NGHIEN CUU GIAO DUC NlTlllC NGOAI ^ NHONG DAC TRUNG BIEN DOI TRONG TANG TRUONG GDP VA TANG TRirdNG DAU TU GIAO DUG DAI HOC TRUNG QUOC GIAI DOAN 2005 2013 PHAN ANH TUAN Vien Nghien ciKu Kinh te Gi^o du[.]
NGHIEN CUU GIAO DUC NlTlllC NGOAI ^ NHONG DAC TRUNG BIEN DOI TRONG TANG TRUONG GDP VA TANG TRirdNG DAU TU GIAO DUG DAI HOC TRUNG QUOC GIAI DOAN 2005 - 2013 PHAN ANH TUAN Vien Nghien ciKu Kinh te Gi^o due vd Qudn li Dai hoc Khoa hoc KT thuft Bac Kinh, Trung Quoc Email: iananhluan@yahoo.com Tdm tdt: Nhdng ndm gdn day, kinh phi ddu tUgido due dgi hoc Trung Quoc lien tue gia tdng, quy md ddo tao khdng ngi/ng md rpng Gido due dqi hoe Trung Qude bUde sang giai doan dai chung hda gido due vd dang qud trinh tien tdi cdp hda Dua trin so liiu thdng ki giai doan 2005 -2013 cua Cue Thong ke vd Bd Gido due Trung Quoc, tde gid phdn tich nhdng bien doi tdng trUdng GDP vd tdng trudng ddu tuphdt tnen gido due dai hoc Trung Quae Qua dd, rutra nhdng dae trUng eo bdn co tinh tUang quan giua bien doi tdng trudng GDP vd bien doi tdng trudng ddu tUphdt tnen gido due dgi hoe Trung Qudc Tit khdo: Ddc trUng; bien doi, tdng trudng GDP, ddu tugido due dai hoe (Nhdn bdi 25/8/2016 Nhan ket qud phdn bien vd chinh sda 04/11/2016; Duyet ddng 27/12/2016) Dat van de Dau tQ phat tnen giao dye dai hoc la mdt nhiem vu quan trong ehien luac dao tao ddi ngu nhan tai phyc vu qua trinh tang trudng kinh t l Trung Qudc Thye te eho thay, dau tu phat trien giao dye dai hoc Trung Qude da cd nhdng cdng hien to Idn thuc day tien bd khoa hoc ki thuat, tang nang suat lao ddng, gidm bdt ehi phi san xuat, tao tien de de kmh te Trung Qudc tang trudng bin vQng cung nhu nang eao nang iQc canh tranh kmh te qudc te NhQng nam gan day, kmh phi dau tugido due dai hpc Trung Qudc lien tue gia tang, quy md dao tao khdng ngdng md rdng, Giao dye dai hoc Trung Qudc bade sang giai doan dai chung hda giao due va dang qua trinh tien tdi cap hda,Tuy nhien, qua trinh bien ddi tang tradng kmh phi dau ta phat trien gido due dai hoe Trung Qudc xuat hien nhQng bien ddi khdng ddng nhat, xuat hien nhQng btln ddi vQa hpp livUa khdng hop li Van de daong nhien cd quan he mat thilt vdi bien ddi tang tradng GOP, Chung tdi dua tren sd lieu thdng ke giai doan 2005 - 2013, tien hanh phan tich nhung bien doi ed tinh tuong ho giQa tang trudng GDP va tang trudng dau ta giao due dai hoe Trung Qude Qua do, rut mdt sd dac trung eo ban cung nhu chi nhQng nguyen nhan va tinh hop li giQa bien ddi tang trudng GDP va tang trudng dau tu phat trien gido due dai hoc Trung Qude, Nhurng ddc trUng bien doi tang trUdng GDP Trung Qudc giai doan 2005 - 2013 Bade vao the ki XXI, Trung Qudc tiep tue day manh qua trinh chuyen doi co cau kinh te dan tdi GDP tdng tradng cao Tuy nhien, ehiu tac ddng eua cudc khung hoang tai chinh toan cau (2008 - 2010), qua trinh phyc hdi tang trudng kinh te cham (2011 - 2013) cung nhu nang lUc phat tnen kinh te khong ddng deu giuaeac khu vUc kinh te, giQa cdc tinh thanh, giQa thi va ndng thdn lam cho qua trinh tang trUdng GDP cd nhieu diem khae biet tuong Ung, 2.1 Tdng trUdng GDP vd lam phdt Giai doan 2005 - 2013, tang trQdng GDP Trung Qudc tri d mde cao, nhien bien ddi tang trudng GDP khdng ddng nhat qua cae giai doan, Cu the tang trudng GDP Trung Qudc tang eao dgiai doan 2005 - 2007, tang nhap nhd giai doan 2008 - 2010 va tang trudng cd chieu hudng di xudng giai doan 2011 - 2013 Giai doan 2005 - 2013, tang trudng GDP Trung Qudc binh quan dat 62% Trong do, tang trudng cao d giai doan dau ki (2005 - 2007), Day la giai doan Trung Qude day manh qua trinh chuyen ddi co cau kmh te, vi vay tang trudng GDP ludn dat hai so (11,3%-14,2%) Giai doan 2008 - 2010, tang tradng GDP Trung Qudc bieu hien di xuong so voi giai doan 2005 - 2007 va tang trudng nhap nhd hinh song tac ddng cudc khung hoang tai chmh toan cau Mac dii chiu anh hudng khdng Bdng - Hieu sudt tdng trudng GDP va CPI Trung Qudc giai doan 2005 -2013 Nam Hieu suat ang t r a d n g GDP so vdi nam truoc (%) Chi so gia tang CPI so voi nam trUdc (%) 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 n,3 12,7 14,2 9,6 9,2 10,6 9,5 7,7 7,7 1,8 1,5 4,8 5,9 -0,7 3,3 5,4 2,6 2,6 2013 (Nguon Cue Thong ke Trung Qudcl S0135-THANG12/2016 • 101 ^ NGHllN COU GlAO DUC NUOC NGOAI nhd cua cudc khiing hoang tai ehinh todn eau nhUng vdj chinh sdeh tdi ehinh va rien te hap li, tang trUdng kinh t l Trung Qude giai doan van dat d mQc cao Nam 2010 vdi mQc tang trQdng 10,6%, kmh t l Trung Qudc vQot Nhdt Ban trd nen kinh te Idn thQ hai t h i gidi sau MT, Giai doan 2011 - 2013, tang trQdng GDP Trung Qude suy yeu va tQng bade di xudng dnh hudng tieu cQc tQ chinh sdeh tien te va ehinh sach tai chinh giai doan 2008 - 2010, Tang trQdng GDP giai doan chi dat mQe 7,7% - 9,5%, Tang tradng kinh te tat ylu dan d i n lam phat gia tdng.Tuy nhien ehi sd gia tang lam phdt 2005 - 2013 tri d mQe thap vd thap hon so vdi hieu suat tdng trQdng GDP (xem Bdng 1), Dac biet giai doan 2011 - 2013, chi cd nam 2011 ehi sd gia tang lam phat tren 5%, hai nam edn lai tri mQc dQdi 3%, Dieu cho phep nen kinh te Trung Qudc giai doan ndy van dat trang thdi tdng trUdng am vd an todn 2.2 Tang trUdng GDP binh quan ddu ngUdi Tang trUdng GDP eao dan tdi GDP binh quan dau ngUdi cung tang nhanh qua ede ndm, chenh lech GDP binh quan dau ngUdi giQa cac tinh edng thu hep Nam 2013 GDP dau ngUdi dat 43320.1 nhdn dan te, tang 3,03 lan so vdi nam 2005, tang 1,68 lan so vdi nam 2009, Phdn theo tinh thanh, ndm 2005 ede tinh thdnh ed GDP binh qudn ddu ngUdi eao nhat Id Thuong Hdi (52378 nhan ddn te), Bac Kinh (45652 nhan dan te), Thien Tan (35791 nhan dan te), Triet Giang (28318 nhdn ddn te), Quang Ddng (26134 nhan ddn te), Thap nhat la cae tinh Qudng Tay (8311 nhdn ddn te) An Huy {8292 nhan dan te) Van Nam (7701 nhan dan te), Cam Tue (7232 nhdn dan te), Quy Chau (4893 nhan dan te) (Xip hang GDP binh qudn dau ngudi 31 rinh thdnh Trung Qudc 2005, Cue Thdng ke Trung Qude), Chenh lech GDP binh quan dau ngudi cao nhat (Thuong Hai) va thap nhat (Quy Chau) la 10,7 lan Din nam 2013 xIp hang GDP binh quan dau ngUdi khdng ed nhilu thay ddi Idn, Thien Tan (101688 85 nhdn dan te), Bdc Kinh (94237,66 nhdn dan te), Thuong Hai (90748.81 nhan dan te), Giang Td (74699.37 nhan dan te), Triet Giang (68593,19 nhan dan te) la nam tinh dan dau ve GDP binh quan dau ngadi Cac tinh nhu An Huy (31795 09 nhdn dan te), Qudng Tay (30709.10 nhan dan te), Tay Tang (26038,96 nhan dan te), Van Nam (25157,15 nhan dan te) Cam Tue (24668,15 nhan dan te], Quy Chau (22981,60 nhan dan te) van la cac tinh cd GDP binh quan dau ngudi thap nhat bang xep hang GOP binh quan dau ngUdi 31 tinh (xep hang GDP binh quan dau ngUdi 31 tinh thanhTrung Qudc 2013, Cyc Thdng ke Trung Qude) Tuy nhien chenh Nam lech GDP dau ngudi cao nhat (Thien Tan) vd thap nhat (Quy Chau) nam 2013 chi edn 4,42 lan 2.3 Tang trUdng thu nhdp binh quan ddu ngudi khu VUC thdnh thi vd nong thon Giai doan 2005 - 2013, thu nhdp binh qudn ddu ngUdi khu vUc thdnh thj va ndng thdn tang qua cdc nam So vdi ndm 2005, Iliu nhap binh qudn dau ngudi khu VUc vue thi nam 2013 tang 2,56 lan, thu nhap binh qudn ddu ngUdi khu vUe ndng thdn tang 2,73 lan Trong giai doan 2005 - 2013, binh quan mdi nam thu nhap binh qudn khu vue thi tang 2058 nhan dan te, khu vUc ndng thdn tang 705 nhdn ddn te, Ddng thdi khoang each thu nhap binh quan dau ngudi giQa thi va ndng thdn chenh lech ban lan, Phan theo cap dp tinh thanh, thu nhdp binh quan dau ngadi giQa thi vd ndng thdn cung cd SQ chenh lech khdng gidng Bdo cdo thdng k l cua Cyc Thdng keTrungQudccho thay nam 2013 tinh Hdc Long Giang, Thien Tdn, Bae Kinh, Thuong Hdi vd Cdt Ldm cd mQc chenh lech thu nhap binh quan dau ngudi thi v^ ndng thdn thdp nhat (2,03 - 2,32), eao nhat van la cac tinh Van Nam [3,78), Cam Tue (3,71), Thilm Tay (3,51), Qudng Tdy (3,43) Phdn theo khu vyc kinh t l , chenh lech thu nhap binh quan dau ngudi thi va ndng thdn cao nhdt Id khu vUcTdy Bd (3,3), k i d i n Id Trung Bd(2,8), Odng Bd (2,5) TQ phan tich biln ddi tdng trQdng GDP Trung Qude giai doan 2005-2013 eho thay biln ddi tang trudng GDP khdng ddng nhat qua cac giai doan Tang trudng GDP binh qudn dau ngUdi vd thu nhdp binh quan dau ngUdi ed sU chenh lech rd net giQa cac rinh thanh, giQa khu vQc thi vd ndng thdn, giQa ede khu vUc kinh t l , Tuy vay, xet d gde dp tdng the, tang trudng GDP Trung Qudc giai doan 2005 - 2013 tri mQc cao va an toan, trd dilm sdng nIn kinh te toan edu is giai doan ndy, NhiJmg dac triAig bien doi tang trudnng dau tU giao due dai hoc Trung Quoc giai doan 2005-2013 Bien ddi tang trudng GDP da tde ddng trUe tiep den bien doi tang trUdng dau tQ phdt tnin giao due dai hpc Trung Qudc Qua nghien cQu dau tU phdt trien gido due dai hoc Trung Qude dQa tren sd lieu thdng ke giai doan 2005 - 2013, ehung tdi dQa mdt sd dac trang bien doi ea bdn sau' 3.1 Tdng kinh phi ddu tUlien tue gia tang, quy mo trudng hpc khdng ngifng md rpng, giao due dgi hpc Trung Qudc bUdc sang giai doan dgi chung hoa gido due daihpc Do tdc dd tdng trudng GDP cao va tri d mQc dd 2005 2006 2007 2008 Quy mo GDP (Tl NDT) 18589,6 21765 268019 31675,2 GDP binh quan dau ngudi (NDT) 14258,9 16602 20337,1 23912 25692,6 Tang trudng GDP bmh quan dau ngudi so vdi nam truoc (%) 10,7 12,1 13,6 9,1 2011 2012 2013 34562 40890 48412 53412,3 58801,8 30567,5 36017,6 39544,3 43320,1 10,1 9,0 7,2 7,2 2009 8,7 2010 (Ngudn Cue Thong ke Trung Quoc) • KHOA HOC GIAO DUC NGHIEN CljrU GIAO DUC NUdC NGOAI % , Sdng 3: Thu nhdp binh qudn ddu ngUdi thdnh thi vd ndng thdn Trung Qude giai doan 2005 -2013 (Don VI Nhdn ddn te) 2005 2006 2007 I 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 Thu nhap binh q u a n ddu ngudi khu vUc t h a n h thi 10494 11760 13786 15781 17175 19019 21810 24565 26955 Thu nhap binh q u a n ddu ngudi khu vUc ndng thdn 3255 3587 4140 4761 5153 5919 6977 7019 8896 3,22 3,27 3,32 3,31 3,33 3,21 3,12 3,5 3,03 Nam Ti le chenh lech t h u nhap binh quan dau ngUdi t h a n h thi va n d n g t h d n (Nguon Cue Thong ke Ti Bdng 4: Tong kinh phi ddu tUgido due dai hoc Trung Quoc giai doan 2005 Nam Quy md GDP (ti nhan dan te) Hieu suat Tang t r u d n g GDP so vdi nam trade (%) Tdng kinh phi dau t u (Ti nhan dan te) -2013 2005 2007 2009 2011 2013 18589,6 26801,9 34562.9 48412.4 58801,8 11,3 14,2 9,2 9,5 7,7 265 79 376.23 478.28 702,09 774.26 (Nguon Cue Thong ke Tr Bdng 5- Quy md ddo tao gido due dai hoc vd hiiu sudt nhdp hoc dai hoc Nam 2005 2007 2009 2011 2013 G-.y m o t r u d n g dai hoe (tradng) 2273 2321 2689 2762 2788 Sd SV theo hoc tai cac t r u d n g dai hoc (van SV| 2300 2700 2979 3167 3410 21 23 24,2 26,9 34,5 Hieu suat nhap hoc dai hoc so vdi nam trade (%} (Nguon: Boo cdo Thong ke phd! U nghiep Giao due Trung Quae giai doan 2005-2013, Bo Gido due Trung Quoc) an t o a n , GDP d a u n g u d i gia t a n g , q u y m d gia t a n g d a n sd c h a m , O d n g t h d i , d l thUe hien m y c t i e u p h a t t r i l n ddi ngu nhan tai p h y c v u qua t r i n h p h a t t r i l n k i n h te - xa hdi N h d n g n a m g a n day, t d n g k m h p h i dau t u p h a t t n e n giao due dai hoe da t a n g n h a n h c u n g vdi t a n g t r U d n g kmh te TQ t h d n g ke k m h p h i giao d y e dai hoe eua Cue Thdng ke eho thay, n a m 2013 t d n g kinh p h i d a u p h a t t r i l n giao due dai hpe dat 774 26 t i n h a n d a n te, t a n g 2,9 lan so vdi n a m 2005 Dac btet, n a m 2007 vdi m d e tang t r u d n g GDP dat 14,2%, t d n g kinh p h i d a u t a g i a o due dai hoc dat 376.23 t i n h a n d a n te, t a n g 41,6% so vdi nam 2005, Sau giai d o a n chiu tac d d n g k h u n g h o a n g tai chinh, t a n g t r u d n g kinh te c d chieu l i u d n g di x u d n g n h u n g T r u n g Q u d e v a n t i e p tue day m a n h t a n g cUdng dau t u phdt t r i e n giao due dai hoe Cu t h e n a m 1 , tdng kinh p h i d a u t a dat 702,09 ti n h a n d a n te, t a n g 46,7% so vdi n a m 2009 Tang k m h p h i d a u t u d a dan d e n quy m d t r u d n g hoc, q u y m d smh vien (SV) va hieu suat nhap hoc (Hieu suat n h a p hoc = Ti ie SV 18 - 22 t u o i t h e o hoc tai cac t r U d n g dai h o c / T o n g d a n sd t r o n g d d t u d i 18 - 22) t a n g n h a n h qua cac n a m Giai d o a n 2005 - 2013, t r o n g n a m , q u y m d trUdng hoe da t a n g 1,2 lan, q u y m o SV hoc tai cac t r u d n g dai hoe tang 1,48 lan O d n g t h o i hieu suat n h a p hoc c u n g t a n g n h a n h qua cac n a m Nam 2013 vai GDP b i n h q u a n d a u n g u d i dat 3 n h a n d a n te, hieu suat n h a p hoc dat 34,5°o Sa gia t a n g n h a n h hieu suat n h a p hpc d a u t h e ki XXI d a n h d a u b u o c c h u y e n m a n g t m h lieh sd t r o n g giao due dai hoc T r u n g Qudc Giao due dai hoc T r u n g Quoc c h u y e n sang giai d o a n dai chQng hda va d a n g t r o n g t i e n t r i n h p h d cap hoa giao due dai hoc, N h u vay, tQ p h a n t i c h cd t h e thdy, sU gia t a n g lien t y c t d n g kinh p h i dau t a da giai q u y e t van de c u n g cau t r o n g giao due dai hoc Tuy n h i e n , tdc d d t a n g t r U d n g t d n g k m h p h i d a u t U p h a t t n e n giao due dai hoc cao h o n tdc d d t a n g t r u d n g q u y m d d a o t a o D i e u c u n g p h a n a n h m d t v a n de t d n tai ndi bat t r o n g g i a o d y e dai hoc T r u n g Q u d c d d la k m h p h i d a u t u van c d n t h i l u va chua t u o n g xQng vdi m d r d n g q u y m d d a o tao, 3.2 Tang trU&ng kinh phi ddu tU gido due dai hpc gida cdc tinh thdnh cd sUkhdc biet ro net T d n g kinh phi d a u t a hen tue gia t a n g la d i e u de n h a n thay, Tuy n h i e n , ehi p h i d a u t a b m h q u a n SV gtua cac k h u vUc, giQa cac t i n h t h d n h ddi vdi SV co sU c h e n h lech la d i e u k h d n g t r a n h k h d i Giai d o a n 2005 - 2011 chi p h i d a u t u b i n h q u a n SV cua 31 t i n h t h a n h da t a n g t h e o tQng n a m , n h u n g d o n a n g iuc tai c h i n h , eo che d a u t u g i a o due dai hoc, ca che c a n h t r a n h thi t r u d n g giao due tai cac dta p h u o n g p h u a n g h a o n g d a u t u giao due cua C h m h p h u tai cac dia p h u o n g k h d n g g i d n g n h a u l a m eho chi p h i dau t a b i n h q u a n SV giQa cac k h u vUc, giua cac dia p h u o n g doi vdi giao due dai hoe c u n g co su khac biet va c h e n h lech rd n e t - T r o n g n a m tQ 2005 - 1 k m h phi dau tQ b i n h q u a n / SV cao nhat van la Bac Kmh va Tay Tang, t h a p nhat van la cac t i n h c o n kho k h a n ve k m h te n h u N m h Ha, Ndi M d n g , Quy Chau, Ha Nam, Giang Tay Giai d o a n 0 - 1 , c h e n h lech chi p h i dau t U b m h q u a n , SV cao nhat va t h a p nhat da m d r d n g t u 3,68 lan len 5.01 lan SO 135-THANG 12/2016 • 103 @ NGHIEN CUU GIAO DUG NUtfC NGOAI Bdng 6: Chi phi ddu tU binh qudn SVgiai doan 2005 -2011 (Dan vr Van nhdn ddn te/SV) Nam Todn qudc Ddng Bo Trung Bo Tay Bo Cao nhat T h I p nhat 2005 1-503 1.818 1.162 1.165 Tay Tang Nmh Ha 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 1-533 632 797 865 050 2,475 1.840 1.948 2111 2,125 2,350 744 1,177 1,231 1.335 409 1,493 1.837 386 0,751 Bdc Kmh Noi M d n g 1,224 Cao n h a t / t h a p n h a t 4,5 3,69 3,145 0,853 Bdc Kmh QuyChau 1.307 3.68 466 0.943 Bdc Kinh Ha Nam 4,205 1.011 Bdc Kmh Ha Nam 1,496 416 1,644 3.9 170 1.066 Bdc Kmh Ha Nam 1.822 4,4 5,007 1,138 Bdc Kinh Giang Tay 581 1-312 2,264 5,01 (Nguon Thong ke kmh phi Gido due Trung Quoc giai doan 2005 -2011 NXB Thong Ke Trung Quocl Su khac biet dau tu cua cac tinh ddi vdi giao due dai hpe dan tdi van d l chat iQpng dao tao se dnh hudng khdng nhd den sQ phat triln kinh te tat cac dia phuong Dac biet la nhQng tinh kmh te phat trien ndng, chenh lech giau ngheo, chenh lech sQc sdn xuat, chenh lech ve trinh dd tien bd khoa hoc edng nghe giQa thi va ndng thdn cang cao vd dieu doi hdi ehinh quyen dia phuong va trung Qong can phai cd nhQng chinh sdeh mdi va hop li dieu chinh chi phi dau tu giao dye dai hoc nhdm rut ngdn khoang each chenh lech dau tu giao due dai hpc giQa cac dia phuangjtrong tinh cung nhU gida cac tinh toan qude, 5112 nhan dan te, cdthe thay tieu chuan thu hoe phi dai hoc It bien ddi giai doan 2005-2013 Qua phan tich ve van d l hoc phi cd the thay, tong thu hoc phi da tang nhanh qua cac nam nhUng tieu chuan thu hpe phi bien ddi cham, Oieu phan anh gia tang tdng thu hpc phi chu yeu xuat phat tQ md rpng quy md dao tao Viee Chinh phu it dieu chinh gid thdnh dai hoc cd t h i tao van de bat edng bdng dau tU giao due dai hpe nhung nd la dieu kien va tien de d l cac gia dinh, dac biet cac gia dinh khd khan cd dilu kien dau tUcho eon cai vao hoc tai eac tradng dai hoc qua ddgdp phan thuc hien muc tieu dai ehung hda va phd cap hda giao due dai hoc 3.4 Ddu tUva tdi trp titlUc lUOng xa hpi cd han Kinh phi dau tU cua lUc lUOng xd hdi ddi vdi giao dye dai hoc Trung Qudc tang trUdng cham va chilm ti le vd cung cd han tdng kmh phi dau tU phat tnen giao due dai hoc Trung Qudc Cao nhat la nam 2005, chiem 1,15% tdng kinh phi dau tQ, cae nam cdn lai chiem khdng tdi l%tdng kinh phi dau tu Dieu dd cho thay, lOi ich dau tU phat trien giao due dai hoe Trung Qudc chua thuc su thu hut xa hdi tham gia dau tu Tai tro cua luc luang xa hdi ddi vdi dau tU gido due dai hoc cung ed han, Giai doan 2005 - 2011, tdi trocua lUc luong xa hdi doi vdi giao due dai hoe hang nam chiem 3.3 Ddu tu tit hpc phi ngUdi hpc Tong thu hoc phi da tang qua cae nam nhUng bien ddi tdng thu hoe phi ehiem ti le tdng kinh phi dau tu cd ehieu hudng giam Tdng thu hoe phi nam 2011 dat 186.23 ti nhan dan te, tang 2,22 lan so vdi nam 2005, Tdng thu hoe phi chilm ti le tdng kmh phi dau tu ban dau chiem ti te eao (chilm ban 30% tdng kmh phi dau tu), sau gidm xudng ehi cdn 26,52% vao nam 2011 goc dd tieu chuan thu hoc phi Bien doi tieu chuan thu hoc phi giao due dai hoc Trung Qudc tuong ddi cham, Cu the, nam hoc 2013 tieu chuan thu hoc phi cac trudng dai hoc thudc de an 985 dao ddng tU 4500 nhan ddn te den 5300 nhan dan te, Bdng 7- Tong thu hoe phi gido due dai hoc Trung Qudc cdc trudng dai hoc thude de an Nam 2005 2007 2009 221 dao ddng tU 3850 nhan dan te den 6000 nhan dan te, cac Sd SV theo hoc tai eac t r u d n g dai hoe (van SV) 2300 2700 2979 trudng dai hoc thudc tinh dao 265,79 376 23 478 28 ddng tQ 3500 nhan dan te den Tong kmh phi dau tU (Ti nhan dan te) 5000 te So vdi dmh mQc tieu Tong thu hoc phi (Ti nhan dan te) 83,79 127 74 159,39 chuan thu hoc phi binh quan tai 31,52% 33,95% 33,32 cac traong dai hoc nam 2005 la Ti le hoc phi chiem t d n g kmh phi dau tU (%) 2011 3167 702 09 186 23 26,52% {Nguon Cue Thong ke Trung Quoc) • KHOA Hpc GIAO OUC NGHliN COU GIAO DUC NUDC NGOAI ^ khong tdi 1% tong kinh phi dau tU Cao nhat Bdng 8: Ddu tuvd tdi tra eua luc luang xd hoi giai doan 2005-2011 Id ndm 2011, tdng tdi tro cua luc luong xa hdi (Dan vi: ti nhdn ddn ti) dat 4.34 ti nhdn ddn te nhung cung chi ehllm 2007 2009 2011 2005 Nam khdng tdi 0.62% tong kinh phi dau tu 265.79 376.23 478.28 702,09 Tdng kinh p h i d a u t u Ket luan Qua phdn tieh nhQng dae trUng ed tinh Ddu tUtQlUc l u o n g xa hdi 3,19 3,31 3.33 3.08 tuong quan giQa tang trUdng GDP vd tdng 2.12 2.75 2,64 4.34 trUdng dau tU phdt trien gido dye dai hoc Trung Tdi t r p cua lUe i u o n g xa hdi Qudc giai doan 2005 -2013, cd t h i rut mdt sd Ti le dau t u lUc lupng xa hpi 1.15% 0.85 0.69 0,47 kit luan chu ylu sau day: c h i l m t d n g kinh p h i dau t u (%) -Tdng kinh phi dau tU gido due dai hpc da 0.62 Ti le tdi t r o lUe l u o n g xa hdi 0.80 0.73 0.55 tdng trudng nhanh cung vdi tdng trUdng GDP Tuy vdy, tdc dp tdng trudng kinh phi dau tU da c h i l m t d n g kinh p h i dau tU (%) cao hOn tdc dp md rdng quy md ddo tao Dilu (Nguon: Cue Thong k4 Trung Q phdn dnh kinh phidau tu phdt triln giao due dai hoe van cdn thieu so vdi nhu eau md rdng Qude vdi ti le hdng nam chilm tren 50% tdng kinh phi ddu quy md ddo tao d l hudng tdi thue hien myc tieu phd tu Viec glQ vai trd chd dao dau tU phdt trien gido cap hda gido due dai hpe thdi gian tdi dye dai hoc tai Trung Qude se giup Chinh phu Trung Qudc - Chenh lech ve GDP binh qudn dau ngUdI va thu dieu tiet vT md dau tu phat trien giao due dai hpc theo nhap binh quan dau ngudi giQa cae tinh thdnh vd ede myc tieu, ehien luoc d l ra.Tuy vay, tang trudng kinh te cd khu vue kinh t l phdn anh nang lUe phdt triln kinh t l chieu hudng di xudng va khd dU bao thdi gian tdi, khdng ddng deu glQa cac tinh va ede khu vQe kinh ddng thdi de thuc hi|n muc tieu chien luoc din giQa t h i te.Dllu ndy da tde ddng trQcrilp d i n chi phiddu ta binh ki XXI Trung Qudc trd cUdng qudc gido due dai hpc qudn SV giQa ede tinh thanh, giQa ede khu vUe kmh t l ed v l quy md lan chat lUpng.Trung Qudc van phdi nhanh G^al doan 2005 - 2013, mac du kinh phi dau tU cua ede chdng ban hdnh cac chinh sach hpp li va kjp thdi de huy tinh thdnh va khu vUc kinh te ddi vdi SV cd tdng qua ede ddng them ngudn vdn dau tU ngoai ngdn sach nhd nude, ndm nhutig bj mat edn ddi ro ret dae biet Id tQ lUc lUOng xa hdi, -Tinh ed han dau tUcda lUc lupngxa hdi ddi vdi gido dye dai hpe cho thay mdt nhufng van d l TAIU£UTHAMKHAO ton tai dau tu phdt tnen gido dye dai hoe tai trung [1] Cue Thdng ke Trung Qudc, Tdng trUdng GDP, Qudc: Gido due dai hpcTrung Qudc tiiUc sUehUa thu hut GDP binh qudn ddu ngudi vd thu nhdp binh qudn dau cdc cd nhdn, td chQc, doanh nghiep tham gia dau tU ngudi 2005-2013 - Gid giao dye dai hpc thdng qua tieu chuan [2] Cyc Thdng ke Trung Qudc, Tdng kinh phi ddu tU thu hpe phi bien doi tQOng ddi chdm tdng trQdng gido due dgi hoc2005-2013, wvjw.stat$.gov.cn nhanh eua thu nhdp binh quan dau ngQdi Id tien d l d l [3] Cyc Thdng ke Trung Qudc, Tong thu hoephf, ddu cdc gia dinh tang cadng dau tQ vao giao dye dai hoe, tu lUc lupng xd hdi vd tdi tra kinh phi cda luc lUpng xd hpi tQng budc thuc hien Id trinh phd cap hda gido due dai doi vdi gido due dgi hpe, wv*/w,stats.gov,en hpe [4] Bd Gido dye Trung Qude, Bdo cdo thdng ki phdt -Thdng qua phan tich thdng ke tdng ngudn vdn dau tnen sU nghiep Gido due Trung Quae 2005 - 2013, www/ tu, tl le ddu tu tQ ngudi hoc (hpe phi) vd lye luong xd hdi moe.gov.cn eho thay ngdn sdch dau tu tQ Nlia nQdc van giQ vai trd [5] Thong ki chi phi Gido due Trung Qude 2005 -2011, ehu dao ddu tU phdt trien giao dye dai hpe Trung NXB Thdng ke Trung Qude THE CHANGE FEATURES IN GDP GROWTH AND INVESTMENT IN DEVELOPING CHINESE HIGHER EDUCATION IN PERIOD 2005-2013 Phan Anh Tuan Institute of Education Economics Research and Management University of Science and Technology Beijing, China Email: fananhtuan@yahoo.com Abstract: In recent years, funding investment into Chinese higher education has continued to increase with constantly expanding of training scale Chinese higher education entered stage of mass education and on the way to universalize education Basing on the statistics period 2005 - 2013 from the Bureau of Statistics and fVlinistry of Educa of China, the author analyzed changes m GDP and investment growth in developing Chinese higher education There the basic features were withdrawn in the correlation between changes In GDP and the growth of investment in develop Chinese higher education Keywords: Features; changes; GDP growth; investment in higher education Sdl35-THANG12/2016 • 105 ... i n Id Trung Bd(2,8), Odng Bd (2,5) TQ phan tich biln ddi tdng trQdng GDP Trung Qude giai doan 2005- 2013 eho thay biln ddi tang trudng GDP khdng ddng nhat qua cac giai doan Tang trudng GDP binh... trudng GDP Trung Qudc giai doan 2005 - 2013 tri mQc cao va an toan, trd dilm sdng nIn kinh te toan edu is giai doan ndy, NhiJmg dac triAig bien doi tang trudnng dau tU giao due dai hoc Trung Quoc giai. .. dai hoc Trung Quoc giai doan 2005 Nam Quy md GDP (ti nhan dan te) Hieu suat Tang t r u d n g GDP so vdi nam trade (%) Tdng kinh phi dau t u (Ti nhan dan te) -2013 2005 2007 2009 2011 2013 18589,6