang Ngay 29.5.2014, tai Thai Nguyen, Lien hiep Thu vien cac tinh m i l n nui phia bac to chCpc Hoi thao "Thu vien cong cpng cac tinh m i l n nui phia bac chung tay xay dyng nong thon mai" Tham dy hoi thao c6 dai dien lanh 6fo thLP vien quIc gia ca nLPac, thLP vien cac tinh miln nui phia bac va mot s l Nha Xuat ban ca nuac Hoi thao CO 20 tham luan cua cac dgi bilu da tap trung vao mot s l v i n d l : xay dyng he thing thu vien ca sa (xa, phLPang) gop p h i n xay dyng nong thon mai; d i y manh xay dyng cac tu sach ban, lang, khu p h i , nang cao chit lu'gng boat dong cua he t h i n g thy vien, tu sach tuyIn xa; bo sung sach, luan chuyin sach d i n vai nhan dan vung nong thon Theo bao cao Chinh phu xin trinh QuIc hoi v l Dy an Luat thy vien: D i n nay, ca nyac da hinh mang jyai thy vien g I m : Thu" vien QuIc gia Viet Nam, thLP vien Hinh Xe thu* vien lu'u dong cua Thu' vien tinh Lao Cai Uy ban nhan dan cac c i p lap (bao g I m 63 thu vien tinh/thanh, 626 thu vien c i p huyen va g i n 4.000 thu vien c i p xa va hang nghin phong sach c i p xa va ca sa); thu vien tryc thupc cac truang dai hpc hoac tuang duang (gin 400 thu vien); Vrwj vien truang p h i thong cac c i p (khoang 26.000 thu vien); thu vien tryc thupc cac ca quan nha nuac, cac vien nghien cuu (tren 100 thu vien); thu vien tu nhan co phuc vu cpng d i n g (gin 50 thu vien) Tong s l sach co cac thu vien cong cpng la 27.404.060 ban (binh quan 180.000 ban sach/thu vien c i p tinh, 8.000 ban sach/thu vien c i p huyen); s l lugt sach luan chuyin hang nam cac thu vien cong cpng uac tinh g i n 50 trieu lugt/nam Trong 10 nam g i n day, cac thu vien da tCpng buac hien dai hoa, d i y manh ung dung cong nghe thong tin boat dong, tCpng buac xay dyng thu vien dien tCp nhim cung c i p thong tin cho nguai SLP dung dugc d l dang He thing thu vien da gop phin quan trpng viec nang cao nhan thuc, tri thCpc cua cac t i n g lap nhan dan, gop phin tri truyin thing dao dCpc, thuin phong my tuc cua dan tpc, gop phin I n dinh va phat triln kinh t l - xa hoi thai ky cong nghiep hoa, hien dai hoa d i t nLPac Mac du CO sy phat triln, tang cuang v l s l lugng, cai thien v l c h i t iLpgng nhung hoat dong thu vien a Viet Nam v i n nhilu ban c h i va chua thoa man dugc nhu c i u dpc, SLP dung thong tin va khai thac tri thCpc cua mpi t i n g lap nhan dan Trong he thing thu vien hien tai va tuang lai, cac thu vien chu y l u v i n ca quan nha nLPac lap va boat dong bang ngan sach nha nuac Khi nuac ta chuyin sang n I n kinh t l thj truang, thu vien it dugc quan tam ban so vai cac boat dong san xuit, kinh doanh Ngan sach c i p cho thu vien d l bo sung v i n tai lieu r i t it, r i t ban hep Hoat dong x u i t ban v i n phat triln, lugng sach x u i t ban va nhap khiu hang nam v i n tang nhLpng s l iLpgng sach du'gc mua bo sung cho thu vien khong tuang xung vai sach dugc x u i t ban hoac nhap k h i u Vi vay thy vien khong co nguIn lye d l dap Cpng nhu c i u tim hilu, hpc tap, nghien CLPU cua s l dong nhu'ng ngu'ai c i n nang cao kiln thCpc, nhan thCpc qua nguon sach cua thu vien Cac thu vien a Viet Nam luon phai doi mat vai nguy ca tut hau ngan sach d i u t u cho thu vien han c h i LTnh vyc thy vien phat triln cang cham ban so vai cac ITnh vyc van hoa khac Thu vien a vung kinh t l kho khan, vung sau, vung xa khong co du d i l u kien d l phuc vu nhu c i u cua ngyai SLP dung lam cho trinh dp nhan thCpc SO 15-2014 15 KHOA HOC & CONG NGHE KHU VI.K; 06 TRANG-mieT Bl PHyCVUTHUVIfN Thong so ky thuat xe Zii 131 Dai 7,040 mm Rpng 2,490 mm Cao 2,970 mm Xe ZIL-131 nguyen ban la mot chiec xe tai chd hang v6i trpng tai 3,5 tain tren du'dng dja hinh va tan tren du'dng nhi/a Xe s(i dung dong cd V8 chay xang, cong suait 150 ma lUc di kem vdi hop so san cap Hinh 10 Xe van tai Zil 131 Hinh 11 Mat bang thCing xe sau gia cong de chd sach |-(3) -£ IO1UWCE)£O0 # mucvyCHOTHOTMy ^^ ^-^::t-i =^^ !S00 = iTI I f if"! 1 M -N [ "\ i: ; \ HI 24« T am Ki) KD Hinh 13 Mat cat ngang thung xe "Thu'vien lu'u dong" tai su' dung xe Zil 131 01 chile xe ban tai 1,4 t i n dugc thilt k l xe chuyen dung gIm khu vyc: ke de sach (vai khoang 1500 d§u sach, truyen tilng Viet va tilng Anh), ban de may tinh c6 kit nli Internet (6 laptop) va tivi xem phim Khi thu vi§n din truang hoac nha van hoa, cac em hpc sinh se duac lam quen vai mang Internet, SLP dung cac thu vien eBook va ca sach dpc tai chi, cac gia sach s§ dygc dua xuong to d l hpc sinh d l dang tim dpc Trong dgt diu cua chuang Kinh nghiem to chu'c thyc hien trinh "Banh xe tri thCpc", cac tinh nguyen vien Singapore Quy quIc t l Singapore (SIF) vCra thyc hien dy an "Thy sang din gin 20 ban d l h i trg phia Viet Nam Va xuy§n vipn luu dong - Banh xe tri thCpc" [Hinh 7] triln khai suet ca dy an dy kiln se co 300 lygt tinh nguy?n vien den vong nam tai 10 xa ngoai Ha Noi gom cac xa tCr Singapore tham gia hyang din cac em hpc sinh trau ngheo each trung tam Ha Noi 25-80km: Phu NghTa, Bach dli ky nang giac tilp tilng Anh, cac cong cu cong nc|h$ Thach, Noi, Thing Tri, Luang Chau, Chu San, Hoang Xa, thong tin d l khai thac cac tby vien eBook, cac nguon gi^o Dai Ding, Phu Lyu T l , Nam Hong va tai truang tilu trinh, tai lieu hpc tap, to cbipc cac san chai theo sach, giai hpc, trung hpc ca sa va trung tam van hoa tai huyen cau do, chu', ve tranh, to tygng de thu hut cac em Binh Chanh, TP.HCM: Thu vien lu'u dong SLP dutig D i u dan moi tuan mot lin, chuyen xe thu vien luu dong giu'a cac vung cang chenh lech nhilu ban Kho khan Ian nhit hien cua cac thu vien la nguIn lye d l phat triln theo hu'ang chuan hoa, hien dai hoa; tang nang lye hoi nhap quIc t l ITnh vyc trao dli thong tin, tri thCrc; cai thien dai sing cua dpi ngu nhan lye lam cong tac thu vien; SCPC hut cua thu vien dli vai nguai dpc dang la nhCpng vin d l vCpa cip bach, vCpa lau dai 16 TAP CHi KHOA HOC KIEN TRUC - XAY DUTIG se din vai cac em, ma mot chan trai mai d l tilp can tri thCpc toan ciu Dy an da tao dLPgc nhu'ng cong ban diu rit i n tLpgng, nhien dy an co quy mo nho s l lugng diu sach khong Ian, pham vj boat dong hep chi phuc vu dugc a vung ding bang, cac khu vyc c6 phu song Internet, khong tilp can dLpgc cac vung sau vung xa CO dja hinh phCpc tap Xe thu vien ILPU dong cua Thu vien Khoa hpc Tong hgp TP HCM [Hinh 8] Dy an co vin diu tu tren 84.500 USD Thu vien Khoa hpc tong hgp TPHCM phli hgp cung Tap doan dien tCp LG va Amciiam-United Way Viet Nam thyc hien tCp diu nam 2007 d l phuc vu dpc gia a vung sau vung xa, cac trung tam cai nghien, cac truang khilm thj tren dja ban TP.HCM Thu' vien Internet luu dong gIm he thong mang dugc trang bj diy du cac thilt bj dien tCp va phuang tien nghe nhin hien dai cung khoang 15.000 diu sach bao va cac tai lieu dang dien tCp Theo dy kiln, Thu vien Internet luu dong se luan phien "cam" a cac vung sau vung xa va phuc vu moi tuin hoan toan miln phi Bai miy nam Thu vien Khoa hpc tong hgp mai co mot chile xe lam thu vien luu dong, moi nam thyc hien 30 chuyin di phuc vu cac xa ngoai Vai mot chile xe, chi phuc vu mli dilm lin/nam Nhilu dja phLPang d l ngbj thu vien phuc vu mli nam hai lin nhung khong t h i dugc Mo hinh thu vien luu dong cua Thu vien Khoa hpc Tong hgp TP H i Chi Minh la mo hinh xe hien dai dugc trang bj cac thilt bj dien tCp va phuang tien nghe nhin, mCpc vin diu tLP cao, chi phuc vu dugc a vung ding bing, cac khu vyc co phu song Internet, khong tilp can dLpgc khu vyc co dja hinh phCpc tap, kho co thi nhan rpng mo hinh thai gian ngan Xay dyng mo hinh "Thu* vien lu'u dong" vo-i sy tham gia cua cong dong Vai nhu'ng dac dilm dja hinh, phong tuc tap quan, lli sing, trinh dp dan tri thip cua cac dan tpc thilu s l cua vung trung du miln nui phia Bac, mo hinh "Thu vien ILPU dong" se la giai phap chu dong va hieu qua nhit truyin ba tri thCpc, giup nguai dan tilp can thong tin, hpc tap nang cao hilu bilt va nhan thCpc d l co thi vuan len pha va vong ngheo doi va h i trg tich eye d l phat triln xa hoi bin vOng, nai mpi nguai dan co thi truy cap thong tin d l cai thien giao due, nang cao dan tri, phat trien ky nang mai, tim kilm viec lam, xay dyng doanh nghiep, cac quylt dinh v l nong nghiep va y t l , hoac co dugc hilu bilt cin thilt v l cac vin d l moi truang, van hoa, lli sing van minh, SCPC khoe va hanh phuc gia dinh, xay dyng cpng ding Day la giai phap phu hgp nhit, d l mang sach din vai nguai dan mot each tryc tilp, thuang xuyen vai quy mo xay dyng va chi phi diu tu khong qua Ian vi co thi tai SLP dung cac phuang tien van tai cu, co thi ap dung linh boat cho tCpng khu vyc, dap Cpng tli da nhu ciu cua mpi dli tugng nguai dan, mang lai hieu qua truyin tai thong tin tit nhit a Giai piiap to cliCec mo tiinli " Tfiw vien Iwu dong" cho cac tinh mien nui Cac dli tugng dja ban vung sau, vung xa, vung cao cua cac tinh: Ha Giang, Cao Bing, Lao Cai, Bac Kan, Lang San, Tuyen Quang, Yen Bai, Thai Nguyen, Phu Thp, Bac Giang, Quang Ninh, Lai Chau, Dien Bien, San La, Hoa Binh vai dja hinh dli nui phCpc tap, dan cu thua that, he thing giao thong chua phat triln Do do, cin chpn TLP nam 2013, Lao Cai co them mot loai hinh thu vien phuang tien van chuyin khoe, co SLPC vugt nui nen tai SLP mai la Thu vien luu dong [Hinh 9].: Dugc thilt k l tren mot dung phuang tien xe Zil 131 d l gia cong chi tao mo hinh xe tai chuyen dung, nha co the di vao nhCpng nai chat "Thu vien luu dong" [Hinh 10]: Phin thung xe dugc thao bo hoan toan, thay vao hep, vung xa xoi heo lanh ma ngu'ai dan it co dilu kien tilp can diy du cac loai hinh sach bao Ben thu vien luu la mot thung de sach dugc thilt k l co vai cong nang cua dong CO tCp 300 din 500 diu sach bao/lin, xlp theo chu mot thu vien, phu hgp vai kich thuac cua xe, bao gIm he d l : van hpc, nghe thuat, thilu nhi, Ijch su', danh nhan, nong thing gia sach, ray va cCpa xlp Phin diu may dugc giu' nghiep, truyen tranh, bao Myc Tim-Hoa hpc tro-Nhi ding nguyen, chi thay dli v l hinh thCpc kiln true va mau sac Tir diu nam 2013 din nay, thu vien tinh Lao Cai da t l chCpc cho phu hgp vai tinh nang du'gc 10 chuyin di tai cac xa vung sau, vung xay dyng Giai phap gia cong to chCpc lai mat bang xe Zil cu nong thon mai cua phi Lao Cai va mot s l truang phuc vu chCpc nang mai la thu vien luu dong gIm [Hinh tilu hpc trung tam phi, phuc vu binh quan 250-300 11,12,13,14,15]: lu'gt hpc sinh/buli Ngoai viec dpc sach cac em dugc Thao da toan bp thung xe cu, giCi' lai diu may va tham gia cac boat dong bo trg khac nhy giao luu vai cac khung san xe diln gia cac buoi noi chuyen chuyen d l , huang din Dong thung xe mai co kich thuac: dai 5m x rpng dpc sach theo chuyen d l va ICpa tuoi, k l chuyen, hu'ang X cao 2,8m 2,5m din ve tranh, tham gia cac tro chai giao due Qua do, dpc Gia cong he thing gia sach, ray va cCra xlp tren gia nhi co dygc nhu'ng gia phut thu gian that thoai mai sau nhu'ng gia hpc tap tren lap, co ca hoi dygc kham pha, tim thung xe mai: He thing hai duang ray dygc b l tri song hieu v l thi gigi tri thCpc rpng Ian, dyg9 trai nghiem nhCrng song d l gia sach co thi di chuyin theo pfiuang ngang hoat dong vui chai, ly thu va bo ich Din nay, mo hinh Hai duang ray dugc lien kit vai mat san cua xe Zil da dem lai ca hoi kham pha tri tbCpc cho ban 3.000 hpc bing lien kit bu long Cac gia sach dugc thilt k l di dcng sinh cac cip Theo danh gia cua nhilu giao vien, mo hinh tren cac ray bai cac banh xe Phia tren cua gia sach la he da byac diu xay dyng van hoa dpc sach cho hpc sinh va thong ray djnh huang giup gia sach khong bj lech sang giup cac em hinh phyang phap tim kilm thong tin, hai, he thing ray djnh huang cung dygc lien kit c l djnh tra CLPU tai lieu phuc vu hpc tap K l tir triln khai thi dilm vai trin xe zil bing lien kit bu long mo binh Thy vien lu'u dong, iygng dpc gia thilu nien Gia cong bo sung thung tren noc diu xe d l chCpa den lam the tai thy vien tmng tam da tang ban 40%, s l dung cu d l dac cho lai xe kiem thu thy lygng sach luan chuyin tang gip doi Day la cong - Quy mo diu sach cua "thu vien": ngoai SCPC tyang tygng cua dpi ngu nhu'ng ngyai lam cong Vai cac giai phap gia cong chi tao lai nhu tren, cong tac thy vien t!nb Lao Cai suit phuc vu cua moi mot xe Zil phuc vu chCpc nang thu SO 15 2014 17 i ^ KHOA HOC & CONG NGHE Hinh 14 Mat ben "Thu' vien lu'u dong" sau gia cong Thong so ky thuat Container 40' cao Dai 12,190 mm Rpng 2,440 mm Cao 2,895 mm Container 40' cao phu hdp cho van chuyen cac loai hang hoa dong kien, thung giay, bom, hang rdi, dac, Hinh 16 Container loai ' cao Hinh 15 Hoat dong cua "Thu' vien lu'u dong' tai dia phu'dng vien luu dong dugc tinh toan cu t h i nhu sau: thu la ngu'ai quan ly va tri boat dong cho "Thu vien": SLP dung gia sach compact vai chilu rpng m l i gia sach la 500mm Chilu dai SLP dung san xe t l i da la 5m, ta CO t h i x l p dugc t l i da gia sach/day M l i gia sach chCpa dugc 1440 quyIn sach, vay t i n g s l sach xe c6 t h i chuyen cha phuc vu dugc la 1440 x = 10.080 c u i n Quan ly va hLPang d i n ngu'ai dan each thCpc va thai gian mugn, tra sach Yeu c i u sy giup da v l khong gian boat dong cho "Thif vien" (san truang, san dinh, nha van boa ) tip chinii quyIn dja phuang Do ban c h i ve kich thuac nen thilt k l thung xe dan gian de chCpa sach, vai he thing ray va gia sach c6 c i u tao nhu a mo hinh "Thu vien luu dong" tren xe container Tuy nhien, s l lugng gia sach nho ban (7 gia sach) nhung v i n du s l lugng sach d l phuc vu cho cac d l i tugng khu vyc ma xe boat dong (trung binh 10 080 cuIn sach) Keu gpi sy giup da cua ngu'ai dan cac cong viec lap ghep va thu dpn phong dpc ngoai trai - Quy trinh van hanh quan ly va khai thac SLP dung mo hinh "Thu vien luu dong": Thung xe cbi dugc thilt k l d l dyng sach, vi vay viec an a, ngu nghi cua lai xe dja phuang b l tri + Thai gian boat dong: Vai cy ly phuc vu rpng mo hinh "Thu vien luu dong" tren xe Zil 131 co thai gian luu tru boat dong tai m l i dja phuang la Thu vien se ma CLPa hoat dong ngay, thCp nhit va culi cung la thai gian d l chuin bj cong tac lap ghep va thu dpn cac he thing phong dpc ngoai trai, ban g h l va thai gian di chuyin d i n khu vyc phuc vu khac Vao nhu'ng thai tilt khong thuan Igi (mua, bao ) thu vien se ngCpng boat dong Sau "Thu vien" se di chuyin sang dja phuang khac Day la mo hinh "Thu' vien luu dong" linh boat, vai ifu d i l m la SCPC van tai Ian, c6 t h i vu'gt dja hinh, tiep c§n dugc nhilu khu vyc Do dien tich c6 ban nen can phai tao nai sinh boat cho thu tbLP (lai xe) tCp dja phuang, s l lugng sach kha nhieu, t l i da dat 10.080 cuIn - Ian ban lugng sach cua mot huyen trung binh (8.000 cuIn/ thu vien) + Chu ky hoat dong: Do dja ban phuc vu kha rpng (cac lang xa kho khan, it hoac khong co dieu kien tilp xCic vai sach va thupc cac tinh d l i nui vung sau, vung xa phia Bic) nen chu ky hoat dong cua mo hinh "Thu vien luu dong" la quy/lin + Phuang thCpc van hanh va quan ly: Lai xe kiem thu 18 TAP CHi KHOA HOC K I E N T R U C Quang cao thong tin v l cac boat dong cua "Thu vien" Co thai dp phuc vu Nch sy, nhiet tinh, chu dao, co van boa b Giai phap to chCrc mo hinh " Thw vien cho cac tinh vung trung du ILPU dong" Cac doi tygng dja ban vung trung du cua cac tinh: Ha Giang, Cao Bang, Lao Cai, Bac Kan, Lang San, TuySn Quang, Yen Bai, Thai Nguyen, Phu Thp, B i c Giang, Quang Ninh, Lai Chau, Dien Bien, San La, Hoa Binh vo^i dja hinh d l i nui d i e thoai, dan cu kha dong due, he thong giao thong tuang d l i phat triln Do do, c i n chpn phuang tien van chuyin khoe, co cong suit chuyen cha nen tai SLP dung phuang tien xe container cu d l gia cing che tao X A Y DUTIG Hinh 17 Mat bang bo tri he thong ray va he thong ciia tru'dt at* H^ "^IH ff^ • '- n ^ Hinh 18 Mat bing thung xe bd tri cac gia sach compact mo hinh "Thu vien lyu dong" [Hinh 16] Giai phap gia cong t l cbCpc lai mat bing xe container cu phuc vu chCpc nang mai la thu vien ILPU dong gIm [Hinh 17,18,19,20,21]: - Giai phong mot mat ben container da co, thay vao la he thing cCpa tru'gt - Gia cong, lap dat he thing ray tren mat bing B l tri he thing cac gia sach tren mat bing va nai sinh boat cho thu thu Gia cong lai gim xe d l cbCra cac dung cu, thilt bj: khung llu bat, ban g b l gip - Gia cong lap dat he thing bac len khu vyc d l sach - Bien phap gia cong chi tao: + Gia cong, lap dat he thing ray: Hai ray dat song song du'gc lien kit vai san xe bing lien kit bu long, CO kich tbyac 10 000 x 135 x 50 mm + Gia cong c b l tao gia sach: cac gia sach dLpgc chi tao theo dang gia sach compact Co t b i trLpgt ngang tren he thing ray + Gia cong, lip dat he thing ray: He thong ray djnh hLPang se giup cho cac gia sach bj trygt khoi cac ray, dygc lien kit tryc tilp len trin container bang lien kit bu long + Gia cong cbl tao be thing CLPa xlp + Gia cong cbl tao he thing den chilu sang thu' vien + Gia cong c b l tao khong gian sinh boat cua lai xe kiem thu thy: Khong gian sinh boat cua thu thu gIm be thing giuang ngu, ban lam viec va tu d l dugc thilt k l kit hgp vai mot each linh hoat, co thi gip len xuIng theo goc 90o thuan tien cho SLP dung, ding thai giup tilt kiem khong gian + Gia cong cbl tao bac thang len thu vien + Gia cIng chi tao cac chi tilt lip dat phong dpc ngoai trai kit hgp cac khong gian cong cpng tai dja phuang + Trang bj ban ghl gip ca dong phuc vu cbl ngli dpc sach cac phong dpc ngoai trai + Giai phap t l chCpc hinh thCpc kiln true cho xe: San trang tri lai xe vai cac noi dung quang ba van hoa dpc - Quy mo diu sach cua "Thu vien luu dong": Vai cac giai phap gia cong cbl tao lai nhu tren, cong suit phuc vu cua moi mot xe container phuc vu chCPC nang "Thu vien luu dong" dugc tinh toan cu thi nhu sau: Chilu dai cua container la gin 12,2m, ta co thi SLP dung tren 10m d l b l tri he thing gia sach (trCp 1,4m cho khong gian sinh boat cua thu thLP va 0,5m khoang d l SLP dung gia sach) TLP chilu dai SLP dung ban 10m, co tbI dat dygc 19 gia sach co kich thuac 2020 x 500 x 2100 mm, mli gia co ben d l sach, mli ben c6 ting, mli ting CO khoang, mli khoang chCpa dugc trung binh 30 quyIn sach (liy trung binh mli quyIn sach day 15 mm) Vay, ting so sach t l i da ma thu vien chuyen cha dygc la 27 360 quyln - Quy trinh van hanh quan ly va khai thac SLP dung mo hinh "ThLP vien lyu dong": + Tbcyi gian boat dong: Vai cy ly phuc vu va kbii lygng van chuyen Ian, mo hinh "Thy vien luu dong" tren SO 15 2014 19 KHOA HOC & CONG NGHE Hinh 19 Mat cat doc thung xe bo tri cac gia sach compact suT dung FT »jl M Hinh 20 Mat cat ngang cau tao thung xe container Hinh 21 Hoat dong cua "Thu' vien lu'u dong" tren xe container tai dja phu'dng xe container c6 thai gian luu tru boat dong tai mli dia phuang la Thu vien se ma cCpa boat d6ng chinh thCpc ngay, thCp nhit va culi cung la thaj gian d l chuin bj cong tac lip ghep va thu dpn cac he thing phong dpc ngoai trai, ban ghl va thai gian di chuyin din khu vyc phuc vu khac Vao nhCpng thai tilt khong thuan Igi (mua, tjao ) thu vien se ngCpng hoat dong Sau "Thu vien" se di chuyin sang dia phuang khac + Chu ky boat dong: Do dia ban phuc vu kha rpng (cac lang xa kho khan, it hoac khong co dilu kien tilp xuc vai sach va thupc cac tinh vung trung du va dli nui thip miln Bac) nen chu ky boat dong cua mo hinh "Thu vien luu dong" la quy/lin + Phuang thCrc van hanh va quan ly: Lai xe kiem thu thu la nguai quan ly va tri boat dong cho "Thu vien": • Quan ly va huang dan nguai dan each thCpc va thai gian mugn, tra sach Yeu ciu sy giup da v l khong gian hoat dong cho "Thu vien" (san truang, san dinh, nha van hoa ) tCp chinh quyen dja phuang • Huy dong sy giup da cua nguai dan cac cong viec lap ghep va thu dpn phong dpc ngoai trai 20 TAP CHi KHOA HOC KIEN TRUC • Quang cao thong tin v l cac boat dong cua "ThiP vien" • Co thai dp phuc vu Ijch sy, nhiet tinh, chu dao, c6 van hoa Mo hinh "Thu vien ILPU dong" tren xe container la mo hinh thu vien co hieu qua kha cao v l ca chit lugng, khii lugng va cong suit Vai cac dac tinh c6 sin cua containernen mo hinh "TbLP vien luu dong" co nhilu uu diem nhu: Dien tich thung xe rpng, chCpa dugc so lugng diu sach Ian, tli da dat 27 360 cuIn - Ian ban lin lugng sach cua mot huyen trung binh (8.000 cuIn/ thu vien) Diu keo khoe, c6 t h i vu'gt du'gc cac dja hinh doc, doi nui thip Cong suit hoat dong Ian, tinh ty hanh cao, di phuc vu dygc nhilu khu vyc khac - Co the kit hgp mai che, phong bat, khung thep, ban ghe gip de tao cac phong dpc ngoai trai c Huy dong sie tham gia xay dyng cua cong dong Viec dya sach din vai nguai dan bing phuang tien "thu vien luu dong" dygc tai SLP dung va cbl tao tCp nhCpng phu'ang tien van tai cu c6 y nghTa xa hoi rit Ign, mang XAY DUTIG tinh nhan van cao, tao dilu kien thuan Igi cho nguai dan, hoc sinh cac vung kho khan, vung sau, vung xa tilp can dLpgc vai tri tbCpc cua nhan loai, gop phin nang cao bilu bilt, nang cao van boa dpc, tilt kiem kinh phi diu tLP, gop phin thao ga kho khan v l vin cho cong tac thu vien Chinh vi vay, cong viec se nhan dLPgc sy quan tam, ung hp tCp rit nhilu t l chCpc, ca nhan nuac va QuIc t l Giai phap buy dong sy tham gia dong gop va xay dyng cua cpng ding bao gIm cac cong viec sau: Huy dong vin diu ty tCp cac t l chCpc quIc t l va ca nhan nuac ngoai: + Huy dong nguIn vin tCp cac t l chu'c chinh phu va phi chinh phu quIc t l : UNESCO, Hoi cbu' thap quIc t l , cac ngan hang quIc t l , T l chCpc thilu nien, nhi ding quIc t l (UNICEF) + Huy dong nguIn vin tCp cac t l cbCpc, doanh nghiep nuac ngoai, Viet kilu Huy dong vin diu tu tCp cac t l chCpc va ca nhan nuac: + Huy dong nguIn vin tCp cac t l chCpc chinh phu, ca quan doan t b I Trung uang va dja pbLPang: Trung uang Doan nien CSHCM, Hoi Khuyin hpc Trung uang va cac tinh, Hoi Khuyin nong Trung Lpang va cac tinh, thu vien va cac nha xuit ban cac tinh ca nuac + Huy dong nguIn vin tCp cac doanh nghiep, t l chCpc va cac nha tCr thien + Huy dong sy ung hp cac phuang tien van tai cu cua cac doanh nghiep giao thong van tai + Huy dong sy ung hp cac doanh nghiep, nha may, xi nghiep ca gia cong cbl tao + Huy dong sy ung hp sach va, bao, tap chi, tai lieu cua sinh vien hpc sinh cac truang dai hpc, cao dang, pbl thong cac cip tren dja ban ca nyac d l nguIn sach thLP vien Ket luan Theo danh gia cua cac nha khoa hpc va chuyen gia quan ly hang diu cua ITnh vyc thu vien va djch vu thong tin tren tbI giai: thu vien vu'ng manh se dam bao sy tilp can cong bing cac ca hoi thong tin va hpc tap cho mpi ngu'ai dan, tao nen mot nIn tang cho xa hoi vu'ng manh nhim thuc diy sy phat triln Trong bli canh dai sing v l kinh t l - xa hoi, van boa - giao due cua nhilu khu vyc trung du va miln nui phia Bac vin cham phat triln va nhilu kho khan, ban che, giai phap tai su' dung cac phLPang tien van tai cu, chi tao cac xe cu " TbLP vien ILPU dong" phuc vu cho nhu ciu dpc sach, tilp xuc vai kiln thCpc khoa hpc ky thuat va van hoa cho ding bao va hpc sinh phi thong cac vung sau, vung xa cua miln nui, trung du cac tinh phia Bic la mot phuang an co tinh kha thi, tinh nhan van cao, giup cho nguai dan it dilu kien dLpgc tilp can vai cac nguIn kiln thCpc mai, nang cao dan tri, van boa dpc cho ngu'ai dan D l biln y tLPang bay hien thyc, cin phai tilp tuc nghien CCPU va nhan dLpgc sy quan tam ung hp, giup da cua Nha nuac, chinh quyln cac dja phuang va cpng ding tbi day se ta mot pbLPang an chu dong va hieu qua cong viec cong viec truyin ba tri thCpc, gop phin tham gia xoa doi, giam ngheo, phat triln kinh t l - xa hoi, dap Cpng va nang cao chit lugng dai sing van hoa a ca sa, dap irng nhu ciu hpc tap, nghien CCPU cua nguai dan, gop phin vao viec nang cao dan tri, dao tao nhan lye, thyc hien tit muc tieu ca ban cua he thing thu vien ca sa cip tinh, huyen, xa thupc cac tinh trung du va miln nui phia Bic giai doan hien nay./ Phan bien: TS Le Quan Tai lieu tham khao Bao cao Tinh hinh kinh te- xa hoi Viet Nam mUdi nam 2001 2010 ciia Tong cue thong ke Chuang trinh phat trien kinh tixa hoi cac xd dac biet kho khan vungddn tdc thieu sSvd mien niii (ChUdng trinh 135), so hieu: 135/QD-TTgdo Nhd nUdc ViitNam trien khai tUndm 1998 Mot so giai phap xoa doi giam ngheo d cac tinh mien niii phia Bic Van kiin chUting trinh phat trien kinh texd hoi, cac xd - thon, bdn dac biet kho khan vung dong bdo dan tdc thieu so vd mien niii giai doan 2011 - 2015 Danh sach 14 tinh co dieu kien kinh te- xd hoi kho khan vd co ty le ngUdi mit chU cao DU dn Luat thU vien - Trang tin dien til ciia Chinh phu vd Bo Van hoa, Thi thao vd Du lich SO 15 2014 21 ... sy phat triln v l kinh t l - xa hoi, van hoa - giao due cua cac vung sau vung xa thupc cac tinh trung du va miln nui phia Bac la da p h i n trinh dp dan tri t h i p , phuang thuc va trinii dp... tang cho xa hoi vu''ng manh nhim thuc diy sy phat triln Trong bli canh dai sing v l kinh t l - xa hoi, van boa - giao due cua nhilu khu vyc trung du va miln nui phia Bac vin cham phat triln va... Bai vay, viec "Dua thong tin, tri thCpc y§ ca sff" vai ca nuac thi day v i n la vung trung v l giao due - dao tham gia xoa doi, giam ngheo, phat triln kinh t l - xa hoi, tao Trong "Danh sach