22 S(5 6 2016 MOT SO VAN DE Lf LUAN CO BAN VE SONG N G O TRE EM Ur l DATVANDE Hifin nay, nhilu bgc cha me d Viet Nam muon cho con hpc tilng Anh ngay d ^ tudi mam non va tieu hpc de trd flwnh cdng dan[.]
S(5 6-2016 22 »t iKdW dlW MOT SO VAN DE Lf LUAN CO BAN VE SONG NGO TRE EM Ur TtiiKHOAVIlTHi Trfldng Cao dlaig SU phgm Trung se sfl dyng tdt ngdn ngfl bdn dia, thdm chl ngdn ngfl bdn dja diilmi the hdn ^ so vdi tieng Vift, Song ngU ndi ti^ Id vifetirelinh hgi ngdn ngfltiiflhaitifldclOao sau da sfl dyi^ khd tiianh thgo mft ngdn ngfl McLaughin eho ring, hi6i tiifl la dg Uidi tiiidi hpp cho vifc hgc ngo?i i ^ i GiiiaitlilkPI tifi cd bdn dd hpc dflpc ngdn ngfl ra? dfi, Nhfl vdy, ngfin ngQ ti^: hang ngdy trfldc tii6i flifl dflpc coi Id ngdn ngfl thtf nhdt (thudnji cs\iii^^ ngdn ngfl me de) vd nhflng i^dn ngtf trfi dflpc hgc sau tuffl thiJ3 is la ngdn ngfl thtf hai \ ^ dl ddt la d dg tudi thfl 3, tii da ed tri thflc ve ngon ngii ly yjjiipplBriim Khdi nifm song i ^ i^ song ngtf b i em nhat d mtfc dg nao thl mdi nen bdt ddu hgc ngfin ngfl thfl hai! lii Cde nhd ngfln ngtf hgc giai thich: "Song ngd (biUngualism): Trong thtfc ve ngdn ngfl thfl nhat cd yeu cau vifc tre phat am chuin, oivfti iiilfiiita(£!ajlii'if xd hgi hoc iden tiidng sd dung hai (hay hdn hai) ngon ngd mdt Qi^ilotitfilidl^i tfl tfldi^ ddi phong phu, bilt sfl dyng cdc c ^ true cdu ccf bia' cd nhdn /wy d mgt cong dong ngdn ngd, co cdng ^i Id da ngd dyng i^dn ngfl giao tiep phu hpp vdi hodn cdnh cy tbehayl jpii^qJKlitdBg!! (multilinguedism)" [1]; "$ôã tinh tiiong hodn hdo nhU hai n^ Day la van de cdn nhilu tranh cai va can nhflng nghien cdu, dii^ ngd, stf nam vdng hai ngon ngfl dUdc sd dung nhdng diiu Iden sau hdn, ki Ifldng hon, {[ijilcl^licaliii^ giao tiip khac nhau" [2] Theo mpt nghifin cflu khac ctfa De Houwer [4] moc dflyc tlnhS tdiiipi^iyiihiL Nhfl vgy, cd thl hilu soi^ ngfl la hifin tflgng mdt ngfldi (hay mfit xdc djnh ngdn ngfl thfl hai d tte song ngfl Id tuoL Dieu d6 c^ nglm: bi;iiiotidi^flitl cdng ddi^} cd thl stf dung hai i^dn ngtf troi^ qud trinh giao ti^ nluti!ti2 tudi trfi mdi dflpc ti^ n i ^ mft ngdn n ^ khac Ihl aga iQiEliiifiAiifti dd cd ngdn ngfl me dfi va ngdn i ^ thfl hai (ngoai ngfl) ngfl dd la i^dn ngfl thtf hai va sfl tilp nhgn dd khde hoan toan soni k|iilidifliirai!i Mgc du cd sd khoa hgc vl dd tuS song ngtf cdn khd md hd vd ngon ngtf thfl nhat (thfldng la ngdn ngfl me dfi) nhilu tianh cdi, cac nhd nghifin cflu i^dn ngfl tre em tten the gidi cho Hai tdc gia Mary Slatery vd Jane Wills [5] lgi cltf vific h^ soiij rang, song i ^ trfi em (child biltf^ual) Id vifc tie dflpc tilp xiic vi5i ngfl ndi ti^ (sequential bilii^al) d tri em tuoi mdm non, d|c U IKETLUAN mgt ngdn i ^ khac (i^ogi ngfl) va stf dung didnh thao ngdn ngtf ndy "Cdm thy i^dn i ^ hai nhfl cam thuti&igme de" vdi giai tliHo: trfldc 10 tudi Ndi each khde ed ndng lfle sfl dyng tdt hai r^on ngfl - Gifll ^m 1: tien san sinh ngdn ngfl (Pre-Production), congoifi liiiifU^al tfl cdn rat nhd mdi dflgc coi la song ngfl d tii em giai dogn imlgfig (flie sOent period): trfi chi nghevd tiiam thaur^ fflittTjickilmlip Phdn loai song ngfl fl tre em ^Sl'^llEiMllQII^ ngtf thfl hai Dtfa tren co sd tiqj nhgn hai ngon ngfl dtiieem, cdc nhd nghifin - Giai doan 2: tgp sdn sinh ngdn ngfl (Eariy Production): tribatfi 'fiiijiem^phjliiij ctfu da p l m chia song i ^ tie em hai loai cd ban: song i ^ dung ttfrienglfi hoae mdt vai cau ngan bao gdm hai, ba tfl dl giao li^ ddng thdi (sunultaneous biluigual) vd song ngfl tilp dien (sequential - Giai dogn 3: xuat hifn ldi ndi (Speech Emergent): trfi diii^ dnfi '^'^'^iiufi bilingual) hdn dl giaotiepva bit ddu quy triiji n% dflng gia thuylt (hypotkas Song nffi dongti^dila vife tie dflgc liep xiic va Iinh hfi ca hai ngdn building) - tiitf nghifm gid thuyet (hypotiiesis testing) Trfi c6ii nk ngfl tfl mdi sinh Tuy nhifin, trongtirfldnghgp nay, khd nhilu ldi giao tilp bdng i ^ n ngfl tfifl hai cd the ndi ddu la ngdn ngfl tiitf nhdt, dau Id i^dn ngfl tiifl hai, hay - GiVii doan 4: trdi chay troi^ sfl dyng ngdn i ^ thfl hai (BtglmriDJ thgm chi cd the coi hai ngdn ngfl diu la ngdn ngfl thfl nhat Phd Fluency): tie cd thl giao tiep bang cdc cau dai hdn mgt cdchfi dsfi bien nhlt cua soi^ ngfl dong tiidi chinh la d cac gia dmh, cha m? cd ^njUliocNffi dflng tinh huong giao tilp hdn va it radc I6i hdn, hai quoc tich khac nhau, sfl dyng hai ngdn ngfl khac giao - Giai doan 5: tang ctfdng stf tidi chay (Intermediate Fluency); t^ tiep vditirfi.Trong moitirfldngnay, tre se cd ed hdi hpe hai ngdn ngtf giao ti^ ttf tin hon va bdt dau dung cdu phflc va mac rlt It 16i Tuy vgy, ndng Itfc tii sfl dyng ngdn ngfl ndo chilm flu tfil hfln lai phy - Gi(u doan 6: hodn thifn sfl tidi chdy (Advancai Fluency): tieii tiiufc vdo nhilu ylu ^ khde tiong dd ylu td cd val tr6 dang ki nhat thl giao ti^ troi^ mgi tinh hudng dunh la ngdn i ^ giaotilptixmgcgng dong xd hgi nditiresinh sdng Nhd nghiln ctfu Jelena Bobldna ttoi^ bdi viet Early teadoig^t Dieu cd till de dang kilm chfli^ d nhiing gia dinh m? ngfldi Vift, second language Foreign language kamittg in tiie Nursery Educi^ol' bd ngoai qude dang sinh sdng d nfldc ngoai nha, tie co till hgc PenW (Dgytirehpe ngdn ngfl thtf hai hogc mdti^oai ^ d giai do?ii dflgc tilng Vift tiong giaotiephang vdi m?, song tdi tifldng, mam non) [5] cho biet, tie phdi tidi qua giai doan im Igi^ {^ dfldng, ti^ xuc vdi cac phfldng tifn thdng tin dai chiing, tie sfl period) khodng 20 thdng Tri phii thim tfiSu ngdn ngfltiiflha (hsf dyng ngdn ngfl cua nfldc sd tgi Nhfli^ dfla tii song ngfl dd din ddn tip gidi ma i^dn ngfl thtf hai) tiiidc sdn smh ngdn ngfl l.DATVANDE Hifin nay, nhilu bgc cha me d Viet Nam muon cho hpc tilng Anh d ^ tudi mam non vatieuhpc de trd flwnh cdng dan todn cau troi^ radi trfldng da van hda, da ngdn ngfl BcS vdy, cdc trfldng song ngfl, trfldng quoc tl tird dja chi ltfa chpn fla thieh cuanhflng bde phy huynh Tuy nhifin, vifc hgc hai ngdn ngfl d trfi nhd dien nhfl the nao, bdi vilt se eui^ c ^ nhitfig vdn de li lugn cd ban, ngd hdu cho nhfli^ bdn thdo sdu hdn II NOI DUNG NGHIEN CUU \-^ h'dHOC S6 6-2016 Hda trfn v i chuy& ma soi^ ngfl t r i em Dilu dl nhgn thdy tixii^ giao tilp d ti^ em song ngfl Id stf hda trfn ;dn ngtf Nhflng can ndi cua tii {Yi dy: eon kmgry lam) cd stf tfiay le mft phdn cdu tieng Vifl bdng tilr^ Anh (ddi = hungry) Lifu stf ^a ttdn va thay the cd nilm chiln Iflpc gjao tiq) gan vdi y " • ^ f l c cflatirfihay child mgt stf nhdm lan gifla hai ngdn ngfl mft cdch ^ ^ • f e thflc? ™ P**: Nhflng nghifin ctfu cfla Volterra vd Taeshner (6] chi ra, vife tii hda •gn hai ngdn ngtf tirong giao tiep la tii khdng phdn bift dflgc hai gdn ngtf, hay ndi each kMc, h i ngfin ngtf ton tgi ldn lpn dau "i Day chinh la giai dogn dau tifin cua song i ^ , bang tfl vtfng ' ^ ^ £ ^ " ^ i^on ^ la mft till tiiong nhat tiding dau tii Volterra chia ua trinh tilp nhgn i^fin ngfl thtf hai tiianh ba giai dogn cd bdn gdm: >5n5;-j, - Gioi i^ofln thl? M/ifl(: Hai ngdn ngfl tdn tgi nhfl mft the thoi^ nhat WdsiEjr,'" ^ ' ' " ^'^ ''"^ ^'"•' ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ S '^^^ hai ngon ngfl phdn hda vi li^y- hdng the tiidng nhat ngfl phj^ ^ ! ^ « S - Gicd doan M ha: Phdn hda hodn todn ve tfl vtfng vd ngfl phdp j ^ • M i a hai ngdn ngtf * * " Dfii 1^ wM quan ffilm cfla Volterra, Geneese [7] lgi nhgn xfit, hai hf J bong ngdn ngfl dau tri ^ phan tach tii dau.Stf hda ttgn !-< ^ l i j ^ ngdn ngfl xdy khdi^ xudt phdt ttf vifc r^Sm lln giflla hai ngdn * ""f V ^ ^ Nguyin nhan la do: 1) Trfi chfla biet mgt ttf nao dd cfla ngdn ngfl Etttjfcilhfl nhdt nfin da li^ tfl tiidng dfloi^ d ngdn ^ thfl hai dl thay the; 2) S a; i siCd till tli da biet hi d ngdn i ^ thtf nhat nhflngtironghodn cdnh a w aagiao tiq) cy tiiC tfl d ngdn ngfl thfl hai xuat hifin trfldc dau tri vd i i S ^ ^ f l g c tre huy ddng tflc khac; 3) Cd till tfl dd d ngfin i ^ thfl nhat qud phflc t ^ nen tri dui^ ttf tfldng dfldt^ d i^dn ngfl tiitf hai cho (^iippl jjdon gian; 4) Tre cd thdi quen mflpn tfl d ngfin ngfl thtf hai tiiay cho ,^j-^^tfldi^fin ngfl tfifl nhat.Vivdy, sfl hda trfn chinh la stf chuyln ma ca »«^^ P*^ ^ ^^ ^^ (code-switching) vi& sfl dung song ngfl _ ^ •_^cua tre Trong nhfll^ trfldng htfp ndy, stf ehuyen md cho thay nar^ ' ^ Iflc phdn tdch thay thl ngon ngfl d tii dgt den tiinh dg ddng Ire Dieu T^ chtfng td vile tilp nhan ngdn ngfl thfl hai cua tri khd tdL „ ^ ^ l l l KET LUAN "7 Song ngfl la mgt hifn tiipng ddng mtfng d tie em cd nang Itfc ' sfl dyng thdnh thgo ca hai i ^ n ngfltixmgnhflng hodn canh giao ti^ P *^"^ cy thl Tgi cac thdnh phd kfn d nfldc ta, khfii^ phdi trfldng qufic \£ • ? " hay song ngtf ndo cung cd dfldc san pham dau Id song ngfl tri em, Vi v|y, e rdng phy huynh da tao qi Iflc qua Idn cho em minh tSriSi* ddt lln vai tre yeu can stf dung ngdn ngfl thtf hai cung thgo ixp:*^ nhd i^dn ngfl me de de trd cdng ddn todn clu, trd tiianh dtfa i:aESE^ tre song ngtf b dd hioi mam non _, 23 Genesse, F (1989), EaHy bilingual devdopment One language or two? Journal ofChildlanguage 16, i6i-179 SUMMARY TJie paper has mentioned some definitions on biUngualism and child bilingucdism It has analyzed tiie classification as well astivolanguage acquisition ofdvldren OJIW biUngualism is classified into two types, including simultaneous bilinffialism and sequential biUngualism Each type has different process ofhnffiage acquisition One issue emerffngin tile process of child biUngualism is mixing and code- switching Keywords: BiUngualism, child biUngualism, classification Nhdn bii ngdy 25/5/2016 Sila diUa xong 30/5/2016 Duyit ddng 10/6/2016 ^ PHAT TRIEN NANG LUC (Tiip theo trang 14) TAILIEU THAM KHAO Lfi TSn H u ^ Cam Giai^, M S J fcief ve W dwyp/iflM (tien, http:// wwwjer.edu.vn, ngiy tiny egp 27/9/2015 John Zaphyr, Critical ThinkingSidllsfor First Grade (Cdc Id ndng tu phdn biin cho iioc sinh ldp Mdt), Muih Cfldi^ dich//www ehow.com, truy cgp 23/10/2015, Hfi Vu Ngpc Khufi, Vd Dgi Thdnh Nhdn (2012), Gido due tii phdn bien cho dio tinh vien Yiet Nam: Bdi hgc kinh n^iem til Nhdt Bdn T ^ chi IGnh ^xd hdi Dd Ndng, so 34 Rechard Paul-Lmda Elder (2015), Cam nang tU phdn hiin - KhM niim vd cdng cu, (Bfli y/an Nam Sdn djch va hifiu dinh), NXB long hpp 1^1 H6 Chi Mtfih Nguyen Thanh Thi (2013), Con ren luyen nang life phdn bien hgc tgp dio hgc tinh, sinh vien, T ^ chi KHVdn hoa vd du lich, so 13 (67), thdng 9, htq)://khoavanhoc-ngonngu,edu.vn, ngdy tiiiy cgp 28/6/2015 Bfli Loan Thuy (2012), Day va reM (tJyiMftyfiflM^ W di^;';>/iii« fcien dio sinh vien, Tgp chi I%dt tiiin & hgi nhdp s6 7(17), (tiidng 11-12) Dfi Kien Trui^ (2012), W voj tivcuatu duypl^ biin, Tgp chl Phdt trien vd h^ nh^p, sfi (14), (tiiang 5-6) Dfi Kien Trung (2012), NhQng ffdi phdp nhdm dinh hinh mot phongcdch tU phdn bien, Tgp chi Phdt tiiin vd h^inh^p, so 5(15), (tiiang 7-8) HujTih HQu Tilf (2010) TU phdn bien tivnghgc tap dtxi hoc Dgi hgc qudc gia Hd Ngi, Bdn tin sd232 10 Le Hai Yin (2012), Tim hiiu tii phdn hiin hay tU phi phdn d