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THirC TlgN KINH NGHIEM Dao tao bao chi gan vofi 0|nh hirdng tu tudng chinh trj, giao due dao dufc va tinh yeu nghe nghiep cho sinh vien • TS Le TH! NHA Hoc vien Bao chl va Tuy§n truyin Bao cM Men nay[.]
THirC TlgN - KINH NGHIEM Dao tao bao chi gan vofi 0|nh hirdng tu tudng chinh trj, giao due dao dufc va tinh yeu nghe nghiep cho sinh vien • TS Le TH! NHA Hoc vien Bao chl va Tuy§n truyin Bao cM Men da cd s y thay ddi phii hpp vdi tmh bmh, nltiem vu mdi vd nhu cdu, thi Meu ciia cdng chiing Men dai Hdu bet cac c o quan bao cM d i u phdi ty hoach todn kmh doanh, canh ttanh tiidng tm d l tiiu biit s y quan tdm ciia cdng chiing Tuy rtitien, du quan diem ldm bdo co mdi, cd khdc thdi ky bao cdp trudc day tM bao cM vdn ludn ,la mpt nghe ddc biet Hoat ddng bdo chi khdng phai cM tiidng tm vd kmh doanh thong tm mdt cdch don tiiuan San phdm bao cM cdn cd gid tri dinh hudng d u ludn xa hdi, nang cao Mlu Met, trinh d p vdn hda cila quan chiing nhdn ddn D o vay, cdng tdc ddo tao bao cM phai gan vdi viec dinh hudng tu tudng chinh tri, giao dye dao diic, trdch nMem xa hdi va tinh yeu nghe ngMep cho sinh vien nhiing phdng vien, nhd bdo tuong lai Sinli hirong tir tirong chinh tr} Thong tin va tu tudng la hai chiic nang ca ban, quan cua bao chi Nhieu nam truoc day ygu ciu cip bach nhdm dau tranh bdo v$ dit nuac, chiic nang tu tucmg ciia bao chi dupc dtit ISn hdng ddu, Trong flidi dai thong tin, de d ^ Ang nhu cdu cua cdng chiing, chuc nang thong tin lai dupc ddy len phia tru6c Tuy nhien, fliuc t l bao chi hi&a c6 hien tuong chi chii cung cap thong tin ma xem nhe chiic nang tu tuong, dinh huong thong tin Bdo chi la boat dpng chinh tri - xa hpi, bi anh huang, chi phoi bdi chinh tri d nudc ta, bdo chi la ca quan ngon luan ciia cac to chiic ciia Dang, cac co quan Nha nudc, cac t l chiic K3 hpi va la dien dan ciia quan chimg nhan dan Hoat dOng bao cM la hoat dong tham gia vao hoach djnh va to chiic thuc Men cdc nMem vy: Chinh tn, ldnh te, an ninh, qudc phong fren ca sd quyln Ipi cua quoc gia dan toe Tu ttidng nghi nghi?p ciia nha bao the luen qua su nhay cam ve chinh ti\ Vi dy, van de ve biSn gioi, hai dao giiia Vi6t Nam va Trung Qudc Day la vdn d l lich su, keo dai, hit sue phijc tap Chu truong ciia chiing ta la kien quylt giu viing chii quyln qudc gia dira tren ca sd phap luat, yeu t l lich sir va tranh thu sy dong linh iing hp cua the gioi Cupc ddu tranh co nhieu giai doan va giai doan hien tai c6 the chua phai la xong chiln tmdng, cam siing, mau Ngum lam bao phai y thiic dupc dieu de thong tin tranh Sd thdng 4-2016 thai dp kich dpng bao luc, gay khong cang fliang, thii oan gifta hai qudc gia dac biet la nhan dan hai nudc Yiet Nam va Trung Quoc Hoac fliong tm ve cac vu viec tieu circ, tham nhung ciing nen tim hieu de biet rang, tham nhung la van nan khong chi c6 a Viet Nam ma nhieu quoc gia khac tten the gidi, M|c dil d nudc ta, bao chi da phat hien nhieu vu tham nhiing co sy tham gia tiep tay ciia quan chiic nhung bao chi khong the thong tin theo kieu "va diia ca nam" Nhung bai viet binh luan theo kieu danh dong tat ca rat de ddn den tu tuong bi quan, mat niem tin vao doi ngu lanh dao, mat mem tin vao Dang Sy nhay cam chinh tri la mpt yeu cau tat ylu, la phdm chdt khong the thieu ciia nguoi ldm bao Khdng co nhan fliuc chinh tri diing ddn thi ngucri cim biit se trdflianhlac long, mat phuong huong Ciing mpt su ki^n, vdn dk nhung nhan thuc chinh tri khac thi viec chpn lua goc dp, dua phan doan, phan anh va bay to chinh kien khdc Sy nhay ben chinh tn !a co sa tao quan diem, lap truong, ban linh ciia nha bao viec phat hien va bilu duang nhung nhan to tich cue; phe phan nhiing hien tucmg tieu cue; gop phin dinh huong du luan xa hoi mot each kip thdi, diing dan, phu hop voi xu huong tien bp ciia thdi dai Trong chuong trinh dao tao nganh bao chi tai Hpc vien Bao ehi va Tuyen fruyen, da co cac mon hpc nhu: Xdy dung Ly Inan chinh tri & l ^ u y c n thdng 57 THU'C TIEN - KINH NGHIEM Bang, Tu tu&ng Ho Chi Minh, Chu nghia xd hoi khoa hgc, Du&ng loi cdch mgng ciia Ddng cong sdn Dieudangnoi is day la tong the ehuong frinh dao tao cac mdn hpc phai CO su tiep noi, gan ket va timg mon hoc chuyen nganh giang vien phai co y thiic long ghep, dan cai viec dinh huong tu tudng, giao due dao diic va tinh yeu nghe nghiep cho sinh vien bao chi mgt each thuong xuyen, tich cue, phu hpp Cac chuyen de giang day, cac de tai nghien Cliu Idioa hoc, ca cac de tai khoa luan, luan van chuyen nganh bao ehi - tmyen fliong eung nen quan tam hon den nhimg van de chinh tn, tu tuong Ban than giang vien chuyen nganh bao chi phai cap nhat kien thiic chinh tri, ehiu kho tim kiem cac vi du thiet fliuc, dien hinh tir thyc te de phan tich eho sinh vien hieu, nam vimg ban chat ciia van de Tren thuc te, nhieu sinh vien thi^u nhay cam, lech lac tu tuong ehua ndm bat dupc ehu truang, duong loi dung dan Vi vay, can khuyen khich, yeu cau smh vien trang bi them kien thiie, dac biet la kien thiie ve ly Iuan ehinh tri: chu nghia Mac - Lenin va tu tuong Ho Chi Minh; nhiing hieu biet nhat dinh ve tinh hinh chinh tri nuoc, khu vuc va the gidi; ve chii Oucmg, duang loi cua Dang va chinh sach, phap luat ciia Nha nuac Dac biet frong dao tao bao chi a eac bac eao hon nhu thae si, tien sT thi van de cang dupc chil frong vi a frinh dp kha nhieu ngudi la cac can bp, phong vien chii chot hoac phu frach, quan ly tai eae co quan bao chi \^ec giao due, dinh huong tu tuong chinh tri khong chi cho ban than ho ma co tae dung lan toa, dinh huong tu tucmg, y fliiic, tinh than cho cac nha bao co quan bao chi dac biet la cac phong vien tre mai vao nghe Giao due dao dire, tinh nhan van nghi bao Sang tao cac tac pham bao chi la nhiem vu hang cCia phong vien Nguoi lam bao c6 nhan each phai xac dinh moi bai bao la mpt lac pham mang flieo ca dao due, uy lin va frach nhiem ciia minh,,, Bat dau tir khau phat hien, tim kiem de tai Truac vo van cac su kien, van de sinh frong cupe song, chpn van de nao, goc dp hep can nao de thong tin? Trongfliuthap thong tin, tu heu chon nhiing hinh anh, chl tiet nao de phan anh? Va flil hien thi lua chon ngon ngir, idi binh nhu the nao Tat ca cac giai doan sang tao do, doi hoi nguoi phong vien phai dan do, can nhdc Tren mpt so bao hien vln xuat hien nhieu bai vilt tira kiera, khai fliae cac de tai giat gan, c&a khach- Phgm nhdn chuyen gidi khong ddm tdm vi "sg bi nhin vong "(Tn thiic tre - 3.5.2015); Ehrgc co be diddi cho "may mua ", ga trai meu mao vdo tu (Phap luat Viet Nam- 4.5.2015), Dgi gia gdn 80 tuoi "sdt trinh nir" vd "dusuc lay gdi IS 10phiit" {Dai s6ng &Phap luat 28.4,2015); Chuyen it biet ve nhiing cong chuc tre thich "bay": gid met phd vdi nU cong chuc sdnh diiu (Phap luat &Xa hpi 4.12.2013); Cimg khoe vong "khung" nhung ddng cdp Mai Tho khdc Ba 7"w7ig.?(ANTO265.2013) _ Viec khai fhac qua dd ve mot su kien, van de hoac dS cdp tdi nhiing vin d6 rieng tu, nhay cam cua nhirng ngiroi n6i fr£ng ciing de ddn den su vo cam, thieu tinh nhan vaa, Co th6 noi, nhi6u bao dang chay dua voi cac frang mang xa hoi d6 can khach Vi ap lue edu view, vi lpi nhuan nhiing to bao da chap nhan danh doi danh tieng ciia minh Ben eanh do, hnh ttang a dua, an theo, noi leo, khong tim higu va dieu tra ky luong, vd trach nhiem, nen dua thong tin sai lech Dac biet la flidi thifiu tich cue cua nha bao lya chpn, tiep can va phan anh de tai ve mat trai ciia xa hpi ciing dang bao dong Mpt so ngudi tap trung vao phan anh eac vu viec Ueu cue, cai ac, cai xau, it chii y den nhiing nhan to tieh cue, dang neu guang DiSu dang chii y la frong so nhiing bai bao giat gan cau khach tren bao chi hien nay, nhat la tren bao mang dien tii, thap thoang co tac gia la sinh vien Va neu theo doi frong qua frinh cho sinh vien iam bai tap fliuc hanh, di kien t^, thuc tap se thdy khdng it sinh vien nhin nhan, phan anh cac sy viec, hien tupng bing mat thieu tieh eye Do vay, cac bai gidng cua minh, nguni thay can thiie tinh va nhin manh yeu to dao diic cua sinh vien qua thai dp khach quan, cong tam, nhan van ihu thap va xil li thong tm, Nha bao khong vi loi ich hoac v\ nhiing muc dich ea nhan nao ma chi chii y din viee khai thae nhiing thdng tin de to hong hay boi den su that Su b e n bao chi it nhieu da dugc chon lua qua lang kinh chil quan ciia tac gia, Su chon lua ay vira flie hien quyen nang vira the hien frach nhiem va nhan canh cda nha bao thong tin su kien Do vay, dua cM tiet nao vao bai bao khong phai y thich ciia ca nhan, raa nguoi viet phai suy xet dugc y ngMa, tac dpng cua no ddi v6i ngucri, xa hgi Myc dich cuoi ciing ciia mgt phong vien chan chinh la hoat dpng sang tao vi su phat trien tot dep cua eon ngucri frong cpng dong, xa hgi va cao hon niia la vi lpi ich ciia quoc gia, dan tgc Nhung muon thuc hien dupc li tucmg caQ dep ay thi truac het ngucri iam bao phai bat diu tit viec yen thuang, thong cam vdi chinh nhan vat, so phan mfii bai bao Khi khai thae, thu thap tu lieu tir ho, phong vien lu6n cd thai tran frgng mac dil ho chi la mpt ong lao quet rac, mgt ba me ngheo, mpt thuong binh khong eon minh man,, Bao chi c6 siic raanh to ldn frong viec hinh va dinh hudng du luan xa hpi So phan nhiing nhan vat tac phdm bao ehi co thg thay ddi theo chi6u hudng tot len hoac xdu di sau tac phira dugc eong b6 tnnic dong dao cong ehimg Do vay nha bao nen biet khai thae nhu thS nao va bi6t dimg lai d dau Co fruong hgp su Iho a, thieu Ly luan ehinh tri & Truydn thong Sd'thdng 4-2016'i THU'C TI^N - KINH NGHIEM trdch nhiem, sy nhan xet vpi vdng, nhiing dinh kien, nhiing suy dien chii quan ciia phong vien lgi lam h?i chuih cd nhdn, tap the nao bai bdo ciia minh Phong vien khong nen nham vai tro eiia minh voi vai tto cua cong an, cdnh sat hay quan toa, Nhieu phong vien tiep cdn voi "nhdn vat phdn dien" ct goc ddng loai ciing CO the cho la ddi nhimg bai bao hay, co tuih giao due cao Vi du, viet ve til tii, phong vien 6a tap tnmg khai fliac khia canh tinh cam, su sam hoi mugn raang, noi khat khao quyen dugc song cua hp Hoac raieu ta rapt buoi hanh cjuyet song tac gia lai khai thdc nhung chi tiet rat giau tinh nhan van Ke c6 ttong tpi nhung dd chet cung dupe doi xir tii tfi nhu mpt luang dan., Thong tin bdo chi la de thuyet phuc, dinh hudng chii khong phai la cong cy de dan dp tu tuang nguai Nha bdo phdi Idiai thdc nhan vdt va dat nhiing van de ma dong ddo cong chimg quan tam chii khong phai tii sy to mo, hieu ky cda mpt so it nguoi Khi viet bai nhd bdo nen khai thdc nhung ^ nhdn vat ^ dong gop cho cpng dong, xa hpi chii khdng phai chi nghT den mgi bai viet giat gan, gay soc De lam dugt dieu do, ngoai cung cdp ly thuyet va ky nang nghe ngMep, giang vien phdi giao due sinh vien biet thong cam vdi nhdn vdt bai viet, dat minh vao vi tri ciia hp, CO tdm vol nhan \ at frong tac pham cda nunh Qua danh gia, nhan xet tac pham cua smh vien, giang vien ciing phai tich cyc vao cupc, luon tinh tao viee lua chpn, thira dinh goc tiep cdn de tai, phat hien sai sot, nhiing npi dung, chi tiet gay hieu iing ngugc ttong cac tac phara cua sinh vien de uon nan kip thai Tao sy hinig khoi, dam me nghe nghiep Diing nhu nhieu ngudi quan ni?ra, bao chi la nghe vinh quang, dirge xa hgi tdn vinh nhung cilng la nghe kha nhieu nguy hiem, thir thdch, dang cay Tren thk gidi, chiing ta da timg chiing kien nhung nha bdo bi hdnh himg, hi bat coc, bi danh, hi giet., Roi chien tranh, khiing bd, bao luc, thien tai cung cuop di hang tram sinh raang ciia phong vien, nha bao moi nam Theo To chiic phong vien khong bien gioi (RSF), riSng frong nam 2015 CO 67 nha bdo bi giat hai dang tae nghiep va 43 nguoi khac bi ch^t tiong nhung hoan canh khong ro rang Ciing nara 2015, toa soan tap chi eham biam Phap Charlie Hebdo tai Paris, hi xa sung khikn 12 nguai, c6 tdng bien tip duet m ^ g , va 10 ngudi bi thirong Ci Viet Nam mgt s6 nha bao diSu tra cae vu vi?c tieu cue ciing bi ke xiu de dpa, hanh Men rihit la vy nha bao D6 Doan Hoang bi ddi frigng danh d ^ ngon lay Nha bao Vu Van TiSn vua qua ciing ehia se tren VTVl rang nhiau nhd bao co anh dieu tra cac vy viec tieu cue Sd'thdng 4-2016 thuang bi ke xau de dpa, xiic pham., Day la chua ke nhiing trucmg hgp sai sot ve nghiep vy, su flueu can trgng, va rat nhieu nhiing ly khac niia nhtmg eiing khian cho mpt sd phong vien gap "tai nan nghe nghiep", thdm chi rai vao vong lao ly Nghe bao ciing dupc cho la nghe vat va, cang thing, ton nhieu tri lye Khi kiem tra siic khoe hon 1.180 nha bdo, cac bae sy Trung Quoe nhan thdy chi 28 ngudi (chiem 2,4%) khoe manh, ttong so ngudi kiet siic "kinh luen" gap ldn s6 Trong s6 nhiing ngucfi dupc kiem tra, 72% phdn nan ve dp luc cdng viec qua cao, 62% cho rang hp khong duac ngii thudng xuyan, mot niia co thi lyc kem va ciing gan bang so eo eae benh man tinh Mgt sinh vien bao chi yeu nghe phai hiau ro dac diem eung nhu nhiing yeu cau dat ddi voi nguoi lam nghe Nau chi nhin thay ve "hao nhoang" ben ngoai, ao tuang ve site manh ciia "quyan lyc thii tu" rad khong chuan bj tam ly de chip nhan nhiing thir thach, tham ehi ddng cay rad minh co the se phai doi mat, sinh vian se eo dao dgng Irong qua trinh hpc tap va tae nghiep, Thuong thi sinh vian bao cM nara nhat, nara hai co nhiau hoai vpng, "do tudng" vfi ngha hon Sinh vien nam ba, nam tu bat dau phai di thyc te lam bai tap, cgng tdc viet bai, di kien tap, thyc tap Tiap xiic vai thuc tien th5y kho khan, vat va cac em rat da co tam ly that vgng, hoang raang vdi ngha nghiep cua minh Ben canh nhung smh vien nang no, tich cue, yeu ngha, eung c6 mot so em hoi da tra lai that rang sau tot nghiep minh se khong theo nghe, khong tru lai dupc voi nghS Trong so sinh vien co cau tra lai nhu the khong phai vi khong CO nang lyc lam bao ma nan chi, sp kho, sg vat va, hoac nhirng chuydn phian phirc khac Trong qua trmh giang day, giang vien phai la ngucri thdi biing len va fri nggn lita dara ma ngha nghiep ttong sinh vian Ban flian giang vien ciing phai la nguai yeu ngha bao Tmh yeu ay fliam dara frong cac bai giang ciia thay co, Chinh dieu ay da thu hiit sinh vien, la dpng lyc khoi ggi, fliiic giuc lam cae em fliich flitl, say me voi nghe ban Nhd truang, Khoa va cae thay co cung tao dieu kien hon niia da sinh vien dupc giao liru, kat noi, chia se voi cac nha bao gioi, yeu nghe, tii tmyen cho sinh vian cam hiing, kinh nghiera va ban Enh de dan than ttong boat dgng nghe nghiep cua minh Nha van, nha bao Nguyin Tuan tnroc day da timg viat: Nau chiing ta lam cho say, cho tot cung voi nghe thi chung ta se dat tai "cai than" ciia nghe Vdi sy no lyc khong ngimg hpc t|p, ren luyen, cung vdi su dmh hudng, giao dye ciia thay eo lara cong tac dao tao frong Hpc vian Bao chi va Tuyen truyen, chac chan sinh vian bao ehi se dat tdi dinh cao nghe nghiep ma minh lua chon.D Ly InSn chinh tri & l^uy^n thong ... dien tii, thap thoang co tac gia la sinh vien Va neu theo doi frong qua frinh cho sinh vien iam bai tap fliuc hanh, di kien t^, thuc tap se thdy khdng it sinh vien nhin nhan, phan anh cac sy... kien, van de sinh frong cupe song, chpn van de nao, goc dp hep can nao de thong tin? Trongfliuthap thong tin, tu heu chon nhiing hinh anh, chl tiet nao de phan anh? Va flil hien thi lua chon ngon... chii chot hoac phu frach, quan ly tai eae co quan bao chi \^ec giao due, dinh huong tu tuong chinh tri khong chi cho ban than ho ma co tae dung lan toa, dinh huong tu tucmg, y fliiic, tinh than cho