TAP CHi KHOA HOC DHSP TPHCM Ngo Minh Oanh ^THV''''C TR^NG NANG LlTC DAY HOC TICH HOfP CUA GIAO VIEN TRUNG HOC CO SOf Of CAC TiNH KHU VÛ C NAM BQ NGO MINH OANH* TOM TAT Bdi bdo trinh bdy thuc trgng nhdn[.]
TAP CHi KHOA HOC DHSP TPHCM Ngo Minh Oanh ^THV'C TR^NG NANG LlTC DAY HOC TICH HOfP CUA GIAO VIEN TRUNG HOC CO SOf Of CAC TiNH KHU VU^C NAM BQ NGO MINH OANH* TOM TAT Bdi bdo trinh bdy thuc trgng nhdn thirc vd ndng lire dgy hpc tich hgp (DHTH) hien cua ddi ngu gido vien (GV) trung hpc ca sd (THCS) cdc tinh thudc khu vuc Nam Bg Kit qud nghien ciru cho thdy GV da co nhihig hieu biit ca bdn vi DHTH vd cd cdc ndng luc ddp irng yeu cdu DHTH Tuy nhien GV chua nhgn thuc mgt cdch sdu sdc bdn chdt cu DHTH, muc dgt dugc vi cdc ndng luc DHTH chua cao Tirkhda: nhan thirc va nang luc, day hgc tich hgp, uu dilm, han chi ABSTRACT The reality of secondary school teachers' integrated teaching competence in the South of Vietnam The article presents the reality of secondary school teachers' perception and competence of integrated teaching in the South of Vietnam Results show that teachers have developed a basic understanding of integrated leaching and competences required b integrated teaching However, teachers still show a lack of a deep understanding of the nature of integrated teaching, and the levels of competences in integrated teaching are n high Keywords: perception and competence, integrated teaching, strengths and weakness Dgt van de Trong De an ddi mdi chuang trinh va sach giao khoa sau nam 2015, cu the la chuong trinh Giao dye phd thdng tdng the, Bg Giao due va Dao tao (GD&DT) da xac dinh se giam bdt mdn hge, thyc hien tich hgp cao d cap tieu hgc va THCS; phan hda d cap trung hgc phd thdng (THPT) "Giao due phd thdng 12 nam, gdm hai giai d o ^ : Giai d o ^ giao due CO ban (gdm cap tidu hge nam va cap THCS nam) va giai doan dinh hudng nghe nghiep (cdp THPT nam)" [1] Nhiing ngi dung co ban ciia giao due phd thdng sd duge trang bi cho hgc sinh (HS) d bac hgc THCS, cdn d THPT se la cap hgc dinh hudng nghe nghiep Nhu vay chuong trinh phd thdng mdi, cap hgc THCS se la mdt cdp hgc cd vai trd rat quan trgng tien trinh giao due phd thdng Xuat phat tir tdm quan trgng cua cap hgc, de gdp phan vao cdng cude ddi mdi can ban, toan dien giao due, de tai nghidn ciiu ve thuc trang nhan thiic va nang lyc DHTH cua ddi ngG GV THCS khu vyc Nam Bd nhdm muc dich danh gia dung thyc trang va lam co sd dd xuat cac giai phap nang cao nang lyc DHTH eho GV THCS khu vyc Nam Bd ndi rieng va ca nudc ndi chung PGS TS, Tm-dng Dai hpc S u phgm TPHCM; Email: ngominhoanh@yahoo.com.vn TAP CHi KHOA HOC OHSP TPHCM To chijc nghien ciru 2.1 Mau khdo sdt Nhdm nghien cuu da tien hanh khao sat d eae tinh, thudc khu vyc Nam Bd, tap trung vao tinh chu yeu la Binh Duong, Ben Tre va Kien Giang Day la nhiing tinh tieu bleu cd the dai dien cho cae tinh Nam Bd Sd phieu phat la 1.500, dd cd 1.150 philu hdi danh cho GV va 350 phieu danh cho can bd quan li (CBQL) giao due cae cap Nhdm nghien eiiu thu ve khoang 1.400 phieu, dd nhimg phieu cd ddy du cac thdng tin la 1.300 Nhiing phieu cd tin cay cao, la nhiing phieu dieu tra ehinh cac thay cd tryc tiep dimg Idp d cac trudng THCS va cac CBQL cac cap tra ldi 2.2 Cong cu khdo sdt Cdng cu nghien cuu chinh la phieu khao sat gdm cd 12 cau hdi, mdi cau hdi cd 10 ndi dung, tdng cgng phieu hdi cd khoang 100 thdng tin can dugc GV va CBQL cung cap Ba ndi dung chinh ma phieu hdi de cap la: nhan thirc cua GV THCS vl DHTH; danh gia thyc h ^ g nang lyc DHTH cua GV THCS va danh gia ciia CBQL ve kha nang dap ling ciia GV ddi vdi cac nang lyc DHTH theo yeu cau ddi mdi giao due 2.3 Ph irffng ph dp xu li s6 lieu S6 4(82) ndm 2016 Thdng ke sd lieu theo ti le % ciia timg chi sd va toan cau hdi Ket qua nghien cmi 3.1 Thirc trgng nhgn thuc vi DHTH cua GV THCS cdc finh khu vuc Nam Bg 3.1.1 vi trinh dp ddo tgo (xem bieu 1) Ti le tdt nghiep dai hgc chiem khoang 68,5%, trinh cao ddng su pham chiem 19,4%, tham nien giang day dudi 10 nam chiem 17,1%, sd GV cd tham nien tir tren 10 nam trd len chilm 60,23% Dieu cho thdy sd GV cd kinh nghiem giang day chiem mdt ti le kha cao Tuy nhien sd GV cd tudi ddi va mdi nghe cao se la mdt bg phan ngai ddi mdi, han che ve kha nang edng nghe va tiep can vdi cac phuong phap, kT thuat day hgc mdi Dieu dang luu y la phan ldn GV dugc dao tao don mdn, nhung cung cd mgt ti le ldn (chiem 16,7%) la nhimg GV dugc dao tao hai mdn vdi md hinh rat da dang nhu: Toan - Li, Toan - Cdng nghe, Hda - Sinh, Hda - Li, Hda - Cdng nghe, Hda - Dia, Li - Cdng nghe, Li - Tin hgc, Sinh - Cdng nghe Khdi cac mdn khoa hgc xa hdi nhan van thi cd cac md hinh: Van - Su, Van - Dia, Van - GDCD, Sir - Dia Day la bd phan GV ma thyc hien DHTH se cd nhilu thuan lgi hon GV dugc dao tao dan mdn TAP CHi KHOA HOC DHSP TPHCM Ngo Minh Oanh Bieu Trinh ddo tgo cua dgi ngQ GV THCS khu vuc Nam Bg n Cao dSng ^ Oai hQC s Thpc s^ HTi^nsy 3.1.2 Nhdn thuc vi su cdn thiet cda DHTH Hdu het GV deu nhan thuc dugc su can thiet phai DHTH nhu tranh dugc su trung lap, tiet kiem thdi gian va cdng siic cua GV; giam thdi gian hge H thuyet tang thuc hanh va nhimg boat ddng trai nghiem, sang tao cho HS; DHTH lam cho cac ndi dung hgc tap xich lai gan vdi ddi sdng hon, lam cho giao due thiet thyc va cd y nghTa hon Tuy nhien, ve li sau xa ciia DHTH, thi eac thay cd chua hieu sau, nhu mgi sy vat hien tugng ty nhien va xa hdi deu cd mdi lien he vdi nhau, mudn nhan biet toan dien, day dii cac sy vat, hien tugng ay phai huy ddng kiln thiic va kT nang ciia nhieu ITnh vyc khac Cd den 56,2% cho la binh thudng, ehi cd 20,7% la ddng y vdi li 3.1.3 Su hiiu biet ve nhung ngi dung DHTH (xem biiu dd 2) Sy hieu biet ve nhutig ndi dung DHTH cua GV THCS cung nhidu bdt cap GV hieu dugc khai niem DHTH la sy lien ket cac ddi tugng giang day, hgc t9.p ciing mgt mdn hgc hoac mdt sd mdn hgc khac qua trinh day hgc Dd la su Idng ghep, sy ket hgp cac ndi dung cac phan mdn mdt mdn hgc hoac ndi dung ciia cac mdn hgc vdi nhimg each thiic (ndi dung, phuong phap, kT nang) khac Tuy nhien, phan ldn GV chua hieu dugc cae hinh thiic (each thuc) tich hgp GV cdn liing tiing viec phan biet cac quan diem va each thuc DHTH "da mdn", "Hen mdn", "xuyen mdn" la nhu the nao TCr dd, viec phan biet eae phuang phap va hinh thuc td chiic d£iy hgc nhu day hgc theo du an; day hgc theo chu de; day hgc giai quyet van de; va van dung mgt sd kT thuat day hgc chua phii hgp va edn lung tung Sd 4(82) ndm 2016 TAP CHI KHOA HOC DHSP TPHCM Biiu Nhdn thuc cua GV THCS vi cdc vdn di cita DHTH 3.1.4 Cdch thuc tien hdnh DHTH (xem biiu 3) Bieu dudi day cho thay phan ldn GV (tren 55%) deu cho rang cac each thiic dgy hgc da neu deu la day hgc lien mdn, dieu dd chimg td GV chua nam dugc nhiing muc tieu co ban cua DHTH la "tranh tning lap ve ngi dung thudc cac mon hgc khac nhau; tao mdi quan he giiia cac mdn hgc vdi va vdi kien thuc thyc tien; tao co hgi de hinh va phat trien nang lire, dac biet la cac nang Iuc thyc tien"' Trong cac each thiic day hgc d bieu tren bao gdm ca day hoc lien mdn, da mdn va xuyen mdn Bieu ^ Cdc cdch thirc tien hdnh DHTH N«i hoc tap hoc tap vdo phat thvc trien hi9n thdng dt^ nSng li/c N4i hoc tap thidt k4 thdnh m«t chudi A Trong CAc mat chO m ^ i hoc Mhoc vfin tap cOa airoc m4t mOn tiAp can hoc 0^ra rMng rS them ki4n nen TAP CHi KHOA HOC OHSP TPHCM 3.2 Thirc trgng ndng lire DHTH cua GV THCS khu vuc Nam Bd Nang lye day hgc la yeu td quyet dinh chat lugng, hieu qua hoat dgng day hgc cua GV, nd gdm td hgp cac td nhu kha nang nh|in thiic, kiln thiic, kha nang thyc hanh, dgng co, thai cua GV dap ling nhihig yeu cau cua hoat ddng day hgc DHTH ciing la qua trinh boat d^ng dgy hgc nhung la qua trinh day hge chu trgng giiip HS phat trien kha nang huy ddng tdng hgp kien thiic, kT nang thudc nhieu ITnh vyc khac de giai quyet cd hidu qua cac van de hge tap va cugc song Tren co sd quan niem tren, chiing tdi tien hanh xem xet miic dat dugc ve nang lyc DHTH cua GV 3.2,1 Thuc trgng ndng lire chuyen mdn cda GV tien hdnh dgy tich hgp a) Nhdn thuc cda GV vi tdm quan trgng cda cdc kiin thiic DHTH Phan ldn GV deu nhan thiic dugc de DHTH cdng trudc het GV phai gidi kien thiic mdn hgc ma minh dam nhan, 85,5% GV cho yeu cau la quan trgng va rat quan trgng; ve tam quan trgng cae kien thiic nin tang ma GV DHTH edn phai bidt nhu kien thurc triet hgc, kinh te, xa hdi, van hda ddi vdi cac mdn xa hdi - nhan van; va triet hgc, toan, kien thiic ve tu nhien ddi vdi cac mdn khoa hgc ty nhien, cd 72,4% cho la quan trgng va rat quan trgng Cd 79,1% GV cho rang yeu cdu vi ndm vdng kiin thuc vd Id ndng vi tdm li hgc, gido due hgc, phucmg phdp dgy hgc bp mdn la quan trgng va rat quan trgng Tuy nhien, ciing cd mgt bd phgn GV cho rang nhiing kien thiic nin tang ia binh thudng (24,7%) va khdng quan trgng (2,9%) Dac biet la Ngo Minh Oanh kien thirc ve cdng nghe thdng tin va ngoai ngtr, cd 23,5% GV cho la binh thuang; ve kha nang ty hgc, tu nghien cuu cd 20,7% GV cho la binh thudng Nhu vay GV ehi coi trgng nhimg kien thirc mdn hgc cu the ma chua thay dugc tam quan trgng ciia nhung kien thiic nen tang va edng cu Trong thyc te thi nhiing kien thdc va nang lyc nen tang va cdng cu ed vai trd rat ldn viec dam bao cdng cho DHTH b) Ddnh gid muc dgt dugc cua GV ve kiin thuc phuc vu DHTH So vdi nhan thiic ve tam quan trgng cua kien thiic thi muc dat dugc ve kien thuc DHTH, theo ket qua tu _ danh gia cua GV, cd ti le thap ban nhieu Vi kien thuc bp mon ma GV dam nhan cd 71,4% GV ty danh gia la tdt va rat tdt, ed 26,4% GV tu danh gia la binh thudng Vdi cdc kien thiec nin tdng thi cd 57,3% GV danh gia tdt va rdt tdt, cd din 38,4% tu danh gia la binh thudng Ti le GV ty danh gia dat dugc d miic binh thudng cac tieu chi khac cung kha cao, nhu kidn thiic ve cac phuang phap day hgc tich cyc 26,0%; kien thiic ve tam li hgc, giao dye hge 33,1%; kien thiie ve ngoai ngii, tin hgc 38,0%; va kien thiic ve ty hgc, ty nghien ciiu 31,8% Nhu vay, cdn mdt ti Ie GV khoang tren dudi 30% ty danh gia vl nang lye d miic binh thudng Day cung la mdt sd dang lo ngai bg phan tien hanh DHTH, vi yeu cdu ciia day hgc tich hgp ddi hdi kiln thiic bd mdn va lien mdn ciia GV cao hon nhidu 3.2.2 Thuc trgng vi ndng luc nghiep VIA ciia GV DHTH a) Nhgn thicc vi tdm quan trpng cua nhirng ndng luc cdn thiit ddp ung DHTH (xem biiu 4) 17 Sd 4(82) ndm 2016 TAP CHi KHOA HOC DHSP TPHCM Biiu db Nhdn thuc cua GVvi nhimg ndng iuc cdn thiit cho DHTH R ^ q u a n trpng Quan trpng Binh ttii/dmg KhOng (pian irtfng R^t khdng quan trpng C C6 C6 1.C6 nang Min h i i u bi4t n^ng Ivc thOc ifin v day li/c khat chuyAn ngdnh hpc tich thdcsi> mdn sdu r^ng hop dung thdng tm e C 5.C6 nSng nSng l^c d w ã hoc tich h? thuyfit c y c a^t v