BDI D l i G VA PHAT TRIIN NANG lim CHUAN Bl BAI DAY CHD GllNG VIEN Tt^S BUI M INH HAI " Chuan bj bai dgy la khau quan trpng trong qua trinh dayhpe(DH) Dac biet vdi xu hudng DH md, chu trpng vao sychu[.]
BDI D l i G VA PHAT TRIIN NANG lim CHUAN Bl BAI DAY CHD GllNG VIEN Tt^S BUI M I N H H A I " C huan bj bai dgy la khau quan trpng qua trinh dayhpe(DH).Dac biet vdi xu hudng DH md, chu trpng vao sychu ddng, sang Igo, hinh nang lyc eho ngudi hpe dap ung yeu eau thyc tiln thi chuan bj bai dgy can phai duac coi trpng hon Tuy nhien, hien nang lyc chuan bj bai day cua giang vien (GV) edn nhieu hgn che.Day la mpt nhung tdn tgi, yeu kem can duoc khie phye, coy nghTa mddudng cho qua trinh DH vdi chat iupng cao Nguyen nhan ton tai mat han che cua cong tac chuan bi bai dgy cua GV Cd nhi^u nguyen nhan tae dpng tdi sy hgn chd' cua cong tae chuan bj bai day Mpt sd nguyen nhan xuatphattn/ctieptLrphiaGV nhusau; 1) GV ebua nbin tht/c diing mdc tam quan Irpng cua cong lac chuan bj bai dgy va sy anh hudng eua ndtdi qua trinh Id'chiicDH,tdi kelqua hpc tap eua sinh vien 2) Ning liic dgc, nghien cuu tai lieu cua GV edn han ehe, dae biet la kha nang phan tieh td'ng hop deblen nhung phan ndi dung lai lieu lhanh lu lieu phii hop vdi bai hpc, "ngdn ngu" cua ban than 3) Ve kinang bien tap tai lieu: hau het eae tai lieu mdi khai thac khong the sii' dung DH Tai ll^u la van ban cung can thay dd'inhulogi djnh dang Id file anh van ban file van ban Tranh anh cd chu thich, mot so dudng net, mau s§e khdng phu hop Khi can thay doi, GV lung tung viec thay ddi hinh anh, bien hinh anh nhimg hinh phu hpp vdi npi dung, y dosu phgm Vdi lai lieu la doan phim, GV cdn gap nhieu khd khan hon Lam thenao detao mdl,c&t, gliep doan phim, them chiJ, hinh anh, loai bo, long am la eg van de ddi vdi nhieu GV Bdi vay, nhieu khicdtai lieu madanh chap nhgn khdng sddung bai day, khien bai day thieu npi dung sat thyc, thuyet phuc, chua gay duoc hifng thu cho ngudihpc 4) Viee soan giao an \huan theo kieu Hep can ndi dung, muc tieu giao an khdng dupc ehu trpng, edn CO sy nham lln giiJa mue tieu cua thay va myc tieu cua trd, ndi dung giao an chu ye'u mang linh liet ke npi dung cae muc va y cua bai day eung vdi ten phuong 40 Tap chi Gido due so 339 phap ma khong de cgp den viec lam desinh vien chu dpng, tich cye, sang tao tiep thu kien thirc, kTnang va quan trpng hon la nang lye cua sinh vien dgt de'n muc dp nao 5) Bien soan giao an dien tu: ehu ye'u giao an dupc thie't ketheo ldi dudng t h i n g Khi sii' dung, GV lan lugt trinh chieu cac slide lu dau cho den het Cac trang trinh chieu chu yeu la chir, npi dung thudng dai ddng, thieu cd dpng dai dien cho cac y Viec trinh bay cung edn ehua phii hc^ ve mau s5c, ed va kieu chii Bdi vay, ddi ngudi ta vi giao an dien tdkieu ehi thay cho GV khdng phai viet bang cdn sinh vien thi thay bdi nhin bang chep thi nhin man chieu chep Mot s o b i e n phap nham boi duong va phat trie'n nang lyc chuan b j b a i d a y c h o G V 1) Can eo nhan tbuc day du, diing muc a GV ve vai trd, vj tri cua cong lac chuan bj bai dgy Xac dinh day eung la cdng doan khdng the thieu dupc cdng viee ehuyen mdn cua minh Tddd, tgo cho minh mpt nep, mpt tu the, mpt phong thai tam li san sang quyet lam cho hoat ddng 2) Bo) dumg nang life doe, tim kiem, tong hgp thong tin tir sach Thdng qua dd nham bdi dudng kie'n thdc ehuyen mon, nghiep vu va deblen sogn d l cuong baigiang.Khidpccan xac djnh mpt sobudc thgc hien sau: - Tardc het can xae djnh myc dich dpe sach, tim kiem eai gi sach Myc dich dpe sach se chl phditoanbpqualrinh dpe, giup tranh Iran lan, tdn edng sde va thdi gian, cd duoc eai can tim saeh nhanh nhat va hieu qua nhat; - Tim hieu dja ehi cudn sgeh Nh^m xac dinh ehinh xac cudn sach thdng qua ten cudn sach, ten tae gia, ten nha xuat ban, nam xuat ban, lan xuat ban deed the giup ich cho cac lan tlm kiem va trich ddn cac tai lieu; - Dpe myc luc Day la phan chiia dan y chung va don gian cua cudn sach, na dung se de cap va dia chi cua nd cudn sach; -Dpe Icfi lya, Idi ndi dau Qua dd, ta biet dupc cudn sach de cgp den van de gi, dung cho dd'i tuong nao, khai quat van de CO ban saeh de cgp, van de quan trpng nhat eua cuon sach;-Doe Idi ket lugn va ldm t§t.Nh^m xac djnh * Tnniing Cao dang stT pbam trung irdng (ki - 8/2014) ndi dung CO dpng nhat, nhimg ket lugn chinh, miie dp giaiquyetvan devaphuong hudng ti^ttieo;-Dpc mpt vai dogn Tim hieu ndi dung bang each dpe mot so' doan deed nhihig nhan djnh budc dau ve cuon sach; -Dpe thyc sy Day la edng doan thyc sy tim kiem dieu can tim saeh, dgt mue dich dpe saeh Do dd, can phai ed kT thuat doc phii hpp vdi tihig m uc dich ey the Mpt so each dpe nhu: dpe ludt qua, doc cd chu dian, dpe toan bd, dpe nghien ngim, doc thu ddng, dpe chu dpng, dpe ndng, dpe sau Khi dpe can phai lich cyc tu duy, chu y eao dp, ren luyen kT thuat dpe hap li va ghi chep mdt each khoa hpc nhihig dieu can thiet da dpe 3) Kinang soan giao in Khi sogn giao an can nhieu kT nang, dd chit trpng kT nang sau: - KT nang xae djnh muc lieu bai dgy Muc lieu bai day la mpt phat bieu ve nhihig gi sinh vien phai hieu ro, phai n§m vihig, phai lam duac sau bai dgy Muc tieu DH can duoc viet dudi gdc dp sinh vien de nhan manh ket qua cud'i cung cua bai dgy la d phia sinh vien ehd khdng phai d phia GV Can xac dinh chinh xae muc lieu vamdc dp vdimdiloaimue tieu de cd tinh khathi, cdthe ludng vadanh gia duac; - KTnang xac djnh npi dung kie'n thdc giao an Can can cd vao ndi dung de cuong bai giang va cac ye'u to khac de xay dyng npi dung kien thirc giao an Npidung giao an phai la nhimg kie'n thuc eo ban, trpng tam the hien thdng qua sy ch^l lpc cau Id mang tinh dai dien cho y, doan, demue; - KTnang sudung phuong phap DH Tnj'dc het can hieu rove moi phuang phap DH Biet ro the manh cua mdi phuang phap ciing nhu diem yeu cua phuang phap De sd dyng duoe nhdm phuong phap td'i uu nhait, can can cd vao mot so diem: mue lieu, tinh chat, npi dung bai dgy; dgc diem tam sinh II, trinh dp va phuong phap hpc cua sinh vien; kl nang sil' dung phuang phap cua GV; dieu kien ca sd vat chat, phuang tien DH Viec sd dyng phuong phap khdng phai la liet ke ten phuong phap giao an ma phai the hien thdng c]ua sy ehuyen hoa bSng cau hdi, b§ng tinh hudng, b^ng tgo dyng van de , tde lasythyc hien cua phuong phap d mpt npi dungcu the 4} Bo) dudng nang li/c khai thae va bien tap nguon tallieu " s d ^ D a y la toaitai lieu ed uu the vuot trpi so vdi cac bai khac Bdi vay, can lap tnjng lao lai lieu dudi dgng ngan hang tep du" lieu dam bao tieu chuan dap iing yeu eau sudung DH Ta cdthe lien hanh lao mdi, khai thae, bien tap tai lieu luu tnJ may vi linh theo cae each nhu sau: - Sd dung (ki 1-8/2014) mayqueianhvaphan mem nhan dang nhu VnDOCR, OmniPage dedua cac trang in, photo file van ban, file anh; - Chyp anh, quay phim, thu am bSng may chup anh, may quay phim, may ghi am kT thuat sd; - Sudyng cac phan mem ehuyen dyng delao/ chinh sua van ban, bang bieu, hinh anh f n h , hinh anh dpng, dung va bien lap doan phim; - Day mgnh khanang khaithae dir lieu tueae phan mem ung dyng, cac trang mgng Intemet, mang cyc bp bdng viec sd dung cac thu thuat tim kiem, cac phan mem ho trp de dua di? lieu ve may tinh ca nhan 5) Chuan bi eae trang thiet bi, phuang tien DH6am bao ve sdlupng, tinh trang hoat ddng Cdsy am hieu ve phuang tien, thye dieu khie'n, cdkehoach sddyng vachu dpng mpi tinh huwig cdthe xay DH 6) Bien soan giio an dien tu Giao an dieri ti) la ban thiet ke cy the toan bd ke hogch hogt ddng DH eda GV Giao an dien tu can the hien duoc kien thuc ehuyen mdn, y su phgm va ea phong each day rieng eua mdi GV Can bam sat vao giao an, de cuong baigiang dechia qua trinh DH gid len ldp lhanh cac hogl ddng nhgn thuc ey the Dya vao cac hogl ddng dd de xay dyng npi dung cho cae trang (hoae cac slide) Tuy theo ndi dung cu the ma thdng lin tren mdi trang/slkJe cd cac dang nhu: van ban, hog, tranh anh, am thanh, video clip Vol van ban can trinh bay ngdn gpn, cd dpng, dai dien eho cac y va trpng tam kie'n thuc Cd the ke't hpp mpt vai kieu, cd, mau chir, nhung phai thich hop hai hda vdi npi dung, rd rang, de doc va dd Idn dengud^ hpc dvj Iri thiet thoi nhat eung cdthe doe thuan lai Nen diing khung, mau nen (background) thd'ng nhat cho cae trang/slide, hgn chesudyng cac mau quaehdi hoae qua tuong phan Khdng nen Igm dyng cac hieu ung trinh dien theo kieu "bay nhay" thu hut sy td md khdng can thie't cua sinh vien, phan tan ehii y hpc tap Can chii y lam nd'i bat ndi dung trpng tam, khai Uiac tnet de cac y tudng tiem an ben cae ddi tuong trinh dien Cua cung la lao cac Hen ket (hyperiink) hpp li, logic len cac ddi tuong va ngoaifiletrinh chieu Thdng Ihudng eho tgo duoc loi re hay cac "diem chcT xu li cac tinh huong cdthexayra.Day chinh la uu diem nd'i bat cd dupe bai giang dien tir nen can khai thac tdi da kha nang lien ke't Nhdsy lien ket ma baigiang duoc Id' ehu'c mot each linh hogt, sinh ddng, phan hoa, thdng fin duoc truy xua't kjp Uidi Cd the khang dinh, de cd ket qua tdt (Xem dep trang 32) Tap chi Gido due so 339 {41 4.Dexuatmdt5d'giai phap gdp phan nang cao hieu qua thuc hanh, thyc tap cua SV ehuyen nganh CTXH dTrudngDHSP HaNpi: 1) Bd'i vdi nha trudng va kboa DT can: xay dyng va trien khai md hinh thyc hanh, thyc tap tai tn/dng nhu phdng tham van, phdng thyc hanh dam bao chat luong eho SV; cai thien nguon tai iieu Hen quan de'n thyc hanh, thyc tap nganh CTXH, khich le vatao dieu kien decho nhdm giao vien hudng dan thyc hanh dupe DT can ban va ehuyen sau d mdt sd nudc cd md hinh CTXH phat trien; dieu chinh thdi lupng thyc hanh va thye tap cho phii hpp; bd' sung, hoan thien chuong frinh thyc hanh, thyc tap phu hpp vdi lihig ndi dung va dap img dupc chat lupng thyc hanh;dd'imdi cdng tac kiem tra, danh gia sau ketlhuc hoatdpng thyc hanh, thyc tap Bill Thi Xuan Mai " T chiic th^c hknh thiJC tap cOng tac xa hai cOng tac xa hOi - tir Ii thuydt de'n thuc tiSn" Ki y€u Hoi thao khoa hpc "Nghiin ciiu vd ddo tgo cdng tdexa hdi qud trinh hdi nhdp vd phdt Iriin" Hh Npi, 2/7/2008 2) Doi vdi cac ca sd tbuc hanh can: tgo dieu kien tdt nhat deSV tiep can vdi edng viec; khdng ngCrng nang cao tay nghe va ehuyen mdn ve CTXH 3^ £Jd; I'd/Sl', can: cd thai dp va nhan thdc dung ve tam quan trpng dd'i vdithye hanh, thyc tap; ludn cd gangvacau thj, linh hoat tung hoatdpng thyc hanh, thyc lap cu the; coy thdc van dung thyc hanh, thyc lap nghe vdi muc dich, djnh hudng va ke hoach rd rang; chu dpng tim kiem cac co sdthye hanh, thye tap ma khdng dpi Nha tn/dng bdtri va s&p xep; ed sy lien he, hpp tae chat che vdi nha tardng qua trinh thyc hanh cua minh, la mot "kenh thdng tin" lot de nha tn/dng dieu chlnh npi dung giang day cho sat vdi thyc lien hon hogt ddng giang dgy, can ed s y chuan bj bai dgy lot Mdc dp dgt duoc cua ket qua bai day ed sy phan anh tuong dng cua cong tac chuan bj bai day Nd la nen lang can ban la nguon gdc cua sy cdng DH Bdi vay, viec nhan thdc dung va du ve chuan bj bai day, nhan thay nguydn nhan ton tgi, td dd tim bien phap khie phuc la mdt viec lam h e t s d e c a n thiet V a d e glai quyet can ban van de nay, mdi GV can ednang lye chuan bj bai dgy Nang lyc can thiet phai dupe bdi dudng, phat trie'n de gdp phan doi mdi giao due, coi "phat trien dpi ngu giao vien" (1) la khau then chdi cua s u dd'i mdi • Cdthendi,thyc hanh, thyctap la mdt nhihig hoat ddng cd y nghTa dae biet quan trpng ddi vdi SV nganh CTXH Qua nhung trai nghiem thyc te tueae dot thyc hanh, thyc tap, SV se nhgn nhdng diem mgnh va han che ve kie'n thdc, kTnang, dong thdi dinh hudng cdng viec cua minh sau tdt nghiep trudng G (1) v a n ki€n Dai hoi dai bieu toikn qud'c iSn t h ^ X I NXB Chinh tri qudc gia - Su thdt, tr 30, 31, H 2012 Tai lieu t h a m k h a o Dang v o Hogt - H^ Thi Dire U lu^n d?y hpc d^i hoc NXB Dgi hpc suphgm, H 2004 Bloom B.S, NguySn t^c phdn lo^i muc ti§u gido d u e (Do&n v a n Di^u djch) NXB Gido d^ic, H 1995 Liru Xuan Moi Ki^m tra, lhanh ira ddnh gid gido due Truong Can bO qu^n li gi&o di^c - dao t^o, H 1999 T d n Trpng Thuy - NguySn Quang U3n TSm U hoc dai cmmg NXB Gido due, H 1998 T^i li^u t h a m khao D^ an nghiSn ciJu "Ddnh gid thuc irgng vd dinh hudng chiin tmc phdt triin cdng Idc x& hpi dViit Nam".Trudng Bgi hpc Lao ddng - Xd hdi va UNICEF, 2005 Doug Durst "DSo tao thirc hanh thiJC tflp- ph^n thiSt y^u cua dam bao chit luong cong tac xa hOi chuySn nghiSp" Hoi thao "Thifc hdnh, thuc tdp ddo igo cdng tde Xd hdi d Vi^l Nam'\ H& Noi, 17-18/10/2006 "Bao cao v^ dho tao ngbnh cOng tSc xa hOi vh nhiJng kinh nghi&m xSy dung chuong trinh d^o tao ng^nh cOng t^c xa hoi ciia Trufmg Dai hoc su pheim H& NOi" HOi nghi tridn khai "Di dn phdt triin nghi cong Idc xd hdi gido d{ie dgi hpc giai dogn 2013-2020", 2013 32 Tap chi Giao due so 339 SUMMARY This paper focuses on the analysis ofpracticum issues for students of Social Work in order to figure out the weaknesses Solutions are given to increase the professionalism in the training social work program of the universities nowadays, Bdi dirong va phat trien nang iyc (Tiep theo trang 41} SUMMARY The article mentions some reasons and drawbacks In preparing lessons of lectures Subsequently, It proposes some solutions to foster and develop lecturers ' ability in preparing lessons These solutions aim at helping lecturers surmount their drawbacks in preparing lessons and gain one of the most vital abilities in modem teaching method (ki 1-8/2014) ... vatao dieu kien decho nhdm giao vien hudng dan thyc hanh dupe DT can ban va ehuyen sau d mdt sd nudc cd md hinh CTXH phat trien; dieu chinh thdi lupng thyc hanh va thye tap cho phii hpp; bd''... gid len ldp lhanh cac hogl ddng nhgn thuc ey the Dya vao cac hogl ddng dd de xay dyng npi dung cho cae trang (hoae cac slide) Tuy theo ndi dung cu the ma thdng lin tren mdi trang/slkJe cd cac... Iri thiet thoi nhat eung cdthe doe thuan lai Nen diing khung, mau nen (background) thd''ng nhat cho cae trang/slide, hgn chesudyng cac mau quaehdi hoae qua tuong phan Khdng nen Igm dyng cac hieu