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C Q l NGHIEN CIJIU THIET KE CHUYEN DE DAY HOC HOAT DONG PHAT TRIEN CHirONG TRINH NHA TRII0NG CUA GIAO VIEN GOP PHAN THUC HIEN MUC TIEU DAY HOC PHAT TRIEN NANG LUC HOC SINH TS NGUYtN TIEN TRUNG Tap cti[.]
C Q l NGHIEN CIJIU THIET KE CHUYEN DE DAY HOC - HOAT DONG PHAT TRIEN CHirONG TRINH NHA TRII0NG CUA GIAO VIEN GOP PHAN THUC HIEN MUC TIEU DAY HOC PHAT TRIEN NANG LUC HOC SINH TS NGUYtN TIEN TRUNG Tap ctif Giao due I.Batvindi Hifn' nay, Bd Gilo due v i Dio tao (GD&DT) dang thfle hifn chi dao ddi mdi can b i n v l toin dien giio dye (GD) va dao tao, tfl chfldng trinh (CT), sich giao khoa, d i n kiem tra dinh g i i (DG), Odng thdi, Bd GD&DT trien khai thi dilm vifc phit triin CT nhi trfldng, khuyin khfch phat triin CT Idp hpc (classroom curriculum) nhu la nhflng hoat ddng (HD) nghl nghifp quan trpng cua giio vifn (GV) lildt nhflng HD dang dflpe trlln khai l i viec thflc hifn day hpc (DH) bing cie ehuyen de day hoe (CODtH) HO xay dUrig v i trien khai DH bang eac CODH la mdt dang HO phit triin CJ nhi trfldng Mfit s^ ylu td din den vife to chfle DH thdng qua cle CDDH nhfl sau: CT GD qudc gia, dja phflong cd tfnh nguyen tic va ben vflng mdt khoing thdi gian, ludn cd tinh ddng d l phin i n n v i ed su phii hpp nhat ^inh vdi thuc tien Muc tifu chuin bi eho hpe sinh (HS) thfeh flng va xim nhap vio thyc t l d ^ sdng, khdi Ifldng kiln thfle eic mdn hpe ting Ifn r i t nhanh IVlye tieu DH theo tilp can ning Iflc (NL) l i co sd ddi hdi GV dilu ehinh qua trinh DH ciia minh DH tieh hdp trdng mdn Toin thyc hifn theo eac hudmg sau:T{ch hop mot sd npi dung cd li^n quan ndi bd mdn Toin; tfch hop DH mdt sd van d l Toin hoc; tich hc^ mot so bai hpe mfin Toin; khai thic mfit so mdn hpc khac hoac thuc tien cd lien quan de dfla vio DH Toin.Thtft kf bii hoc l i nhifm vu thudng xuy§n efla GV mang tfnh sang tao v l cip nhit Cdng vife niy t h i hifn NL chuyfn mdn cung nhu ngh^ thuit sfl pham ciia GV NL thiet ke ke hoaeh DH/GD l i d n thilt dd'i vdi GV Nd t h i hifn thdng qua HD nghifn eflu mtic tifu, ndi dung CT, sich giio khoa, d p hpe, mdn hpc, Ic^ hpc, ddi tUpng DH de xac cfinh, thift kf ke hoaeh phfl hc^, thi, cd the kiem soit v i OG dflpc Hifn tai, ehfla cd nhilu nghien eflu v l DH theo chuyen d l nhfl la mdt HD phit triin CT nhi trfldng, dac bift ddi vdf mdn Toan Bai viet trinh biy tdm Iflpc ve NL, DH tilp can NL, phat trien CT,CDDH DH mdn Toin Nang luc v l day hoc tiep cdn ning Iflc 2.1.NdnglUe Nhilu t i i lieu cho ring NL thude vao pham trii nang nhfl: PISA vd cde dgng cdu hdi ctia Bp GD&OT, NL vd edu tnic eda NL ciia Hoing Hda Binh, IVidtsd tic g i i cho ring NL l i thude tfnh hay thude tinh dfic dao eiia c i nhin cho phfp thflc hifn thinh cfing HD nhat cNnh Khai nifm NL dfldc trinh biy Dy thio CT GD thong tdng the: NL Id khd ndng thyc hiin thdnh edng HD bdi cdnh nhdt dinh nhd su tong hgp cde kiin thdc, ki ndng (KN) vd cdc thude tinh cd nhdn khde nhu hdng thu niim tin, y chL NL cua ca nhin dflpc DG qua phfldng thflc va k i t q u i HD cfla c i nhin giii quyft d e van de cudc sdng Hem nfla, GV v l HS d l hieu, de tiep can hdn vdi nhiing triin khai day - hpc: Day kiln thfle va KN 2.2 Dgy ttgc tiip edn ndng luc nguid hoc NLbad gdm sy vin dyng torig tidp cic'tri thflc, KN 14-KHOAHQCBlAODUG va hlnh vi flng xfl thyc hlnh DH hfldng vio NL hay theo hfldng t i l p can Nl d n chfl ^ d c van de sau: Thd nhdt, NL phii dflpc the hifn qua k i t qui cdng viec, mflc dd dat dfloc myc dich Do do, DH theo hfldng ti^p cin NL d n quan t i m tdi HD hpc v l k i t qui HO hoc ciia HS Thd hai, NL II sy hop gifla kiln thflc, KN, th^i Vl vly, DH theo hfldng t i l p can NL vfla ehii trang bj kien thfle, KN cho HS vfla hinh thinh thiidi, hanh vi flng xfl dting d i n cho d e em Thdba, kft qu'S cdng vifc hay HD la thflde d l ^ NL cfla ci nhin ChiTdng trinh, phat trien chifdng trinh vl chuyfn di day hoc 3.1 Chiiong trinh gido due, phdt triin chuong trinh gido due 3.1.1 ehuang trinh gido due Theo Vu Quoe Chung, CTcd d e d p dd sau; CTquoc gia, CT dia phuong va CT Idp hoc CT ldp hoc li mdt he thfing d e k l hoaeh DH v i GD GV thiet lie nhim dat dUdc muc tieu DH Khi thUe hien CT l ( ^ hoc, GV ddng vai trd l i chfl t h i t h i l t k l N L phit trien CT idp hpe li mfit NL quan trpng va d n thiet d GV Do vly, cic trudng sir pham d n chti trpng ren luyen NL phat trif n CT ldp hpc eho sinh vifn NL phit triin CT ldp hpc la mdt phin eiia NL CT, gdm NL phit triin CTva NL thflc hifn CT [1].TheoehiJng tfil, NL phit trien CT ldp hoc the hien qua kit qui eCia HD thilt ke kf ho^ch b i i hoc cua GV d l dat muc tifu Dtl d mdi tilt hoc 3.1.2 Phdt trien ehuang trinh Phit trifn CT la q u i trinh dieu chlnh, bfi sung, cip nhat lim mdi toan bp hoac mdt sd thinh td ciia CT GD Nd bio d i m ning p h i t trien va on dinh tuong d& eua CT GD da cd Ddng thdi, nd giiip vifc triin khai CT theo muc tifu GD dat hifu q u i tdt n h i t phii hdp vdi dSc dilm, nhu d u phit trien cfla xa hdi v l HS Phit trien CT bao gdm xiy dung CT, DG, chinh sfl^ va hoan thifn C Phat triin CT duac thflc hien theo ba d p dfi khie nhau, xft theo quy md: Cap dd Ct quoc gia (CT tdng thi, mifc tieu tdng t h i g i n vdi trilt If GD cua d i t nfldc, ); eip Stf CT nhi trfldng (CT nhi trudng thiet ke trfn cd sd CT qudc gia); d p dd CT ldp hoc (sin phlm thift k l etia GV q u i trinh DH) 'M 3.2 Chuyin di dgy hgc • 3.2.1 Quan niem ve ehuyen didm hoc S Khi ndi d i n CODH, ta hieu l i d e ^ dO CT n h i t r f l M va CT ldp hpc m i chu the xay dyng la tap t h i GVho^G^ ehfl khdng phii II hf thdng nhiJng nhi khoa hoc Glim CT GD qudc gia CDDH ta mdt kf hoach tdng t h i dc H0 DH trdng mfit thdi gian xic djnh, dd ed muctiSu hpe tap, pham vi va mfle nfii dung DH, ckc phiKT" phip va hinh thflc td chfle DH, cieh thflc DG kItfluS l i tip Theo d c h quan niem nhfl trf n, d n chl rd mot s6m dung sau: Cic muc tifu DH c$n ehi rd kiln thflc, KN, W dp va NL; Pham vi kiln thflc, mflc dd kiln thflc day v l N phfl hdp vdi ddi tfldng HS, thdi Ifldng DH v i CT qu6c^ a NGHIEN CDU c i c phfldng p h i p va hinh thflc t6 ehflc DH chu yeu phii dflpc chi rd di cd co sd xle dinh HO ctia GV v l HS p"3 ^'"'"r ^'''^" l^^iai DH theo chuyfn d l ; Cieh thflc OG ^ *Lr ilP'^^^P * ^ ° " g qua cat^ HO v l k i t q u i HD eu the cfla HS d f t l l p can hifu q u i q u i trinh day - hoc Ngoii ra, can chfl y' tdi d c yfu x6 n h u ° k l hoaeh tdng the (mye tifu, phflong phip va eic bflde tifn hinh thflc hifn day v l hpc); "thdi gian xle dinh" (xle dinh thdi dif msfl dung chuyen d l DH, thdi IflOng dinh cho chuyen dl, ) M&i CDDH GV hay t i p t h l c v t h i l t k l 11 mpt phan cfla CT n h i trudng, l i sin phlm cua qua trinh phat trien CT nha trudng, CT Idp hpe 3.2.2 Mpt sdyiu cdu mang tinh nguyin tac ddi vdi chuyen de day hgc Xay dyng CDDH d i p flng yeu d u doi mdi GD hifn can Iflu