JOURNAL OF SCIENCE OF HNUE DOI 10 1817 1/2 ^54 1 t)75 20l fi OOtW EdiicalionalSci, 2015 Vol 60 No I pp ^O "?? This paper is available online at hnp //stdb,hnue edu vn HINH THANH, BOI DUONG NANG LCC OA[.]
JOURNAL OF SCIENCE OF HNUE EdiicalionalSci, 2015 Vol 60.No I p p ^O-."?? This paper is available online at hnp://stdb,hnue edu.vn DOI- 10.1817.1/2.^54-1 t)75.20l fi-OOtW HINH THANH, BOI DUONG NANG LCC OAY HOC CHO SINH VIEN SU PHAM NGANH TOAN HOC T r i n h T h a n h H a i ' T r a n T r u n g Tinh"^ ^ Phdng Ddo igo, Tnfdng Dai hoc Khoa hgc Dgi hgc Thdi Nguyen; ^ Phdng Tgp chi vd Thdng lin Khoa hgc cdng nghe, Trudng Dgi hgc Sif phgm Hd Nf)i Tom tat Bai bao tilp can van de hinh thanh, bdi dUdng nang lUc day hoc cho s,inh vien sU pham theo gdc tiep can nhieu mat de dUa mpt ,sd djnh hUdng cu the gdp phan hinh Ihanh, bdi dudng cho sinh vien sU pham ngiinh Toan hoc nhflng nang lUc day hoc cd ban noi rieng, nang lUc nghe nghiep ndi chung Tif khda: Ndng lift dgy hnc loan: Hhih ihdnh bdt dudng ndng life Jay hoc Mol dau ChUdng trinh day hoc truyin thdng cd the gpi la chfldng Irinh giao due "djnh hUdng ndi dung" day hoc hay "dinh hudng dau van" (diiu khien dau vao) Dac die'm cd bdn cua chUdng trinh giao due dinh hUdng ndi dung la chu vile Iruyin thu he thdng tri thflc khoa hpc theo cac mon hpc da dUdc quy dinh chUdng trinh day hoc NgUdi la chii irong viec trang bj chn ngUdi hoc he Ihdng tri ihflc khoa hoc khach quan v l nhilu linh vUc khac Tuy nhien chfldng Irinh giao due dinh hudng ndi dung cbUa chu irnng day dii d i n chii Ihe ngUdi hpc cung nhU den kha nang flng dung In thflc da hpc nhflng tinh hudng thUc tien Ngay chUdng Irinh day hnc djnh hudng npi dung khdng cdn thich hdp, dd cd nhflng nguyin nhdn sau: Ti i ihflc ihay ddi va bj lac hau nhanh chdng, vile quy dinh cflng nhac nhflng npi dung chi till Irong chUdng tiinh day hpc dan den tinh trang ndi dung chUdng trinh day hpc nhanh bj lac hau so vdi tn ihflc hien dai; Kiem tra, danh gia chu ylu dUa trin vile kiem tra khd nang ldi h i i n tri Ihflc ma it dinh hUdng van kha ndng van dung iri thflc nhflng tinh hudng IhUc lien; Siin pham gido due Id nhflng ngUdi mang linh Ihu ddng, han c b l kha ndng sdng lao va ndng ddng [IJ Nham nang cao chat lUdng ddi ngii giao v i l n ndi chung va gido viln day bp mdn Toan ndi rieng Irong IUdng lai cd pham chat, nang lUc day hoc phu hdp vdi xu hUdng gido due quoc l i Dd la gido due theo dinh hUdng nang luc, nhan manh vai trd cua ngUdi hpc vdi tU each chu the eiia qua trinh nhan Ihflc D e dat dUdc muc lieu dd tbi ngUdi giao vien Toan d IrUdng trung hoc phd thdng IUdng lai can phdi phai huy ndng Iuc cua ngudi day nhU Ihl nao'' D l tra Idi chn cau hdi irln, bdi bao ndy chung ldi nghien cflu cac vdn d l chinh' Tdng quan ve nang lUc day hoc; Ndng Iflc day hpc Todn d tiirdng trung bpc thdng; Tfl dn neu mot sd dinh hfldng nhiim hinh ihdnh, phai tnen ndng Iflc day hpc Toan cbo smh vien Dai hnc SU pham Ngiiy nhan bai; 17/07/2014 Ngay nhan dang 12/01/201.S Lien he: Trin Trung Tmh, e-mail linhtckh@ginail com Hinh thdnh bdt dudng ndng life dgy hgc cho sinh viin suphgm nganh Todn hgc Noi dung nghien cmi 2.1 Tong quan ve nang lite day hoc 2.1.1 Quan niem ve nang lire Khai nilm nang lUc da dUde ndi din ifl rat lau, nd cd ngudn gdc tieng Latinh "competenlia", cd nghTa la gap gd Theo iieng Anh, "competence" ed nghia la nang lUe hay kha nang, hoac cdn cd nghia Id thdm quyin Ngay nay, nang lUc cdn dUdc hieu then nhilu nghia khiic [4] Theo [2], Tfl diln Tiing Vill Hoang Phe (chu biln) thi ndng lUc en the dUdc hil'u theo hai net nghia: (I) Chi mdi khd ndng diiu kiin tu nhiin ed sdn de thue hiin mot hoal ddng ndo dd tflc la mpl kha nang cd thUc, dUdc bdc Id thdng qua vile ihanh thao mdt hoac mdt sd ki nang nao dd cua ngudi hpc; (2) Ld mdt pham chat lam sinh li igo cho ngudi cd khd ndng dehodn thdnh mdt hogt dgng ndo ed chdi lugng cao ifle la ndng lUc la mdt cai gi dd san cd d dang liiin nang eua ngUdi hpe cd the giup bp giai quyit nhflng linh hudng cd IhUc cude st^ng Nhu vay, tfl hai net ngbia Irln, chung la cd the hieu nang Iflc la mpl cai gi dd vfla tdn lai d dang tilm nang vfla la mpt kha nang dfldc bdc Id thdng qua qua Irinh giai quylt nhflng linh hudng cd Ihflc cudc sdng Kbi'a canh hien thuc cua nang lUc la cai ma nha trUdng cd the id chflc binh va danh gia ngUdi hoc Cd the tham khao them mpl so each hieu ve khai nilm "nang Iflc" nhU sau: Theo tam li hpc: "Nang lUc la td hdp nhflng Ihudc tinh ddc dao cua ca nhan phu hdp vdi nhflng ylu cau dac tnjfng cfla mdt boat ddng nhat djnh nham dam bao cho boat ddng dd cd kit qua tdt"; Theo P.A Rudich' "Nang lUc la ti'nh chal tam sinh li cua ngUdi chi phoi qua trinh tiep thu cac kien thflc, ki nang va kT xao cung nhU hieu qud thUc hiln mdt hoat ddng nhal dinh"; Theo John Erpenbeck, "Nang Iuc dUdc iri ihflc lam cd sd, dUdc sfl dung nhu kha nang, dUdc quy dinh bdi gia tri, dUde lang cUdng qua kinh nghiem va dUdc hien thUc boa qua y chi"; Theo [3], quan mem ctia cbUdng trinh gidd due thdng cua Quebec (Canada) thi "Ndng lUc la sU kll hdp mpl each linh hoat vd ed to chflc kiin thflc, kT nang vdi thdi dp, tinb cam, gia Irj, ddng cd ea nhan, nham dap flng hieu qua mdt ylu cau phflc hpp eua boat ddng bdi canh nhal djnh" Cd the nhan thay diem chung col ldi cua cac each hil'u irln ve khai nilm nang lUc chinh la kha ndng van dung kiln thflc, kl nang va san sang giai quyit cac Iinh huong Nhfl vay, nang lUc la mpt Ihudc linh lam li phflc hdp, la diem hdi tu ciia nhiiu yeu to nhu kien thflc, kT nang, kT xao, thai dp, kinh nghiem, sU sdn sdng hanh ddng va trach nhiem Khai niem nang lUc gan lien vdi kha ndng hanh ddng 2.1.2 Qua trinh hinh thanh, phat trien nang Iflc theo goc Tam li hoc Hinh va phat trien nang lUc la mdt qud Irinb phflc tap Ban than qua trinh hinh nang luc la mdt qua trinh mang linh chat ehinh ihe va chpn ven nbUng rat phflc tap cua sfl phdt trien nhan each boat ddng va bang boat ddng Ngudn gdc phat sinh vd qud trinh phat tril'n ndng Iuc la mdt van di phflc tap, man theo quy luat chung eua sU phat trien nhan cdeh Cae nha tdm If hpc lam cbo rang, nang lUc la cai bam sinh, trdi phii eho eon ngUdi Cac nha tam li hpc vat biln ehflng lai cbo rang, nang lUc, nhan each khdng phai la cai bam sinb, ma la cai dUdc binh thanh, bdc Id va phat trien qua trinh eon ngUdi hoal ddng vd giao lUu, giao tiep Nang IUc eua ngUdi dUdc hinh va phat trien dUdi anh cua nhilu yeu to [6,7]: - Yeu td tu nhien - sinh hgc: Vai trd cua di truyin Irong sU hinh va phdt trien nang ItTc di truyin Id sU tai lao d tre em nhflng thudc tinh sinh bpc da cd d cha me, la sU di truyen lai eua cha me din cai nhflng dac diem va nhflng pha'm chat nhil djnh da dfldc ghi lai he thong gen Di iruyin l^o nhflng dieu kiln ban dau de ngUdi cd the hoat ddng cd kit quan irong mpl linh vUc nhat djnh Tuy nhien dilu dd cbi tao nen tiln di vat chat cho sU hinh va phat 31 Trmh Thanh Hai, Tran Trung Tmh trien nang lUc Stl cdng mpt ITnh vUe nao dd phdn Idn phu thudc vao hoan canh tbUc lien vao lao ddng bpc tap, ren luyln cung nhu viec tich luy kinh nghiem cua ca nhan - Yiu td mdi trudng xd hdi: Mdi ngUdi deu hoat dpng mdi mdi trUdng xa bdi nhat dinh, mdi irUdng gdp phan lao nen ddng cd, muc dieh, phUdng tien, hanh ddng va ddc bill cbo hoat ddng giao lUu cua moi ca nhan vdi xa hdi ma nhd dd mdi ca nhan thu dUdc nhflng kinh nghiim cua xa hpi loai ngUdi va biln nd eua minh Cung ehinh nhd su giao lUu vdi mdi tnrdng xa hdi, ngudi mdi bill dUdc boat ddng cua minh cd y nghia nhu thi nao, ed ldi ich nhU ihi nao, cd phCi bdp vdi thilc tl hay khong, tfl dd diiu chinh hoat dpng cua minh de mang lai hieu qua cang cao Thdng qua dd, nang lUc cua ngUdi cang dUdc phat irien Cd the ndi hoan canh xa hdi (trong dd gmo due ddng vai Ird chu dao) quyit djnh den vile hinh va phat trien nang lUc cua eon ngUdi (vi gido due cd ndi dung, chUdng trinh, muc dich, phUdng hudng, biln phap, dUdng de di din muc dich dd) - Yiu to hogt ddng cua chii ihe'- Hoat dpng eua ca nhdn ddng vai trd quylt dinh trUc tilp din sU binh va phat tnen nang Iuc De hinh Ihanh va phdt trien ndng lUc mdt ITnh vUc boat ddng nan dd, cd nhdn phai iham gia vao hnat ddng true tilp, hpc hdi kinh nghiem eua loai ngfldi, ITnh hdi tilp thu nen van hoa xa hdi mdt each tich cUc, say me vdi mpl y chi nghj lUc phi thudng, khac phuc moi khd khdn, kien tri di tdi dich mdi dat dUdc kit qua lot Nhilu nha khoa hpc loi lac diu cho rang: "Thien lai, chin mUdi chin phan nam la lao ddng, cbi cd mpl phan tram la bam sinb" Ndi nbU vay cd nghTa bang boat ddng cua mdi ca nhan, biln qud trinh dao tao eua xa hpi, cua gia dinh, cua nha irUdng qud trinh dao tao cua mdi ngudi Vi vay, nlu ca nhan khdng true lilp boat ddng: Hpc tap, lao dpng, hoat dpng xd hdi, hoat ddng nghl nghilp tbi khdng the hinh tbanb va phat trien nang lUc Hoat dpng cung chinh Id sU giao tiep irUc lilp, gian tilp vdi eac moi quan he ngUdi - ngUdi, qua dd ca nhan se nhan minh, Ihe hien minh bang su nhin nhdn ddnh gia eua ngUdi khde vl nang lUe, tai nang cua minh, de tfl dd ca nhan lU y thflc, lU danh gia, lU giao due, tU dilu chinh boat ddng eua ban than de lam nhilu gia Iri vai chat tinh than cho xa bdi, cho ban than mpt tot dep hdn Dilu dd khang dinh nang lUc, tai nang cua moi ngUdi ehi cd the dUde binh hoat ddng, thdng qua hoat ddng va bang hoal ddng cua ed nhan Vi vay gia tri cao nhat cua nhdn each cnn ngUdi dn Id san pham boat dpng Giao due Id mdt boat ddng chuyin mdn eua xa bdi nham hinh va phdt irien nhan each eho ngUdi (trong dd cd nang lUc) theo nhflng ylu cau ciia xa hdi nhflng giai doan Ijch sfl nhat dinh Nhin chung, mpi ngfldi deu cd kha ndng tiep thu dUdc mdt so kien Ihflc, kT nang, ki xao nhat dinh Se van dung vao thUe tl TUy nhiin, Irong dilu kiln nhU tbi nhflng ngUdi khae cd the tiip thu cac kiln thflc, kT nang, ki xao dd vdi nhip dp khac nhau; mdt ngudi cd the lilp Ihu nhanh ehdng, ngUdi khac lai phai mat rat nhieu thdi gian va sflc lUc Mdt ngUdi cd the dal trinh dp dilu luyen, cdn ngUdi khac du cd eo gdng hit mfle vSn cbi dal d mflc dd trung binh Ndng Iuc la nhflng sfl khae bilt tdm 11 ca nhan lam cho ngUdi ndy khac ngUdi Nang luc khong phai la bdt ki nhflng sU khde ca bill chung chung nao dd, ma la nhflng sU khac bill ed liln quan din bilu qua cua viec thuc hien mdt hoat dpng nao dd Nang lUc cua ngUdi khdng phai la yiu to bat biln suot cudc ddi Trong qud trinh phat trien, cac nang Iflc tri ml cua ngudi ihay ddi khdng ehi vl cUdng (sd lUdng), ma cdn Ihay doi ca vl chat, ve vdn de cd y nghia hit sflc quan trpng day hpc, kbi xdc dinh hinh tbanb, boi dUdng ndng lUc nao, d mfle dp nao la ed ban, phu bdp, tad tiln dl cbo sU phat trien loan diln nang lUc ca nhdn sau 2.1.3 Qua trinh hmh thanh, phat trien nang Itfc theo gdc dp Giao due hoc Sit hinh Ihanh va phat trien ndng lUc cua ngUdi hoc phai thdng qua chinh boat ddng cua hp Irong mii quan he vdi cdng ddng Bdi vay, nha trudng hien dai phai la nha inldng hoat ddng, ldy 32 Hinh thdnh bdi dudng ndng luc dgy hgc cho sinh vien sU phgm nganh Todn hgc boat ddng eua ngUdi hpc lam dpng lUc ehinh de dal muc dieh dao tao Chi cd day hpc Irong nha trudng mdi ed kha ndng tao dUde nhflng boat ddng da dang, phong phu can thiet, tao dieu kien de phat tril'n nhflng nang lUe khac d ngfldi hpc, phu bdp vdi nang khilu bam sinh cua hp va ylu cau cua xa hdi Tiry nhien eung can phai ehu y tao diiu kiln cho mdi ca nhan giao Iflu vdi cdc viln khae nha trudng, gia dinb va xd hpi Chinh trpng day hpc cd the lUa ebon nhiing binh thfle boat ddng Cd sU djnh hudng chinh xdc se giup ngUdi hpe sdm y thflc dUdc nhflng ylu chx cua xa hdi ddi vdi hoat ddng cua mdi ngUdi U-ong nhflng ITnh vflc khac Nha trUdng cung lich luy dUdc nhflng phUdng phap to chflc hoai ddng bpc tap eua ngUdi bpc cd bieu qua eao, tranh dUde sU md mam cua mdi ca nhan Nhu vay giao due, day hpe ed the mang lai nhflng bilu qua tiin bp eho mdi ngUdi hpc ma cac yiu to khac khdng the cd dUde Dac bilt day hpe cd the di trudc sU phdt trien, tbue day sU phdt tril'n Tiiy nhiin, day hpe cd kha nang dinh hUdng, thuc day phdt trien nang Itic cua ngUdi hpc tbi eung cd kha nang gd ep ngfldi hpe theo mdt khuon mau cflng nhac, dd han chi sU phat trien da dang hp To ebfle eho ngUdi hpc boat dpng tich cUc, tU lUc de chilm ITnb in Ihflc, binh tbanb nang luc la pbUdng phap biJu bilu dl" khac phuc xu bUdng xau dd 2.2 Nang luc day hoc Toan b trurbng trung hoc thong 2.2.1 Cac nang Itfc to cd ban cua nang Itfc day hoc Toan Theo [6,7], chflc nang cua ngUdi giao vien day bpc Toan, cd the pban bill bai nbdm nang lue: Nbdm nang lUc day bpc Todn va nbdm nang iUc gido due (nghia hep) Trnng thUc te, ngUdi giao vien thUe hien ebfle nang day hpc va giao due mpt each dan xen, hod quyen vdi Sau ddy, chung tdi de xuat mpl so nbdm nang Iflc sfl pham cd ban cua ngUdi giao viln nhu sau: Ndng luc chan doan nhu cau vd dgc dii'm doi tugng day hgc Todn Trong thi gidi giao luu rdng rai, hpc sinh d eac Idp hpc va mdi Idp cd nang lUc hpc Toan la khae Vi vay, khau chan doan cang cd y nghia quan trpng Nang Iuc chan doan ddi hpi nhflng la nang nhu soan phiiu dilu tra danh gia nang lue toan, ngoai nhflng hiiu bilt cua giao viln ve hflng thu, diem yiu, die'm manh, khd khan, hoan canh gia dinh va nhflng khac biet eiia tflng bpc sinb la rat quan trpng cho qua trinh xay dung ho sd hpc sinb Chi kbi nam vflng hd sd cua hpc sinh, giao vien mdi cd the dilu khien qua Irinh day hoc Toan dUdc bilu qua Ndng luc thiet ke, lap ki hoach bdi dgy Day la mpl dac diem rat cd ban cua gido due nha trfldng la dUdc lien hanh cd mue di'ch, ed kl hoach dudi su cbi dao cua giad vien, dd nang Iflc xay dUng ke hoach la can Ihill cho mpi boat dpng day hpc ndi chung va day hpc Toan ndi riing Ngay nay, muc lieu eua qua trinh day hoc Todn chu ylu khdng phai la khdi lUdng thdng tin loan bpc cflng nbdc ma la mflc phat triln ciia m duy, tri ml, cdc pbUdng phap Ihu nhan thdng lin, tri thde Toan va ca nhflng hfliig thu, y nghia, sU say sUa kham pha hpc lap eua hpc sinh Do vay, nang lUc ddi hdi nhflng kT nang nhU: Nghiin cflU muc lilu, ndi dung chfldng trinh sach giao khoa mdn Toan doi vdi moi cap hoe, dUa vao dac diem doi IUdng hpc sinh da khao sat de lap mpl ke hoach phu hdp, kha tbi, cd the kiem soat dfldc, danh gia dUde Ban kl hoaeh cd djnh rd ddu vao (cac dilu kiln), dau (muc lilu, san phd'm), eac hoat dpng cung vdi tiin dd, phan cdng trach nhiem (tbUe hien vao tbdi dii'm nao? d ddu? nhflng thUc biln?) Ndng luc ngon ngd vd van dung phuang tien day hoc Ngdn ngfl la phfldng tiln cbi'nb tae dpng din hpc sinh Irln Idp hpc Nang Iflc ngdn ngfl la kha nang sfl dung ngdn ngfl de bieu dal y lUdng mdt each rd rang, chinh xac, the hien linh cam qua 33 Trmh Thanh Hai, Tran Trung Tmh gipng ndi va cfl chi, dieu bp, net mat nham lac ddng den ngudi hoc mdi each hieu qua nhal Dac tinh ngdn ngfl sU pham cd: Tinb chinh xac eao vl mat tfl vUng, ngfl am van phong khoa hpc; Tinh xuc tich vi ndi dung, sfl rd rang gian di, dh hieu vi hinh thflc bie'u dat; Ldng nhiet tdm, va hflng khdi cua ngUdi trinh bay dUdc the hien qua ldi ndi Hdn nfla, bpc tap mpl the gidi md Cdng nghe thdng lin va vien thdng la mdt nhflng phUdng lien Ird giup lam hpc sinh say sua vdi qua trinh hpc lap bdn Bang hinh, phan mim da phUdng tiln, la nhflng pbUOng tiln kich thieh cae giac quan qua hinh anh, mau sac, am va chuyen ddng Cac Ihdng lin irln mang va chinh sU lim kilm thdng tin mdi da lam cho qua trinh bpc lap trd nin thach thflc, hflng Ihu va sang lao hdn Su truyin tai kiln thflc chd thi he sau la mdt nflng td quan trpng cua qua Irinh day hpc Do vay, ngUdi day can phai cd nang lUc de thich flng dUdc vdi pbUdng tiln kT thuat Irong day hpc biln dai Tfl viec phdi kit hdp pbUdng phap day hpc Iruyin Ihong va hien dai da giup ngUdi day cd the ca nhan boa ngUdi hoe tdi hdn, tan dung dUdc Uu the cua ngUdi hpc ma khac phuc dii'm yeu cua hp Ndng luc to chdc thUc hiin ke hoach day hgc Todn Day Id viec biln cac muc tieu va ke hoach dfl kiln hien thUc bang cac hoat ddng thich hdp, bad dam chal lUdng va kit qua Day hpc cd the coi la qua trinh day vd qua Irinh hoc Qua trinh day khdng dUdc ehiem het khdang khdng cua qua Irinh hnc ma chi la sU to chflc, hfldng dan de qua trinh hpc diln mot each lich cue Day hpc chinh la qua trinh td chflc, tao dilu kiln dl' khuyen khich ticb eUc hpc tap cua hpc sinh Day hpc can phai hUdng hnc sinh vdo cdc hnat ddng, giao viln giup hnc sinh lap kl hoach bpc tap cd to chflc vd IhUe hien Day hoe trUdc hit la bUdng vao vile phat trien lU duy, khuyin khich dpng lUc hnc tap debpe sinh tU minh thUc hiln boat dpng trin Idp va d nha Bdi hpe cd the bat dau bang viec bpc sinh kham pha cac y tudng va thao ludn va di den xdy dUng kiln thflc mpl each tfcb cUc Sau dd ngUdi hpc dUdc thuc banh, dp dung kiin thflc dd dUdc phdt biln Ndng luc ddi hdi cac kT nang van dung In Ihflc Todn hpc, biit linh hoal lUa chon, phdi hdp bdp li, bilt phdi trien nang lUc tU hnc cua hpc sinh, biit phdt trien von hieu biit, Ii ludn va thUc lien de khdng ngflng cai thien, nang cao chat lUdng, hieu qua day hoc mdn Toan hoc Nang lue cung ddi hdi giao vien phai cd kT nang giao liip (vdi bpc sinh, ddng nghiep, phu huynh, edng ddng dia phUdng) de tao mdi quan he hdp ldc, cdng tac, huy ddng mpi ngudn lUc dl' lam gido due Giao viln phai cd kT nang quan li hoat ddng day hpc pham vi trach nhiem cua minh, cuon but su tham gia nhiet tinh cua cac lUc lUdng giao due va ngoai IrUdng, bill khich le cac loai hpc sinh gidi, kha, trung binh, yeu kem, ddng vien cac em ddng gdp vao sfl liln bd chung ciia tap the ldp, trUdng Ndng luc dank gid kit qud hgc tap mdn Todn cda hgc sinh Danh gid khdng ddn thuan la sU ghi nhan Ihuc irang, kit qud ma cdn la van dl dl xuat nhflng quylt dinh lam thay doi thuc Irang theo bUdng muc tiiu Giao vien khdng nhflng phai bill danh gia ehinh xac, cdng bdng kit qua hpc lap mdn Toan eua hpe sinh ma cdn phai cd nang lUc phat Iril'n kha nang tU danh gia va danh gia lan trnng hpe sinb, giup cdc em chu ddng tu dilu chinh each hpc Thdng qua danh gia kit qua hoe mdn Toan, gido vien cung lU danh gia kll qua va diiu chinh each day eho hdp li Mudn vay giao viln khdng nhflng pbai nam vflng cac pbUdng phap kiem tra truyen thing mdn Todn ma can sfl dung nhiiu phUdng phap khac tap trung danh gia nang lUc, van dung ihUc lien, nang Itic tu hnc, nang lUc giai quyll vSn de, nang liJc lU sang tao, nang lUc giao tiip, nang Iflc phat tril'n ban than, Sfl dung eac phfldng phap khdng iruyen thong: Quan sdt, phdng van sau va hdi thao, nhat ki ngudi hpc, ho sd hpc tap, bai tap Idn, danh gia ihtTc hanh (bao gom tap hdp bai lap va cac san pha'm ), hpc sinb tfl danh gid va hpc sinh danh gia lan Cac phUdng phap phai chu trpng danh gid viec Hinh Ihdnh, bdi dudng ndng liic dgy hgc cho sinh viin sU phgm nganh Todn hgc sfl dung kiln thflc d mflc dd tU bac cao, chuyen hda, sang tao lai kiln thflc, vdn dung kien thflc va sang tao thUc lien [5] Ndng luc gdn kit Todn hgc vd thuc tien Ngay nay, day hoe d trUdng thdng ngUdi gido vien khdng chi iruyen dal mdt each may mdc tri thflc loan hoc an dinh sdch gido khoa Idi hoe sinh ma can phai giup hoc sinh bilt van dung tri thflc todn bpc vao thUe lien Dl' lam dUdc diiu thi Irudc lien ngUdi giao viln cdn phai cd ndng lUc gan kit tri thflc loan hpc vdi thUc lien Nang lUc dUa tren mpt loat nhflng kT nang nhU: Phat hiln, nhan dang van de loan hpe, phat bieu van de can giai quylt theo ngdn ngfl toan hoc, ngUdc lai eung tfl cac van de IhUc tien Idm sinb nhflng yeu eau loan hpc Thanh cdng trpng day hpc Toan phti thude mdt phan rat quan trpng vao nang Iflc phat hiln, ddt vd giai quyet nhflng van de gap phai boat dpng day hpc va ihuc lien Nang lUc khdng nhflng giup giao viln tim giai phap hdp li phu bdp vdi hoan canh, dilu kiln cu the md cdn khdng ngflng nang cao trinh dp, nang lUc nghe nghilp cua ban than, phu hdp vdi day hpc hiln dai thdi ki mdi 2.2.2 Tiep can nhieu mat qua trinh hinh thanh, boi dtfdng nang Itfc day hoc Toan cho sinh vien Stf pham Tren cd sd qua trinh hinh thanh, phat trien ndng lUc then gdc dd Tam li hpc (2.1.2), gdc Giao due bpc (2.1.3) vd tbUc lien giang day d cac trUdng sU pham cung nhu vile bdi dUdng gido vien thdng, chung tdi cho rdng dl' dl dUdc cac biln phdp sU pham nham hinh thdnh, boi dfldng nang lUc day hpc Toan cbo sinh viln sU pham can phdi nghien eflu va phan chia cac ndng lUe id cd ban cua nang lUc day hpc loan theo gdc dp qud trinh, cu the: Tiip can theo gdc giai dogn Tiip can then gdc dp giai doan, ta cd the xem xel cac nang lUc id cd ban cua ndng lUc day bpc loan nbu ITinh 1 ^ \ ^ Giai doan hpc trung hoc thdng Giai doan hoc sU pham Giai doan giang day Hinh Sa tiep can ndng lUc dgy hgc todn eua sinh viin theo gdc giai doan • Nhihig ndng liic dugc hinh thdnh tif sinh vien edn hgc a tnfdng Irung hgc ihdng, vi du nbu nang lUc phdi bien va giai quylt van dl sinh IhUe tiin gdn kit vdi Toan hoc - Nhdng ndng life xudt phdt tif nhimg yeu td dd difoc tich ldy d trudng trung hoc ihdng vd hinh thdnh mdi trudng irudng Sif phgm, vi du nhU nang lUc sfl diing ngdn ngfl tndn hpc • Nhiing ndng luc bdt ddu duac manh nha vd hinh thdnh qud trinh hoc Dgihgc Su phgm, vf du nhfl nang lUc tbiet kl, lap kl hoach bai day - Nhitng ndng luc bdt ddu dugc manh nha vd hinh ihdnh qud trinh sinh vien tham gia hogt ddng gido due d triidng trung hgc thdng, vf du nhu nang iUc ddnh gia kit qua hpc lap mdn Toan eiia bpc sinh Tiip can theo gdc quan he Tiep can theo gde dp quan be, ta cd the xem xet eac nang lUc thdnh to cd ban cua nang Ifle day hpe Toan nhfl sau: - Nhitng ndng luc thdnh td dugc hinh thdnh vd phdt irii'n tuang ddi ddc lap so vdi cdc ndng liic khde, vf du nhu nang lUc giai toan - Nhiing ndng lite thdnh to md qud trinh hinh thdnh vd phdt triih ludn ed tae dgng qua lai vdi nhiing ndng life thdnh to khde, vi du nbu ndng lUe lap kl hoach bai day tan tiin de de 35 Trjnh Thanh Hai, TrSn Trung Tmh sinb viln hinh phat tril'n ndng lUc td chflc tbUe hien kl hoach day hpc todn va ngUde lai, nang lUc nam bat dac diem doi lUdng bpc sinh si lac ddng ticb cUc dl vile binh thanh, phat tnen nang Iflc quan If boat dpng day bpc loan va ngUdc lai Tiip can theo gdc moi trudng Tiip can Ibeo gdc dp moi trudng, la cd the xem xel cac nang Iuc ihanh td cd ban cfla nang luc day hoe Toan nbu sau' - Nhitng ndng life hinh thdnh chu yeu mdi trudng cd su tuang tdc gida sinh viin vdi gidng viin trudng suphgm, vi du nhu nang lUc thilt ki, lap ki hoach bai day, nang lUc flng dung cdng nghl thdng tin vao day bpc Toan - Nhifng ndng life hinh thdnh chii yeu mdi trudng thdng, vi du nhU nang lUc td ebfle thflc hiln kl hoaeh day hpc Todn, danh gid kit qua cac hoat dpng day hpc Todn - Nhiing ndng lUe ed thi" hinh thdnh vd phdt triih thdng qua qud irinh tu hgc vdi sU nd lUc cua cua sinh viin, vi du nhu nang lUc giai loan 2.2.3 Mpt s6 dinh htfdng nham hinh thanh, phat trien nang Itfc day hoc Toan cho sinh vien Dai hoc Stf pham Vdi each liep can nhiiu mat, qua trinh binh thanh, bdi dudng nang lUc day hpc Toan cbo sinh viln supham cdn dUdc tbiet ki, men khai mdt each cd he thdng, ddng bp theo cac djnh hUdng sau: Can phai phat hien nhflng ylu to cau cac to cua nang Iflc day hpc loan ma hpc sinh da tich luy dUdc kbi hpc d Irung hpc thdng va tao mdi irUdng ihuan ldi de sinh viln phat trien, hoan thien nhflng nang lUe De lam dUdc diiu giang viln cac irudng sU pham pbai ludn ludn cap nhal, gdn kel vdi vile day hpc loan d trUdng irung hpc thdng Mat khae,viec tuyen sinh vao cac IrUdng sU pham ngoai cdc lieu ehi vi kien thflc trung hpc thdng nhfl hiln nay, can cd nhflng lieu ehi mem va cd sd tuyen dl' lUa chpn dUde nhflng sinh vien cd td chat phu hdp vdi nghi day bpc Cd nhieu tbanb to eua nang luc day hpc loan chi thuc sU dUdc binh va phai iril'n mdi trUdng day hpe loan d trubng trung hpc phd' thdng, vay viee sdm chn sinh vien xam nhap thuc tl irUdng trung hpc phd thdng sdm va du thdi lUdng la can thill Theo chung ldi eac IrUdng sU pham nin thill kl qua Irinb thUc tap sU pham tbanb ddt: Ddt cho sinh viln nam thfl 2: tuan; ddt cho sinh vien nam thfl 3: luan va ddt cbo sinh viln nam thfl 4: tuan va thdi gian ddt thflc tap sU pham khdng trung cung mpt thdi die'm nam bpc vdi de sinh viln cd cd hdi trai nghiem dUdc nhieu boat ddng trudng trung bpc phd ihdng Vile hinh va bdi dudng nang lUc day hoc loan cho sinh viln cdn dUdc liln hanh dong bp cd tfnh he thdng de khai thac dUdc cac tdc ddng lich cue cua nang lUc doi vdi cac nang Iflc cdn lai Chu y cd nhflng nang lUc ed tfnh chat tao lien de eho nhflng nang luc sau de tranh trudng hdp chung la chi lo dUdc phln "ngpn" ma khdng dau tU thich dang cho pban "goc", dd sinh vien khdng du nang lUc dl' trien khai cac boat ddng day bpc loan irudc thuc tl da dang, phong phu d trudng trung hpc thdng Vile hinh thanh, phat trien cac nang lUe day hoc tndn cd ylu td xa hdi, se la Ihilu niu la cbi lo Iruyin dat li luan va phUdng phap day hnc toan cbo sinh vien Iheo bUdng mdt chieu, bd hep irong khuan vien trudng sU pham Can phai tao cae sdn chdi, cae diin dan, eac cd bdi de sinb vien trai nghiem, ifeh luy, chia se va eiing hinh hoan Ihien cac nang lUc day hoe loan eua minh dong tbdi kiem nghiem chung TrUdc hit pbai khang djnh mdi IrUdng sU pham, mdi trudng thdng va vai trd eua giang viln cac IrUdng sfl pham giao vien cac trUdng trung hpc ihdng dac biet quan trpng qua trinh binh ihanh, phat trien nang Iflc day hoc loan cho sinh vien Tliy nhien viec tan dung mpi cd hpi de hd trd sinh vien thdng qua lU hoe, Ifl ren luyln khdng ehi gdp phan hinh vd Hinh ihdnh bdi dudng ndng liic dgy hgc cho smh vien sU pham ngdnh Todn hoc hoan Ihiln nang luc day bpc toan IrUdng sU pham ma cdn lao tiln dl tfch eUc d i sinh vien ed du kha nang sau trUdng lilp tue ifl hpc de tfch luy, cap nhat, nang cao cac nang lUe day hpc todn cho ban than suot irong qua trinh day bpc va day mdi chinh la dfch can dal cua cac trtfdng sfl pham Ket luan De chuyen ddi md hinh ddo tao cac trUdng sU pham "djnh hUdng ndi dung" day hpc hay "dinb bUdng dau vao" sang theo dinh hUdng ndng lUc tbi phai tilp can viec hinh thanh, ren luyln nang lUc day hpc cho sinh viln su pham ndi chung, sinh viln nganh loan ndi rieng theo nhieu gdc dp khac de thay rd ed sd, ngudn gde, eon dudng binh va nhflng tdc ddng (tfch cUc va lieu cue) din qua trinh blnh tbanb va phat tril'n cua tflng nang lUc ibanh to Cd nhu vay la dUa dUdc he thdng ddng bp cae biln phap sU pham phii bdp de doi mdi viec hinh tbanb, ren luyen nang lUc nghl nghilp cbo sinb viln dap dng dUdc nhu cau ddi bdi doi vdi mpl ngUdi giao viln toan trudc nhiem vu doi mdi phUdng phdp day hoc loan dang dat d trUdng trung hpc thdng hien TAI LIEU THAM KHAO [I] Bernd Meier, Nguyen Van Cudng, 2014 U ludn day hgc hiin dgi - Ca sd doi mdi muc tiiu, ngi dung vd phuang phdp dgy hoc Nxb Dai hpc Supham, Ha Ndi, tr 63-64 [2] Hoang Phi (Chu biln), 2006 Tit Dien Tiing Viet Viln Ngdn ngfl bpc, tr 114 [3] Nguyen Thanh Ngpc Bao, 2014 Budc ddu tim hieu khdi niim "ddnh gid theo ndng lue" vd_ di xudt mot sd hinh thde ddnh gid ndng lue ngd vdn eiia hgc sinh Tap ehi Khoa hpc Dai hoc Su pham Thanh phd Hd Chf minh So 56, U" 157-158 [4] Nguyen Trong Kbanh, 2011 Phdi triih ndng luc vd tu ki thudt Nxb Dai hoc Supham, HaNpi,tr.'l5 [5] Nguyin Cdng Kbanh, 2013 Dot mdi kiem ira ddnh gid hgc sinh theo cdeh liep can ndng liic Bao cao hdi nghi Ha Ndi [6] Pham Thanh Nghi 2013 Tdm lihgc Gido due Nxb Dai hpc quoc gia Ha Npi, tr 255-268 [7] Thai Duy Tuyen, 2012 Nhiing vdn di chung cua gido due hgc Nxb Dai bpc SU pham, Ha Ndi, tr 117-124 ABSTRACT Forming and strengthening teaching competency in Mathematics Pedagogy students This paper approaches the problem of forming and strengthening teaching cdmpetenee in mathematics pedagogy smdents using a multifaceted approach Thence, we give some onenlalions in detail to contribute lo this problem thereby suengtbening smdents teaching abilities and professional competency in general Keywords: Teaching competency, mathematics, pedagogy students ... nam thfl 2: tuan; ddt cho sinh vien nam thfl 3: luan va ddt cbo sinh viln nam thfl 4: tuan va thdi gian ddt thflc tap sU pham khdng trung cung mpt thdi die''m nam bpc vdi de sinh viln cd cd hdi... day hoc loan cho sinh vien Tliy nhien viec tan dung mpi cd hpi de hd trd sinh vien thdng qua lU hoe, Ifl ren luyln khdng ehi gdp phan hinh vd Hinh ihdnh bdi dudng ndng liic dgy hgc cho smh vien... dgy hgc todn eua sinh viin theo gdc giai doan • Nhihig ndng liic dugc hinh thdnh tif sinh vien edn hgc a tnfdng Irung hgc ihdng, vi du nbu nang lUc phdi bien va giai quylt van dl sinh IhUe tiin