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JOURNAL OF SCIENCE OF HNUE DOI 10 18173/2354 1075,2015 0011 Educational Sci , 2015, Vol 60, No 1, pp 88 97 This paper is available online at http /Zstdb hnue edu vn REN LUYEN NANG LUC HOP TAC CHO HOC[.]
JOURNAL OF SCIENCE OF HNUE Educational Sci , 2015, Vol 60, No 1, pp 88-97 This paper is available online at http./Zstdb.hnue.edu.vn DOI: 10.18173/2354-1075,2015-0011 REN LUYEN NANG LUC HOP TAC CHO HOC SINH TRONG DAY HOC CHUONG CHUYEN HOA VAT CHAT VA NANG LUONG - SINH HOC 11 TRUNG HOC PHO THONG Phan Thi Thanh Hoi, Pham Huyen PhUdng Khoa Sinh hge Trudng Dai hoe Sif pham Hd Ndi Tom tat Nang lUc hdp tac la mot nhflng nang lUc (NL) dUdc nhieu nudc xay dUng Irong bp cac nang lUc col ldi ngUdi hpc cin cd the ki XXI Viet Nam cQng da c6 dU thao xay dUng bp NL cot ldi cho chUdng trinh sau 2015 gdm NL chung co NL hdp tac, dilu cho thay NL hop tac la mpt NL rat quan ddi vdi ngUdi hoc Viec ren luyen NL hdp tac Irong cac cap hpc, mon hpc la rat can thilt Trong bai viet nay, chiing toi phan tich clu true NL hdp tac, tfl dd thiet ke quy trinh ren de luyen NL hdp tac cho hoc sinh va vi du vl van dung quy Irinh trong day hoc chUOng Chuyen hoa vat chit va ndng lupng, Sinh hoc 11 Trung hoc thdng (THFT) Tii khoa: Hdp lac, nang lUc hdp tac, ren luyen nang lUc hdp tac Mcf dau Tfl tbi ki XVni, li thuylt vl bpc tap bdp tdc da dUdc tbue hiin kha bien d cac nUde tU ban Ci nude Anh cd Joseph Lancaster va Andrew Belt da thUc nghiem va trien khai rdng rai vile bpc tap hdp tac nhdm; d My (the ki XIX) dien hinh cd Fancis Parker (bang Massachusetts) da dl cao hpc tap hdp tac ebd rdng niu qua trinb hpc lap dUde thuc hiln irln tinb thdn chia se nhdm, ldp vdi ca tinh cam vd tri tul thi vile hpc se khdng bao gid bj nham chan Hai nha nghien eflu Cpleman (1972) va Glasser (1969) nhan manh vai Ird eua hdp tac tuyen bdmuc liiu chinh cua nha inldng la gido due HS trd tbanb nhflng ngfldi bill hdp tac vdi ngfldi khac thdng qua quan sat sU IUdng tac hdp tac va tranh dua cac trudng trung hpc lai My [12] Cuoi thi ki XIX dau thi ki XX, J Dewey ndi vl khia canh xa hdi cua vile hpc lap thi cbo rang mudn hpc each cung chung sdng xa hpi thi ngUdi bpc phai trai nghiim cudc sdng hdp tac Ifl Irong nhd tnrdng [10] Nghiin cflu vi day hpc hdp lac trudng hpc cdn cd nbieu lac gia khde nhu Albert Bandura vdi li thuyet hoc tap "Su lam vile dong dpi" mang linh xa bdi [6]; Jean Piagel vdi hpe thuyll "SUgiai quyll mau Ihudn" [l],Palincarva Brown vdi phUdng phap day Idn [9] Ngoai edn cd cac cdng trinh nghiin cflu khac cua cac lac gia Slavin (1990) [14], Rosenshine, Meister (1994) [13] va Renkl (1995) [I I] Vill Nam ciing da cd mot sd tae gia nghien cflu vl li thuylt hdp tac nhu tac gia Dang Thanh Hflng (2002) Irong cuon "Day hpc hien dai - li luan bien phap kT ihuat" [2]; tdc gia Tr4n Ngay nhan bai; 15/8/2014 Ngay nhan dang: IO/2/20I5 Lien he' Phan Thi Thanh Hoi, e-mail: hoipn@hnue.edu Ren luyin ndng liic hgp ldc cho hgc sinh Irong dgy hgc chuong Chuyen hda Ba Hoanh "Doi mdi phUdng phap day hpc ehUdng irinh va sach giao khoa" (2006) [3]; lac gia Thai Duy Tbyen (2008) cuon sach "PbUdng phap day hoc iruyin thdng va ddi mdi" [7]., Cac tae gia deu nhan manh vai trd hdp lac tao nhflng cdng hpc tap, lang cUdng kha nang tu phi phan, tdng cUdng thai dp tich cue vdi cac mdn hpc, nang cao NL hdp tac gifla cdc HS vdi nhau, lao tam Ii lanh manh, phat iriin va hda nhdp xd hdi Nhu vay, viec ren luyln nang lUc hdp tac (NLHT) trUdng hoc la rat quan trpng va moi mdn bix: se pbai gdp pban ren luyln NL cbo ngUdi hpc thdng qua qud trinh to chflc day hpc bd mdn De gdp phan ren luyen NLHT eho ngUdi hpc, chung ldi da sfl dung mdn Sinh hpc nhU la mpl cdng CU Npi dung nghien cihi 2.1 Nang luc hdp tac Khai niem hdp tac Theo Dai tfl dien Tiing Viet, hdp tac cd nghia la "chung sflc, giup dd qua lai vdi nhau" [8] Cdn theo lac gia Nguyen Lan, "bdp tac la cung lam mpt viec vdi nhau" [4] Theo chung tdi, bpp tae la sU kit hdp gifla hai hoac nhiiu ngUdi mpi nhdm, dd mdi ngudi dam nhan mpl vai trd khac va ciing phoi hpp, giup dd, chia se lan nham giai quylt mdt nhiem vu chung nao dd Nang Itfc hdp tac (NLHT) Nang !Ue ludn gdn vdi mdi boat ddng eu the, nang lUc gan vdi hoal dpng hdp tae trdng nhdm gpi la nang lUe bdp tac NLHT la kha nang id' chflc vd quan li nbdm, tbUc hiln cae hoal ddng irong nhdm mpt each tbanb thao, Unh boat, sang tao nham giai quyet nhiem vu chung cd hieu qua Trong nghien cflu eua chung tdi dd xac djnh: ngUdi cd NLHT phar cd kiln thflc, ki ndng vd thai dp hdp tac nbu sau: - Kien thflc bdp tac: ngUdi cd kiln thflc hdp lac la ngUdt neu dUde khai niem, muc dich, y ngbia hdp tae; phdn tich dUdc quy trinb bdp tac, cac binh thflc hdp lac; Trinh bay dUde cac each tao nhdm, ki thuat hoat dpng nhdm, vai trd cua tflng vj tri nbdm - Cae kT nang hdp tac: ngUdi cd nang lUc hdp tac can phai thUc hiln dUdc cac kT nang (KN) phan nbu sau: KN id chflc nbdm hdp tdc KN lap ki hoaeh hdp lac, KN lao mdi trudng hdp tdc, KN giai quylt mdu thuan, KN diln dat y kiln, KN Idng nghe vd phan hdi, KN viit bdo cdo, KN tu danh gia, KN danh gia lan Day la id bieu hiln cao nhal cua NLHT - Thai dp bdp tac: + Tich cUc boat ddng nhdm: Cac vien nhdm tich cue tham gia boat dpng nhdm vd ddng vien cung tham gia + Chung sflc hoan nhiem vu: Cae viln Irong nhdm dong tam, hdp lUc hoan nhiem vu chung ciia nhdm, cd trach nhiem vdi sU Ihanb cdng cua nhdm + Chia se, giup dd lan nhau: Cac thdnh viln nhdm ton irpng, chia se, ung hd, giup dd Ian cung hoan Ihdnh nhiem vu 2.2 Vai tro cua viec ren luyen nang luc hdp tac cho ngufbi hoc Ddi vdi nhd trudng, day hpc theo hudng ren luyln I ^ H T cbo hoc sinh (HS) giup nang eao hieu qua cua nha trUdng nbilm vu phat trien nhan Ihflc nhan each, tinh cam cua HS Nha IrUdng trd tbanb mpt xa bdi thu nhd, dd mdi HS dUdc binh ddng, cd cd hdi dUdc giao due va phai iril'n nhU nhau, ddng thdi cai thien cac mdi quan he xa hdi cd tinh chat gidi, tdn giao, 89 Phan Thi Thanh Hpi Pham Huyin PhUdng phan ciia HS Irong pham vi nha trUdng [5] Doi vdi HS, hlnb NLHT ed y nghia rat quan Nd giup cho HS cd dUde thdnh lich bpc tap tdt bdn nhd sU cd gang, tich cue ciia ban than cung nbu sU chia se, giup dd eua ban be; dam bao sU phat trien hai hda gifla ca nhan va quan be xa hpi, ITnh hdi nhiiu gia trj xd hpi, trudng ve nhan each va banh vi xa hdi (trong pham vi nhd cua Irudng bpc) Dilu lao tiln dk vflng chae de bfldc vao xa bdi vdi nhflng moi quan he phflc lap, HS khdng nhflng nhanh ehdng thicb ngbi ma cdn cd the xay dflng va hfldng ldi tfl cac mdi quan he xa hdi dd Day chinh la dieu kiln liln quyel ddn den sfl ihanh dat ciia mdi ea nhan cupc song 2.3 Cac kl nang phan cua nang lire hdp tac De hinh va phat tnen NLHT cbo HS, can pbai xac dinb cau tnic NLHT NLHT gdm kien thflc vi hdp tac, KN hdp tac va thai dp hdp tac Trong nghiin cflu nay, chung Idi chii Irpng din ren luyen cac KN hdp tac, tfl viec ren luyln KN hdp tac HS ciing bieu sdu hdn ve kiln thflc hdp tac va cd thdi dp lot qua trinh hdp tdc Cac KN bdp tac bap gdm: Nhdm KN to chiic va quan li KTnang KN to chiic nhdm hdp tac KNlapke hoach hdp tac Bdng 1: Nhdm KN to chdc vd qudn b ctia ndng lUc hdp tdc Yeu cau dat dtfdc Tieu chi Di chuyin mdt each trat tU, nhanh nhen, tap hdp diing nhdm iheo ylu cau, thdi - Bilt each di chuyin, tap hdp nbdm gian dudi phut Xac djnh dung nhiem vu va cdng vile - Dam nhan dfldc cac vai trd khac eu the cua Iflng vj tri nhdm, thflc bien cd hilu qua cac boat ddng de hoan Irong nhdm tbanb tot nhiim vu dd Tap trung d nbdm irong suot qua Irinh lam vile, ebu y vdo cdng vile eua ban - Tap trung chu y than va nbdm, khdng xao nhang Xac djnh dfldc each thflc hdp lac phii - Xac dinh dfldc each thflc hop tac hdp de giai quyet nhiem vu Dfl kiln dfldc cac cdng viec nhdm phai - xac djnh dfldc eac cdng vile eu the lam theo trinh lU vdi thdi gian bdp li va each thflc lien banh nhflng cdng viec theo irinh tu va thdi gian d i hoan tbanb nhiem vu dUde giao TS ddnh gia dUdc ndng lUc cua ban thdn va ddnh gia dUde ndng lUc ciia tflng viln Irong nhdm tfl dd phdn cdng nhiem vu dung, phii hdp vdi nang - T\i danh gia va danh gia dong dang lUc mdi ngUdi hoac chii ddng tilp nhan nhiem vu phu hdp vdi ndng lUc ban than Ren luyin ndng liic hgp ldc cho hgc sinh irong dgy hgc chuang Chuyen hda Cd thai dp hdp tdc Chia se, giup dd lan KN tao moi trtfctnghdp tac Tranh luan dn bda KNgiai quyet mau thuan Bilt kilm cbl ban than Phat bien va giai quyel dUde mau thuan Tdn trpng, lang nghe va bay to sU ung bd Gdi md, kich thich eac viln khac tham gia hdal ddng nhdm Chia se tai lilu, thdng lin cho ngUdi khac, giup dd ban tao sU tbanb cdng cho nhdm de hoan nhiim vu Tranh luan dung vao npi dung can giai quyll, khdng hudng vao da kich cd nhan ngUdi trinh bay vdi thai dd nhe nhang, khdng chi Irich, xuc pham ngUdi khac Chap nhdn y kiln trai ngUdc neu y kiln dd Id dung Ludn binh iTnh, kiim che dUde sU bUc tflc, ndng Linh boat, san sang cd thien chi ihda hiep Phdl hiln, dilu chinh vile thuc hiln nbilm vu lech vdi chu dl Nhom KN hoat ddng KTnang KNdien dat y kien KNIang ngheva phan hoi KN viet bao cao Bdng 2: Nhdm KN hoat ddng cda ndng lUe hdp ldc Yeu can dat dtfdc Tieu chi Trinh bay y tudng/bao cao cua nbdm Trinb bay dUdc y kiinAiao cao cua mpl each ngan gpn, mach lac, dl hiiu; kit hdp vdi ngdn ngfl cfl chi, net mat de nhdm lang hilu qua, sflc thuylt phuc Dfla dUdc nhflng giai thich, ii le ehflng minh quan diim, y kien cua Bilt bao vl y kiln cua minh minh mpl each dn bda, khdng gay gat Lang nghe, hiiu va ghi lai, diin dat tai y kiin cua ngUdi khac, khdng ngat ngang Biit lang nghe ldi ngudi khac The bien y kiln khdng ddng linh mdt each Ijch sU, nha nhan Kheo leo dat Tbi biln dUde y kiln khdng ddng tinb eau hdi di lam rd hoac gdp y cbo ngfldi khac • Tdng hdp va lUa chpn y kiin cua cac vien nhdm, lUa chpn Ifl Tdng bdp lua chpn va sap xip dUdc y ngfl, each trinb bay phu hdp, sap xip kiin cua cac thdnh vien nhdm mdt he thdng de bao cao irUdc ldp Phan Thi Thanh Hdi, Pham Huyen PhUdng Nhdm KN danh gia KTnang KN ttf danh gia KN danh gia lan Bdng 3: Nhdm KN ddnh gid ciia ndng lUc hap tdc Tieu chi Yeu cau dat dtfdc Ddnh gia chinh xac, khach quan kll qua dat dUdc cfla ban thdn Rut kinh nghiem TYrdanh gia cho ban than Danh gia mpl each chinh xac, khach quan, cdng bang kit qua dat dupe Bilt danh gia lan cua ngudi khac, nbdm khac Rut kinh nghiim tfl ngUdi khac eho ban than 2.4 Ren luyen nang lufc hdp tac day hoc chUdng Chuyen hoa vat chat va nang lufdng - Sinh hoc 11 THPT 2.4.1 Quy trinh ren luyen nang Itfc hdp tac day hoc Chung tdi thilt kl quy trinb ren luyln NLHT gdm budc nbU sau: Bil6c Gidi thieu l