I NGHIEN cdu Ll LUAN SUf DUNG CAM BIEN KET NOI MAY TINH H O T R O THI NGHIEM TRONG DAY HOC VAT Ll d T R U O N G TRUNG HOC PHO THONG MAI VAN TRINH Bo Gliio due ii Bdo tao Email invtrlnh@inoeLedu vii N[.]
I NGHIEN cdu Ll LUAN SUf DUNG CAM BIEN KET NOI MAY TINH HO TRO THI NGHIEM TRONG DAY HOC VAT Ll d TRUONG TRUNG HOC PHO THONG MAI VAN TRINH - Bo Gliio due ii Bdo tao Email: invtrlnh@inoeLedu.vii N B U Y I N DAN6 THUAN - Tntimq Bai hoc S^l Bin Email: thuanvatly@gmall.com Tdm tdt: Viee phdn tich cdc Igi ich cua Viee stf dung edm bien vd cdc thiit bi kit rioimdy tinh ho trg thi nghiim mang Igi nhieu lai ich day hge Vdt If d trudng trung hoe phd thdng nhU: Thu thdp sd lieu nhanh, nhieu han vd ehinh xik han; Khd ndng xtflisd lieu manh mi; Khd nang tim hieu vdn di nhanh vd de ddng bde Id bdn chdt hiin tugng; Tim hiiu sdu han vi cdc hiin tugng - quy ludt vdtii; Mdra nhiiu phuang dn tim hieu hien tugng vd quy ludt vdt //j Giup gido viin vi hge sinh tiet kiem thdi gian; Tgo hi^g thu vdi nhiim vu hoc tap; Giup phdt trien ndng lUc hge sinh Vdi toe dp cao, ehinh xde, thao tdc tde dan gidn, khd ndng md rdng Idn, xtfliso lieu manh me vd trtfc quan, ede bp cam biin vd thiitbikitr\& thi nghiim si giup bdc Ip cdc quy ludt vdt Ude ddng, ttfdd, ho trggido viin dugc ho trg qud trinh dgy hge tich ci/c, sdng tgo vd ndng cao hieu qud dgy hoc Bdi viit eung de cdp den thiit bi kit ndi VILabs vd edm bien sleu dm tdcgidche tgo nhdm ho tracdc thi nghiem cahoe dgy hge Vdt lid trUdng trung hge thdng Ttf khda: Thi nghiem vdt li; trung hge thdng; bo thi nghiem "ViLabs" (Nhdn bdi ngdy 20/9/2016; Nhan kit qud phdn biin va chinh sda ngdy 15/10/2016; Duyet ddng ngdy 25/01/2017) Oat van d l Cac thi nghiem (TN) day hoc (DH) Vat li vQa giup cung cd tinh khoa hpe eua k i l n thQc, vQa la cdng ey ren luyin tU duy, d c kT nang v l t h l i dp can t h i l t eho ngUdi hpe Phan kiln thQc cO hpe d capTrung hpe phd thong (THPT), vdi cac kien thdc ve chuyen ddng, thQdng x l y nhanh, ddng nen gay khd khan vile xac djnh vi tri, van tdc, gia tdc b I n g cle thiet b| thdng thQdng TrQdc day, cac phdng TN chu y l u sQ dung d c edng ey nhu can rung dien, chup I n h hoat nghiem, cdng quang diln,., de xle dinh vj tri cua vat chuyin ddng theo thdi gian Hien nay, vdi sy phat trien cua d c e l m bien, t h i l t bj ghep ndi dac biet la n l n g lUe (NL) xQ li cua may tfnh, da mdra mdt hudng di mdi, dd la sQdyng cae bd e l m bien, k i t ndi vdi may tinh de thu thap sd lieu va xQ li tren may tinh NhQng Qu diem la sd lieu dUOc thu thap nhanh hon, nhieu hon, ehinh xac hon, don gian hon; die biet II dUOc xQ li manh me, trQc quan hon, Cac bd TN nhu v l y da duoc nghien cQu bdi cle hang nhU: Cassy, Phywe (Ode), Pasco, Vernier, Fourier (MT), Coach (Ha Lan), GQY (Trung Qudc),-, Tuy Viet Nam da cd mpt sd nghien cQu Qng dyng cac boTN tren vao DH hoc sinh (HS) nhung qua trinh nghien cQu sQ dung, chung tdi thay cac bd TN tren thudng cd nhuoe diem: Khdng ed ngdn ngdtieng viet, Khdng co hQu vdi chuong trinh giang day dViet Nam; Khdng the b i l n hoac them chQc nang; Gia t h i n h cao D i e biet chua cd s u p h i n tich dung mQc loi fch cua d m bien va cac thiet bi k i t ndi vao hd trpTN DH Vat IL Trong bai bao chung tdi tap trung phan tich cac loi ich cua cam biln va thiet bi ket ndi, ddng thdi gidi thieu thiet bi k i t ndi "ViLabs" chung tdi xay dung, c h i tao nham hd trp qua trinh DH Vat li d ele trudng hpe 46 • KHOA HOC GIAO DUC Sit dung d m bien ket ndi may tinh ho tro thi' nghiem day hoc V l t li ti truTdng trung hoc phd | thdng 2.1 Lai ich su phgm sit dung edm biin ket' ndi tndy tinh ho trg thi nghiem dgy hge Vdt Hi trudng trang hoc thdng Cam biin vd thiit bi kit noi giup thu thdp sd lieu nhanh, nhiiu han vd chlnh xde han: Vdi tdc dp thu thapso lieu tQvai chye d i n v l i t r i m lan mdi gily, d c d m bien va t h i l t bi k i t ndi ed t h i t h u t h i p nhanh v l nhilu sd lieu, cQc ki hQu fch eho each hien tupng xay nhanh Com bien vd thiet bi ket noi cung cdp khd ndng xdllso lieu manh me Nhd vieccd ket ndi may tinh, sd lieu ed the dupe xQ li rat nhanh va manh, tQ v i l e tinh d e thdng so trung binh, sai sd dOn g i l n cho d i n viee tinh dao hlm,ve dd thi, tim ehu ki, tan so, Cam bien vd thiit bi kit ndi md khd ndng tim hieu vdn de nhanh vd de ddng bde td bdn chdt hiin tUgng: Vcfi kha nang k i t ndi vdi m I n hinh may tinh d e t h i hiln lap tdc dudl dang true quan (dd thi, b l n g bieu), elm bien v l cac t h i l t bi k i t ndi giup h i l n tUOng vat li hien ro bin chat cua minh mdt d c rd rang O i l u giup cle hoat ddng eua HS nhu gpi ten hien tuong, md ta k i t q u i quan sat dupe thUc hien nhanh v i g a n vdi b i n chat vat linhlt TQ dd, l l m CO sd eho HS tien hanh cae hoat ddng nghien cQu sau dd n h u d e xuat g i l thuyet, lua chpn phuong In kiem chdng g i l thuyet, Cam bien vd thiet bi kit ndi md khd ndng tim hieu cdc vdn de vdt li khd mpt edeh de ddng han: Nhilu hien tuong vat li xay nhanh va khdng true quan, vi du nhD dao ddng, sdng, ddng dien xoay chieu,.,, Vi vly, rat kh6 de HS hieu rd rang d c gid hoc tim hieu d e kiln thQc neu khdng cd t h i l t bi giup HS hinh dung ve hien tupng d m bien v l t h i l t bi k i t ndi m d co hoi ro NGHIEN CUU LJ LUAN ' inet cho viec tryc quan hda quy luat ele hien tUOng nhU vay Nhd dd, HS hoat ddng tim hieu hien tuong va d e Ifquy lult eua nd mdt each de dang hon ' Cam bien vd thiit hi kit ndi md kha ndng tim hieu sdu han ve cdc hien tugng - quy luat vat If Vi du, HS de dang khao sat van tdc, gia toe, ddng nang, t h i nang cua ' dao ddng ma chi can mat vai phut eho viec thu thap so lieu Oilu cd y nghia cue ki quan ddi vdi viec liphattrien tuduy sang tao eua HS.Vdi kha nlng nhayben cua minh, nhieu HS co nhQng thIc mSc, tim toi xa hon, sang tao hon nhieu so vdi van de dat eua bai hoc Dd eung la mdt khia canh cao cua tinh sang tao hoe tap Cam bien vd thiet bi ket noi md nhieu phuang dn tim hiiu hien tuong va quy ludt vat li: Vdi mdi hiln tUOng va quy lult vat li, ludn ed nhieu phuong an de nghien cQu, kiem tra, kiem chdng Do gidi han ve kha nang, va thilt bi, ngudi vdn khdng thda man vdi cae phuong an ma minh thUc hien, Khi mdt phuang an mdi duoc thuc hien, ban chat vat li hien rd hOn, tham chi xuat hien quy luat mdi Cam biin va thiet bi ket noi giup gido vien (GV) vd HS tiet kiim thdi gian, ddnh tdm tri cho edc giai dogn nhdn thdc khdc cua qud trinh DH-CacTN vat li OH thudng chilni nhieu thdi gian cua qua trinh DH nhat la cac tiet li thuylt, vi phai tdn nhilu thdi gian dac, xQ li so lieu Dieu hoan toan duoc khae phuc nhd kha nang ciia cle cam biln va thiet bi ket ndi, Nho vay, GV va HS cd nhieu hon thdf gian cho cac giai doan hoc tap khae nhu Oe xuat gia thuyet, xay dUng phuong an, cung ed,„ Cam bien va thiet bi ket noi tao hdng thu vdi nhiem vu hoc tap: Do tinh chat hien dai cua thiet bi, gan gui voi nhQng Qng dung tan tien cudc sdng, cac TN kit ndi may tinh mang lai cam xuc mdi me, hQng thu, tam li mudn tim hieu cho HS Dieu budc dau giup HS hang hai tim hieu kien thQc kham pha hien tuong, td do, hieu qua DH, dac biet la NL sang tao cd nen tang de phattnen Cam bien vd thiet bi ket ndi giup phdt tnen NL H5, ddc biet la NL thUc nghiem va NL sdng tao Danh nhieu hon thdi gian cho cac giai doan tim hieu hien tUong, de xuat gia thuyet, xay dung phuong an TN, xd li ket qua theo nhieu each khae nhau, ehinh la tien de quan de giup HS phat tnen NL thUc nghiem va NL sang tao 2.2 Gidi tbiiu thiet bi ket noi ViLabs vd edm bien siiu dm ho trgdo khoang cdch 22.1, Ve phdn cdng Thilt bi ket noi ViLabs giup thu thap sd lieu tQ cac cam biln, xQ li va dUa ket qua hien thi len man hinh hien thi Trong do, chung tdi diJng board mach chfnh Raspberry thdng dung, dUOc phd bien rdng rai tren toan the gidi, gia re, hieu nang cao Kha nang md rdng la rat Ion, cd the ket noi voi nhieu thiet bi khae nhu man hmh, cac thiet bi ngoai vi qua cdng USB, cac ket ndi khdng day wifi, bluetooth, Lap trinh dieu khien phat tnen hoan toan dUa tren nhdng du an opensource, nen dam bao ve van de ban quyen cung nhu kha nang nlm bat cong nghe, kha nang chinh neu can, la QT Framework (bo thu vien cho ngdn ngQ C++), SQLite (quan li cD sd dQ lieu), Apache web server Cam bien sieu Im khoang each dupe chung tdi sQ dung la cam bien sieu am SRF 05, Day la cam bien xac dinh khoang each dya tren nguyen li "Thdi gian bay" TOF (Time of Flight) Trong do, cam bien CO mdt dau phat song sieu am, mot dau thu lai song phan xa tQ vat can Khoang thdi gian giQa lan phat va lan thu (At) duoc, Hinh 2: Cam bien sieu dm SRF 05 vd hop cam bien hodn thien ta tinh duoc khoang each (s) theo he thQc: s = — — (trong dd v la tdc dd am thanh) Cam bien sieu am SRF 05 co khoang dotQ3cm den 4m vacdgoemdla 15' moi ben Day la cam bien sieu am cddd chinh xlc kha cao va dd on dinh tot so vdi cac cam bien sieu am khae tren thi trudng, Odng thdt, vi tde dd am cd su thay doi theo nhiet dd nen chung tdi bo tfi them mdt cam biet nhiet LM35 de xac dmh nhiet dd mdi trudng, t i ; canh chinh van tdc am theo cdng thQc v = 331 +0,6t (vdi t la nhiet moi trudng), Tuy nhien, de danh gia day dii nang khoang cach ciia cam bien sieu am SRF 05 cung nhu kha nang ket ndi dn dmh ciia bo TN, sau hoan thanh, chiing tdi tien hanh danh gia qua cae chi sd sau: Sai lech khoang each bang cam bien sieu am SRF 05; Thai gian ket ndi dn dinh lien tuc cua bdTN:Ddtre so lieu thu duoc tQcam bien va hien thi len may tinh, Ve mat danh gia sai lech khoang each bang cam bien sieu am SRF 05: Phuong phap ciia chung toi la bo tri tam phing co dmh nhu Hinh 3, tien hanh khoang each bang thudc Isn, tinh gia tn trung binh (A) va sai so (B) Sau do, tien hanh lai khoang cach bang cam bien SRF 05 duoe gia tn trung binh (C) va sai so tuong ung (D) So sanh sai lech giiia cac gia tn A, B voi C, D de danh gia sai lech phep cua cam bien SRF05 vdi phep bang thuoc SO 13G-THANG 1/ZQ17 • Q NGHIEN CflU Li LUAN Hinh 3: TN ddnh gid sai lech khodng edeh bdng edm biin sieu dm SRF Kit qui chung tdi thu dupe the hien BIng Nhu v$y, sai lech cOa kit q u i khoing d c h bIng d m biln sieu I m SRF05 thdng qua bd TN ViLabs la nhd, hlu hit ehi dudl 1,6% Sai lech la d i p Qng dUoc phdp d e TN d trudng THPT V l mat dn dinh k i t ndi, chung tdi thUe hiln ke ndi lien tuc nhilu lan, mdi lan tQ d i n gid liln tue v l chua phIt hiln loi nlo Ve mat ddng bd sd lieu, quan sit cho thay sd lieu thay ddi lap tdc ele thdng sd TN thay ddi 2.2.2 Vephdn mim Phan mem xQ li dQpc chung tdi xay dung trIn nen web va holn toln dua tren nen ting thU vien md, cu t h i la Apache web server Oilu d i m bio dp tUPng thfch cao tren nhilu thilt bj hiln tai (smartphone, tablet, laptop, PC ) Giao diln ngudi dung duoc thilt k l don giln, bd tri mach lac, d l sQ dyng v l dUOC phdi mlu d n than de khdng gly mdi mat (Hinh 4) Tinh nang phIn m i m da dang, de dang phat triln v l d i m bio dap uHg ele thao thae can thiet sQ dung TN DH Vat li d trUdng THPT Cy the nhQ thu thap sd lieu, luu lai dang bang, quan sat sd lieu thay ddi, tinh toln d c thdng sd (trung binh, sai sd tuyet ddi, sai sd tuong ddi,, ), ve ddthj nghiin cQu, so sanh thj nghien cQu vdi ham chuan de phIt hien quy luat, lUu sd lieu, nhap sd lieu vao lai de nghien cQu, them d c tinh toln y tren dQ lieu thu ve, CIc ehUe nlng m l chung tdi da phat triln la: + Ve dd thi trtfc tiip, song song vdi viic thu thdp sdliiu + Lay sd lieu luu Igi tiiyy ngudi stf dung bdng chtfc % S L ITinh 4: Giao dien chlnh eua phdn mim xdlfsoliiu ndng "Start/Stop Collecting" + Tuy ehinh ki hieu sdlieu thu vi, thim chu thich + Xem so liiu dd thu ve dUdi dang bdng (Data table): Trong bIng sd lieu nay, nhan chpn mdt cot bat ki, phan "Thudc tinh cdt" (Column Propersties} se hi#n cac thdng tin co b i n : Cue dai (max), eye tilu (min), trung binh (Avg), sal sd tuylt doi (Abs Eror), sai sd tUPng ddi (Re Eror) NgUdi dung cung cd the xda cdt hole ddng dQ lieu nlo dd neu mudn + Them cdt sdliiu mdi: Ngudi dung cd the tuthem cle cot sd lieu mdi tinh toan tren d c cdt sd lieu thu ve, bang d e sQ dung chdc nang "ThIm cdt" {Add Column) Bieu thQc tinh cdt sd lidu mdi tren cdt sd lieu thu ve dUdc quy Ude theo thdng le qudc te: dis(x) I I dao him eCiax; eonst(A) la hIng sd A, , + Them dd thi: Sau da ed bIng sd lieu gdm cac sd li|u thu dupc tQ d m bien (vi dy: 11 dp) va d c sd lieu tinh thIm (vi du: van tdc, gia tdc, ), ngudi diing holn toan c d t h l v e d d t h j khIo sit cae dai iQpng nly thay d^l theo thdi gian nhQthI nao, tham chi khIo sit sUthayd^l cua dai luong theo dai luong khae, bIng Bdnq 1: Bdnq kit qud dosai lich Siiu dm SRF 05 chQc nang "Them dd thi" {Add Graph) Sai l^cb ffoa sensor + So sdnh dd thj vdi hdm chudn: tAtl Bn biiBlkirat Bobi-B^e^r sd lieu thu v l hole tao them dupc ve Tiung Saisd Sais6 Sai lech thi n h u t r l n se cho chung ta c l i nhin rdrang tnyel dm niungdfii nyet d6i nitrng mi toyet d6i nrongddi v l quy luat vat li nhQng khdng t h i khSng (cm)