NGHIEN CLfU TRAO DQi HiljiNG yEu nil TAC DOHm DEN CHAT LUdNG DAO TAO HE VUALAiMI|| VUfA HjQi^ HOC CHif T INCUl • • Ths, Nguyen Phffdc Tai Kt)oa Gido di^c Chinbi tr\ va Cong tac xd hoi DH Bdng Thap Tro[.]
NGHIEN CLfU - TRAO DQi M d t v a i quan d i d m chu dao t r o n g dao t a o he vffa lam HiljiNG yEu nil TAC DOHm DEN CHAT LUdNG DAO TAO HE VUALAiMI|| VUfA HjQi^ HOC CHif TINCUl •:• Ths, Nguyen Phffdc Tai Kt)oa Gido di^c Chinbi tr\ va Cong tac xd hoi DH Bdng Thap Trong qud trinh hoi nhd^, kinh te qudc tS'nhuhien na\% doi hoi ngdnh gido dui (uali nudc ta phdi thay doi de pbu^ hap vdi nhu cdu tliuc tienW Bdi Viet giup ngudi doc ndm ' dugc/cdc quan diem, cac \eu to gop phdn ndng cao chat luang ddo laoJieudaldm vLfa hgc theoflf^elWitin^hi vffa hoc h i e n Ddo tao dai hpc, cao dang theo hinh thtfc vffa lam vtfa hpc (VLVH) ma trffdc ddy chung ta thffdng gpi la dai hpc tai chffc, cao dang tai chffc Trong thdi dai hien nay, loai hinh ddo tao khdng the thidu va dffdc quy dinh Ludt gido due bdi cdc yeu c l u sau: Dao tao dai hpc, cao dang he vffa lam vffa hpc xua'l phdt ttt yen cau thffc tien khdch quan cua ngffdi hpc; nhu clu xa hdi Bdi VI, nhffng ngffdi hpc theo he ddo tao ndy mudn cd kidn thtfc chuyen mdn nghiep vu de ddp ffng yen clu cua cdng viec, ciia xd hdi Van icien Dai hdi Dang lln thff X da neu: "Chuyen din md hinh giao due hidn sang md hinh dao tao giao due md - mo hinh xa hdi hpc tap vdi he thd'ng gido due sud't ddi, ddo tao Uen tuc, U6n thdng giffa cdc bac hpc, ngdnh hpc; xdy dffng vd phat tridn hd thd'ng hpc tap cho mpi ngffdi vdi nhffng hinh thffc hpc tap, thffc hanh linh hoat bao dam sif cdng bang xa hoi lrong giao due"; lao cd hdi cho ngffdi lao dpng dffdc hpc tap theo ndng Itfc va phu hdp vdi didu kien va hodn canh ciia tffng ngtfdi Uy ban Qud'c te' ve phdt tridn gido due thudc td chffc UNESCO neu len bd'n tru cot cua giao due la: Hpc dd biet (Learning to know); hpc de lam viec (Learning to do); Hpc dd chung sd'ng (Learning to live together) vd Hpc dd tdn tai (Learning to be) Vdi xu the' xa hdi hda gido due, viec ndng cao trinh dp hpc va'n khdng chi la yen can de dap ffng cdng vide ma dd la nhu cau cua cudc sdng, ciia xa hdi Hpc tdp sudt ddi trtfdc hd't Id vdn dd cua moi cd nhdn, giup cho moi cd nhdn dat dffdc nhffng kie'n thffc, ky nang va thai dp mdi dd tiiich nghi vdi nhffng thay ddi nhanh chdng cua hoan canh xd hdi Viec xay dtfng mdt xd hdi hpc tap va hpc tap sudt ddi trtfdc day da dtfdc Ldnin de cap de'n: "Hpc, hpc nffa, hpc mai" va quan diem ndy rat phu hdp vdi nhdn dan ta, dd'i vdi ca nhan loai tff ngdn xffa cho dd'n nay, hpc lap se giffp ngtfdi md mang kidn thtfc, nd giup cho dd't ntfdc vdn minh, tie'n bp hdn Vdi nhffng ly luan tren ve boat ddng giao due dao tao, chffng ta thd'y rang dao tao he vffa lam vtfa hpc da cd nhffng bidn chuyen tich cffc, da tao ndn mot xa hdi hpc tap vd vi vdy nhffng nam gan day hinh thtfc ddo tao ndy da phdt trien mdt each nhanh chdng d h l u het cdc trtfdng dai hpc, cao dang ca ntfdc Cac ydu td'gdp phdn nang cao chat Iffdng dao tao hd vffa lam vffa hpc theo hpc chd tin chi Trtfdc day, gido due xac dinh "/i/ia trudng, gia dinh vd xd hoV la ba ydu td khdng the thieu lrong boat ddng dao tao Theo ca nhan chung tdi, mdt ye'u to' nffa cung khdng kdm phin quan TAP CHl KHOA HQC C A N THO NGHIEN CQU - TRAO DOI trpng hoal ddng giao due dao tao dd chinh la "ngtfdi hpc " Bdi vi, theo quy dinh cua Bp Giao diic va Dao tao thi bat dau ndm hpc 2010 la't ca cdc trtfdng dai hpc, cao d^ng se chuyen sang mot hinh thffc ddo tao mdi la dao tao theo hpc che' tin chi Phffdng thffc dao tao mdi vdi tridt IJ la tdn trpng ngffdi hpc, Id'y ngffdi hpc la Irung tdm cua qua trinh day va hpc Cung gidng nhff hd ddo tao chinh quy, chffdng tnnh ddo tao he vffa lam vtfa hpc theo hpc che' tin chi dtfdc xdy dtfng tren ndn tang tridt ly dy 2.1 Vai trd cda gidng viin Ngtfdi Thiy hoal ddng giao due dao tao ndi chung vd hoat dpng dao tao he vffa lam, vffa hpc theo hpc che' tin chi noi rieng van gitt vai trd quan trpng qud trinh ddo tao, ttt xa xffa, ddn tdc Vidt Nam da xdc dinh "Khdng Ihly dd' may lam ndn" Didm quan trpng d chd, ngffdi day da the hien vai trd "trpng tai"; "ngffdi td chffc"; "ngtfdi htfdng dan" qud tnnh truydn thii kien thffc cffa minh de'n vdi ngffdi hpc, giup ngffdi hpc dinh hffdng, phat huy kha nang tff dd iff hpc, ll/nghidn cffu nham phat trien loan didn Do'i vdi he dao tao vtfa lam vffa hpc, ddi hdi ngffdi Thay ngodi kien thffc chuyen mdn c i n phai cd sff am hidu thffc tien phong phii, bdi vi dd'i tffdng cua qud trinh day hpc dd dffdc thay ddi: ddi tffdng la nhffng ngtfdi da di 1dm, da cd ndn lang kie'n thffc chuyen mdn Cho nen qua trinh giang day dd'i tffdng giang vien phai chii ^ ddi mdi phffdng phap day hpc cho phtt hdp vdi hpc vien Bdn canh dd, ngffdi ThIy phai ludn trau ddi kidn thffc ly ludn cung nhff thffc tien Didn hinh, vd kien thffc ly luan chung thi giang vien phai sff dung phffdng phap lay ngffdi hpc 1dm trung tdm vd tich cifc hda ngffdi hpc, giiip ngffdi hpc nam vffng kidn thffc trdn Idp (nhffng kidn thffc d bac Uen thdng phai cd sff ke ihtta cua bac ddo tao trffdc dd) Vdi dd'i tffdng hoc vien Id ngffdi da tham gia hoat ddng thffc tidn ndn ngffdi giang vien e i n khdi xffdng, td chffc hffdng dan phin ttf hpc, tff nghien cffu de hpc vidn van diing mdt cdch sdng tao nhffng kidn thffc tff thffc tidn cffa hp vdo cdc budi semina, thao ludn nhdm tren Idp, dd tff dd ngtfdi hpc hoc tap lln Dd thffc hidn td't nhiem vii cua minh, ngffdi giang vien phai chuin bi cho hpc vien tinh hud'ng sinh dpng de hpc vien Iff giai quye't 2.2 Vai tro cua ngiM hgc Socrater cho rSng: "Tri thffc cua mot ngffdi khdng the trd thdnh tri thffc cua ngffdi khac neu nhff ngtfdi dd khdng ttf hpc la'y'" Dtt ngtfdi thay cd gidi bao nhieu nhiftig ngtfdi hpc khdng cd phtfdng phdp tidp cdn tri thffc cua ngffdi thay, khdng tff nd life vffdn Idn thi khd cd the cdng trdn dffdng chiem linh tri thtfc Dao tao he vffa 1dm vffa hpc theo hpc chd tin chi ddi hdi ngffdi hpc phai sap xe'p bo' tri thdi gian mdt cdch khoa hpc va hdp \^ nha't mdi dam bao dung phffdng chdm cua phffdng thffc ddo lao theo hpc chd tin chi Ngodi viec tham gia day du trdn Idp theo quy dinh ci5a cd sd dao tao, hpc vien phai tham gia lich cffc cac hoat ddng semina, thao luan nhdm, manh dan neu len nhffng quan diem, y kidn cua minh Ttt dd cdc hpc vien mdi hpc hoi nhffng kinh nghidm cfia Qua day chung ta tha'y rkng ttf hpc la mot qua tnnh hoat ddng nhan thtfc ddc biet, mdi ngtfdi hpc phai ttf ddc kdt, ttf rdn luyen, tff tim phtfdng phap rieng cho minh cd nhtf the' boat ddng dao tao he vffa lam vffa hpc ndi ridng vd he dao tao chinh quy ndi chung theo hpc che' tin chi mdi thffc hien dffng phffdng chdm cua minh 2.3 Vai trd cua cd sd ddo t^o Phat huy tich cffc vide chu ddng, sdng tao qud trinh day - hpc he vffa Idm vtfa hpc theo hpc che' lin chi la mot vdn de dang dtfdc xa hdi dac biet quan tdm qua trinh dao lao dai hpc, cao dang hidn De hoat ddng dao tao dat dtfdc hidu qua cao doi hoi cd sd dao tao phai cd nhffng bidn phap phtt hdp, linh hoat vdi tttng dd'i ttfdng ngtfdi hpc, cu thd nhtf: - Xay dtfng noi dung chtfdng trinh ddo tao phai cdn dd'i ca ly thuydt Idn thtfc hanh (thtfc tien), phai cd tdi Ueu htfdng dan viec Iff hpc, ttf nghidn ctfu cho hpc vien mdt each hdp nha't nham phat huy vai trd chii dpng va khai thac vo'n sdng kinh nghidm cua ngtfdi hpc ' Le Thi Thu Ha: NhQng quan diem chinh day vd hgc cua Australia - Tap chi Day va hoc Sd9/2(X)7 TAP CH[ KHOA HQC CAN THO 55 NGHIEN C U f U - T R A O BOI - Dau ttf trang thie't bi, phffdng tien day hoc dly du nham dam bao viec thffc hanh, thi nghiem phii hdp vdi thffc tien cua xa hdi - Td chffc thi, kiem tra ddnh gia ngtfdi hpc phai dtfdc thtfc hien mot each ddng loat, nhd't qudn, khach quan, dam bao dung quy che dao tao - Ltfa chpn giang vien giang day he dao lao vffa lam vffa hpc phai dam bao cdc yen can nhff: trinh dp chuyen mdn, phai cd phtfdng phap td chtfc Idp linh hoat, sang lao vd cd nhieu kinh nghidm thtfc te ve chuydn mdn ciia minh - Cd sd dao tao c i n ddi mdi viec bien soan giao trinh, tai lieu phiic vu day hpc nham cung ca'p kie'n thffc mdi, "kip thdi dai" cho hpc vien 2.4 Vai tro cua xd hdi Dao tao he vtfa lam vtfa hoc dang ly la mdt loai hinh ddo tao rd't hay, ddng gdp tich ctfc vao viec ndng cao chd't Itfdng gido due vd xd hoi hda hpc lap lrong thdi dai The'nhiftig, thtfc lien cho tha'y he dao tao ndy dd cd nhieu bdt cdp, khdng dap ffng nhu cau xa hoi, vd cd chd hidn se rat khd de cd the ddi mdi Trong nhffng nam qua, mdt vai dia phffdng dang cd sff phan biet giffa he dao tao chinh quy vd vffa lam vffa hpc mot each rd ndt Cu thd, ndm 2010, Sd Ndi vu cua TP Da Nang, Hd Nam, Quang Nam khdng tuydn dung ngffdi td't nghiep tai chffc gay bffc xffc cho xa hdi vd ngffdi hpc Ly ma cac tinh "ndi khdng" vdi he ddo lao la "chd't Iffdng ddo tao kem, ngffdi hpc khdng du trinh dd dd dam nhdn cdng viec" Vdi didng tin nhff vdy, Bd GD-DT da dffa chii trtfdng sidt chdt viec quan If ddo tao tai chffc bang each giao chi tieu tuyen sinh dffa vao nang life thtfc td cua nhd trtfdng (chii trtfdng ndy cung gid'ng nhtf viec dp dung ddi vdi dao tao hd chinh quy) Thtfc te' cho tha'y, mdt vai nam g i n day quy md dao lao cac he khdng chinh quy d nhtfng DH Idn cung phai thu hep nhu cau giam nhtf trtfdng DH Kinh te' qud'c dan, DH Bdch khoa, DH Giao thdng vdn tai, DH Luat,,,, Phd Hieu tiiTdng DH Xay dtfng Pham Duy Hda cho bid't: " Dau nam hpc 2012-2013, nhd trtfdng dtfdc giao chi tieu ddo tao tai chtfc 1.400 SV nhiftig thtfc te'chi tuyen dtfdc 630 SV (dat 45%)^" Vdi quy dinh ciia Bd GD-DT vd each nhin nhan d mdt vai dia phtfdng nhtf the', nen nhffng nam g i n day cdc cd sd dao tao dat vd'n dd chd't Itfdng len hang dau va ngtfdi hpc cung thay ddi cdch hpc, cdch suy nght ciia minh vd loai hinh ddo tao Do dd, xa hdi can cd cdi nhin thien cam hdn dd cho ngtfdi hpc thffc hien dffdc mong mudn cua hp dd la nang cao trinh dp chuyen mon, nghiep vu Tdm lai, viec ndng cao chd't Iffdng mdt cdch todn dien loai hinh ddo tao vffa lam vffa hpc theo hpc che tin chi d cac trffdng DH, CD dieu kien hien Id mdt viec lam rd't c i n thiet va khd thffc hien Tuy nhien theo y kie'n cua chung ldi tiii de ndng cao chd't Iffdng va hieu qua cua loai hinh ddo tao ndy thi ddi hoi phai cd sff phd'i hdp mdt cdch Unh boat giffa bd'n yeu to': Nha trffdng, gia dinh, xa hdi vd ngffdi hpc • • Th6ng tin tai: hltp7/www nhandan,coni,vn/cuoituan/chuye]i-de/item/21001202.1itml TAX LIEU THAM KHAO Bp Giao due va dao tao, Quyet diuh so 36/2007/QD-BOD&DT ngiy 28.06.2007 ve viec bau hanh Quy che dao tao dai hoc va cao diug hinh thiJc vuTa lam viTa hoc Bo Giao due va dao tao, Quye't dinh s6' 43/2007/QE-BGD&ET 15.8.2007 v4 viec ban hanh Quy che dao tao dai hoc va cao dang he chinh quy theo he thong tin chi Bp Giao due va dao tao, Quyet diuh sa'06/2008/QD-BGD&DT ugay 13.02.2008 ve viec ban hanh Quy dmh lien th6ug trinh dp dai hoc, cao ding Van Ideu Dai hoi X ciia Dang cong san Viet Nam, Lg Thi Thu Ha Nhitng quan diem chinh day vh hoc cHo Australia - Tap clii Day vi hpc Stf 9/2007 http://www uhandau.com.vnycuoitiian/chuven-de/item/21Q01202.html 56 TAP CHi KHOA HQC CAN THO ... "ngtfdi hpc " Bdi vi, theo quy dinh cua Bp Giao diic va Dao tao thi bat dau ndm hpc 2010 la''t ca cdc trtfdng dai hpc, cao d^ng se chuyen sang mot hinh thffc ddo tao mdi la dao tao theo hpc che'' tin... hpc theo hpc che'' tin chi dtfdc xdy dtfng tren ndn tang tridt ly dy 2.1 Vai trd cda gidng viin Ngtfdi Thiy hoal ddng giao due dao tao ndi chung vd hoat dpng dao tao he vffa lam, vffa hpc theo. .. vffa 1dm vffa hpc theo hpc chd tin chi ddi hdi ngffdi hpc phai sap xe''p bo'' tri thdi gian mdt cdch khoa hpc va hdp \^ nha''t mdi dam bao dung phffdng chdm cua phffdng thffc ddo lao theo hpc chd tin