nuniEii ifuu LI uiitn £ HINH THANH Kl NANG SlT DUNG THI NGHIEM TRONG DAY HOC CHO SINH VIEN SI/PHAM VAT LI LE MINH THANH CHAU Tnffmg Bai hoc Sal Gin Email lemtchau@gmall coiii Tdm tdt Vdt li hpc Id mdn[.]
nuniEii ifuu LI uiitn £ HINH THANH Kl NANG SlT DUNG THI NGHIEM TRONG DAY HOC CHO SINH VIEN SI/PHAM VAT LI LE MINH THANH CHAU Tnffmg Bai hoc Sal Gin Email: lemtchau@gmall.coiii Tdm tdt: Vdt li hpc Id mdn khoa hpe thUe nghiem Viee day hoe Vdt liphdi gdn lien vdi thi nghiim vdt li Trong bdi viet ndy, chung tdi trinh bdy casd khoa hoc de xdc dinh he thdng kindng sddung thi nghiem day hoe, kindng quan cdn h'inh thdnh cho sinh vien sUpham vdt If Trong qud tnnh to ehde, hudng dan hoc tdp bdng thi nghiem, sinh vien cdn biet cdch phoi hap ede ki ndng vdi nhdng phuang tien day hoc khdc td dd, xdy dung vd phdt trien, thuc hien hoat ddng day hoe theo yeu edu doi mdi Tdkhoa: Phuang phdp day hoc; sinh vien sUphqm Vdtii; kindng sddung thi nghiem (Nhan bdi ngdy 08/11/2016, Nhdn ket qua phdn bien vd chinh sda ngdy 10/12/2016, Duyet ddng ngdy 27/12/2016) Dat van de Vat li la mdn khoa hpc thUe nghiem, cac tri thde vat lihd" het duoc xay dung dua tren cac ket qua thi nghiem (TN) hoac duoc kiem chQng bang thUe nghiem, Vi vay, ddi mdi phaong phdp day hoe (PPDH) vdt li phai gdn hen vdi cai tien eac TN, tdng eUdng vai trd cua TN tUng don vi eua kien thUe, Dieu ndy khdng ehi giup viec hoe Vat li trd nen dung ban chat hon ma edn mang lai eho hoe sinh (HS) sQ hQng thu va tich cUc hoat ddng hoc tap, chiem hnh tri thUc, Hay ndi each khac, day hpc (DH) Vat li phdi gan lien vdi TN vat li Hien nay, thuc te cho thay, viec DH Vat li d trudng phd thdng, TN vat li chua duoc eoi dung mUc nhieu nguyen nhan Trong do, cd nguyen nhan giao vien (GV) cdn hoc tap nghien cQudtrUdng sU pham chUa daac dao tao va tu dao tao chu dao, nghiem tue, ehaa coi gid thuc hanh, dan den hieu biet ve TN khdng day du, ki nang (KN) TN chUa tdt dan den viee sQ dyng TN vao DH cdn IQng tQng Mat khac, qua trinh DH cac hpc phan ve TN vdt li thdng, k\ nang (KN) sQ dung TN vao DH chQa dQoe bdi dudng todn dien, he thdng; sinh vien (SV) ehi tap trung hinh KN TN dan den viee dua TN vao mue dich DH gap nhieu khd khan Nhu vay, van de hinh thanh, boi dudng nhQng KN sQ dyng TN vao DH cho SV su pham la van de can duoc quan tam, dac biet cac trudng sU pham, noi dao tao vd bdi dudng dpi ngu GV Co^ sd xay diTng he thdng kT nang SIJT dung thi nghiem day hpc can hinh thdnh d sinh vien sU pham Vat li SQ dung TN DH Vat li duae coi la mdt cac yeu td ddi mdi PPDH, TN la yeu td khdng the thieu ddi vdi qua trinh day va hoc Vat li Vi vay, ndng lUe thUc nghiem la phan quan cua nang lue DHVatIi, gdn lien vdi KN TN, dac biet id KN sQ dung va tdng quat nhatlaKNDHvdiTNvatIi, Oe phdt tnen nang lue sQ dung TN DH eho SV sU pham can xac dinh rd nhQng KN DH cu the, tQ dd xay dung va phdt trien, thUc hien hoat ddng DH theo yeu cau ddi mdi, Co sd de xdy dQng he thdng KN sQ dung TN DH ddi vdi SV sQ pham la mue tieu gido due mdn Vdt li d trudng thdng, chudn nghe nghiep GV trung hoc thdng, ca sd li ludn veKNsd dung TN DHva phdn tich hoat ddng nghe nghiep thuc te cua GV []] Nhiem vu cua GV la td ehde, hudng dan eho HS lam TNdeHStUlUc hoat ddng chien ITnh tri thQc, hlnh cac KN, nang iQc nhan thQc, Do dd, de thQc hien tdt nhiem vu nay, SV can cd KN lap ke hoach DH vdi phuong tien la TN, cuthela KN lap ke hoach sQ dung TN DH Vat li (KN thiet ke) va KNthQc hien viec sQdung TN theo ke hoach DH da de (KN thQc hien) [2] Nhuvay qua mdt sd phan tich tren, de sQdung TN hieu qua DH Vat li, SV can cdKWr/iief/ce phuang on sddung TN DH va KN thUe hien phuang dn sddung TN DH Ngoai ra, SV cung can phai cd KN sddung TN de nghien cdu vdt li nh^m trauddi kien thQc chuyen mdn, phue vu qua trinh DH Day la nhQng KN quan trong, tien quyet de phat tnen KN sQ dung TN DH cho GV Vat li He thdng kT nang sii dung thi nghiem day hpc can hinh thdnh d sinh vien sU pham Vat li 3.1 Nhom kinang sddung thi nghiem de nghien cdu Vat li 3.1.1 Nhom ki ndng thiet ke phuang dn thi nghiem nghien edu VdtIi Thiet ke TN Id mdt khdu viee lap ke hoach nghien cQu vdi phuong tien la TN Thdng qua dd de tim cau tra Idi cho van de dat hoac rut dUOc ket ludn ve mot hien tuong nao do, Vdi ciing mdt ndi dung TN, cd the cd nhieu phuong an TN khac nhau, thudc vao muc dich va dieu kien thiet bi De hinh KN tren SO 135-THANG / U NGHItN COU Ll LUAN 4) KN quan sdt, thu thdp thong tin, so lieu SV can cd nhQng KN cu the nhQ sau: Viee quan sdt, thu thap thdng tin, sd lieu dnh hudng 1) KN xdc dinh muc dieh TN sddung bdi hoc: De phdt huy duoc cdc chQc ndng cua viec sQdung TN rat Idn den chinh xdc cua ket quaTN Cac thao tdc can thuc hien: Chon vj tri quan sat thich hop; Nhan biet da'u DH thi TN phdi la mdt bd phdn hOu cP eua qud trinh DH Phdi xac dinh rd mue dich cua TN vd chQc ndng Ii ludn hieu bdn chat; Dpe chi sd tren dyng eu dung phuwig phdp; Ghi cac gia tr; dung nguyen tde, DHcuaTN 2) KN xdc dinh ede bien sd, chisd cdn quan sdt, dac 5) KN trinh bdy so lieu, xilli vd phdn tieh thdng tin TQ sd lieu thu dUOC, can tien hanh: Trinh bay diJIieu De xac dinh daac cdc bien sd, chi sd can hoac tinh todn, ddi hdi suy ludn logic hay suy ludn toan hpc de md dQdi dang bdng, dd thj, Tinh cdc gid tr; trung binh, sai so; Phdn tich, tdng hpp, quy nap hay dien djch de rut kei td he thdng bien sd, chi sd quan sat, dac duoc 3) KN lua chpn cdc dung cu TN: Can dQa vdo myc luan, bien ludn de rut ket qud cudi cung, 6) KN ddnh gid vd edi tien TN dich TN, cac bien sd can quan sdt de chpn iQa nhQng Xac dmh nhQng diem can bo sung, sda ddi toan 66 dyng cu thich hpp 4) KN xdy dung sa do, Idp rdp TN: Bd tri TN khdng chicdng viec lien quan den TN tQ thiet ke den tien hanh TN 3.2 Nhom ki ndng sCf dung thi nghiem dof nhdm tim ket qud ma phdi bd tri ro rang, de quan sat, loai bd tdi da cdc hien tUpng khdng mong mudn ddi vdi hpc Vat li 3.2.1 KJ ndng thiet ke phuang dn sd dung thi nghiem HS 5) KNxdy dung quy trinh tien hdnh TN: Viee xay dUng day hpe Thiet ke phQOng an sQ dung TN DH Id lap ke quy trinh id xdc dinh trinh tU thao tde vdi dyng cu TN, ddng thdi phdi nhdn rd mdi nguy hiem qua trinh hoach sQ dung TN de td chQc boat ddng hpe tdp cua SV, thUe hien., Oe sQ dung TN edng, hieu qud, dat muc tieu 6) KNxde dmh cdch thdc quan sdt, thu thap, trinh bdybdi hpe de ra, SV can tap ke hoach vd chuan bi can than, s6lieu:Xac dinh thdi diem, vi tri de thu thap ket qud dupe NhQng KN cu the nhU sau: chinh xdc tdi da, da kien duoc pham vi cda ede dai luang 1) KN xdc dinh muc dich sddung TN DH can do, De viec sQ dung TN Id mdt bd phdn hQu co cua qua 7) KN xdc dinh cdch thdc, phuang dn xd li, phdn tich trinh DH, GV can xdc dinh rd myc dich dUa TN vdo DH sd lieu de rut ket ludn vdn de.D6\ vdiTN dinh tinh can nhdm dat dupe cae muc tieu DH cd ve kien thQc, KN va phdt bieu cdc ket qua quan sat, nhdn xet Odi vdi cac TN thdi dp dinh luang, ket qua dua phdi ro rang, chinh xdc, lam 2) KN xdc dinh nhiem vu SV cdn thuc hien trdn sd cae ket qud ed y nghla De ddm bdo cho SV y thQc dQpc rd rdng vd tham gia 3.1.2 Nhdm ki ndng thUe hien phuang dn thf nghiem tich cQe vao cdc giai doan eua TN, gidng vien can giao nghien cdu cho SV cae nhiem vu cy the viee chuan bi TN, tien 1) KN sd dung dung cu TN bien d trUdng hanh TN,xQli ket qud TN thdng ThQc hien cdng viec can can cQ theo muc tieu Viee tien hdnh TN, dac chinh xac ddi hdi SV phdi DH, dieu kien ve thdi gian, dung cu TN, trinh dd va ki sQ dung duac cac TN dam bao cac yeu cau: thudt TN cua SV - SQdung cac thiet bjdQng chQc nang, Yeu eau eu the nhu sau: Xdc dinh rd nhiem vu ciia -Thao tac nhanh, chinh xac, ddm bao dung nguyen SV can thuc hien; Xac dinh rd mQc dd tU lUc cua SV \ii tde va an toan eho eon ngUdi, cae thiet bi, viee tien hanh TN theo bdn hudng dan ehi tiet tdi viee SV 2) KN chudn bi, Idp ddt TN theo so hoan toan tu luc tat ed eac giai doan TN Viec tien hanh TN khong chi ddi hdi TN phai 3) KN xdc dmh hinh thde to ehde thuc hien nhiem vu edng ma cdn yeu cau thdi gian tien hanh phu hop, hoe tdp vdi TN Mudn vay, SV can biet each chuan bi, thQ nghiem lai cae De dam bao SV tich cue, tu iQc boat ddng gi6 phuong an TN da de trudc OH, lap lai TN nhieu lan hpc ddi hdi SV ed su chuan bi kl lUdng, phdi hop hlnh cho ket qua dOn tn Viee chuan bi va Idp rapTN phai thUc lam viee ed nhan va Idm viec nhdm dUdi sU dam bao yeu cau, hudng dan cua giang vien Tuong Qng vdi muctieuDH, - Chuan bi, kiem tra thQ eac dung eu TN, dam bdo kieu nhiem vu thuc hien, giang vien can xdc dinh hinh cac dung cu TN hoat ddng lot thde td ehde DH tren Idp, phdng TN hay d nha, - Ldp rap theo soddTN, nhanh chdng, dung nguyen 4) KN xdy dUng phuang dn hudng ddn SV thUc hier tdc va dam bao an toan van hanh nhiem vu hoe tdp vdi TN 3) KN tien hdnh TN De phat huy tinh tich cUc, ehu ddng, sang tao, phat Viec tien hanh TN cdng ddi hdi phai thu dUpc tnen nang lue tu hpc cua SV, giang vien can dQ kien dUOc ket qua chinh xac De thuc hien cdng viee cannhQng khd khan cua SV de dua phuong an khdc phuc - Thuc hien dung quy trinh thao tac, Phuong an hudng dan SVph^i dam bao yeu cau: GiupSV - Su dung an toan, bao quan va thao Idp vat lieu nhan biet duae muc dichTN, nhu cau tien hanh TN,Tao ihietbiTN, dieu kien cho SV cd kha nang tQ de xuat hoac iQa chon ' K H O A HOC GIAO OgC NGHIEN Cljru LI LUAN I ede phuang dn TN, tQ viec dua sO TN, lUa chon cae dyng cy, de xuat ede phuang dn quan sdt, thu thap, xQ li, trinh bdy sd lieu , Viec xdy dUng phuang an hudng dan SV thUe hien nhiem vy can cd phuong an hd trd 5V bdng each sQ dung cdc cdng cy hd tro hoc tap nhU phieu hpc tdp, phdi hap cac phuong tien DH khac nhu may tinh, may chieu, bang, 5) KN ddnh gid ket qud hoc tdp qua TN Qua trinh DH tien hdnh ddng thai vdi qud trinh kiem tra, ddnh gia, De ddnh gia mde dp ndm vQng kien thQc va KNcua SV, thdng qua cac hoat ddng tri tue-thac tien cua SV qua trinh TN, SV chQng td kien thQc va KN eua minh ThQc hien cdng viee gidng vien edn: Xdc dinh tieu ehi danh gid nhiem vy ma ngUdl hoc can thUe hien; Du kien thdi diem va each thdc tien hanh kiem tra, danh gia 3.2.2 Kl ndng thUe hien phuong an sd dung thi nghiem day hoe 1) KN chudn bi vd bd tri TN Odi vdiTN bieu dien cua gidng vien, - 0am bao sQ quan sat rd rang cua cd Idp, ddm bao thuan tien, an todn giang vien tien hanhTN, - Ddm bao eho SV quan sdt rd dien bien cua hien tuong va cdthe nhdn thay rd rang ket qud TN Ddi vdi TN thac hanh cua SV: - Dam bao sU thuan tien quan sat CLia giang vien, ed kha nang trao ddi, lam viec nhdm - Viee sap xep cae dung eu TN, he thdng, ngudn dien, ddy ndi can bd tri dam bdo an toan cac thiet bi va SV, Dieu kien tdt nhat Id cd phdng hoc bd mdn, cdng viec bd tri cd the chuan bi trudc gid hpc 2) KN to chdc hoat ddng hoc tap cua SV vdi TN Ddi vdi TN bieu dien eua gidng vien: Trong qua trinh thUc tien bieu dien TN, khdng chi yeu cau thuc hien TN nhanh, chinh xac, dam bao ket qua TN trung thac ma cdn ddi hdi; -Dmh hudng, thu hut chu y cua SVvao nhQng diem can quan sat, md ta - Cho phep SV tu de xuat phuong an TN - Tao dieu kien cho SV tim hieu nguyen t3c boat dong cua cdc dung cu TN, lap rdp dung cu va phan tich cac bp phdn, Cd the sQ dyng so do, hinh ve tren bang hoac tren giay thdng nhat vdi bd tri TN - Cho phep SV xd li ket qua TN de rut ket luan ve cac dau hieu, mdi lien he ban chat hien tuong, qua trinh vat li dang nghien cQu va phat tnen chiing bang Idi hay bang nhQng bieu thuc toan hoe DOI vdi TN SV tu tien hdnh-V]ect\en hanhTN ciia SV khdng chi don thuan la thuc hien eac phuong an TN, ma can thdng qua qua trinh thuc hien TN, SV van dung kien thdc va KN nghien cQu hien tQong vat li theo dudng eua cac nha khoa hoc Trong SV tien hanh TN, giang vien can theo doi, giup dd kip thdi SV gap khd khan, mac sai sdt, ddm bdo SV sQ dung cac dung eu dQng quy tdc va an toan, De thQc hien cdng viec tren, gidng vien can; - Hudng dan dung luc, dung chd va vdi mQc dd can thiet, ddng thdi dieu khien hoat ddng cua SV dung tien dd, NhQ vdy, giang vien can ed kha nang bao qudt hoat ddng eua nhdm SV de giup dd kip thdi - Hudng dan SV ghi chep day du, chinh xac, trung thuc ket qua TN, thao rdi vd sap xep cae dyng eu gon gang sau tien hanh xong TN, 3) KN hudng ddn viet bdo cdo, trinh bdy ket qud TN Viec ghi ket qua bao cdo khdng ehi ghi nhdn ket qua xQ li so lieu, qua trinh tien hanh TN nha the nao phai viet theo hudng trinh bay ket qua nghien cQu cua SV, Gidng vien can biet each hadng dan SV viet bao cdo va trinh bay ket qua nghien cQu dadi nhieu hlnh thdc khde nhau, trinh bay ket qua TN dudi dang bdng bieu, dd thi, rut ket ludn ngan gon, rd rang 4) KN thuc hien kiem tra, ddnh gid ket qud hoc tdp vdi TN Viec tien hanh kiem tra, ddnh gid khdng ehi nhdm xac nhan ket qua hoc tap ma edn ed chdc nang dinh hudng, dieu ehinh qud trinh DH, Gidng vien can thUe hien kiem tra, danh gid chinh xac, khaeh quan, trung thUe ket qua cua SV va dua nhdn xet, phdn hdi kip thdi, sudt qua trinh tU chuan bi, thue hien va bao cdoTN eua SV, 5) KN ddnh gid vd cdi tien viec sddung TN DH Viee danh gia va cai tien viec sQ dung TN DH ddi hdi phai ghi chep thudng xuyen thdng tin ve qud trinh day - hoc vdi TN, xac dinh nhQng diem can bo sung, sQa ddi toan bd edng viee lien quan den TN tU thiet ke cho den tien hanh TN DH Viec sQ dung TN la rat da dang cdc khau cua qua trinh DH.Trong qua trinh td chQc, hadng dan SVhoe tdp vdi cdcTN, gidng vien cung can biet phdi hop vdi cac phuong tien DH khac nhu may tinh, may ehieu, cdc phan mem DH,., de hd trp hoat ddng hoc tap cua SV, Ket luan Viec sQ dung TN rat da dang cac khau cua qua trinh DH Trong qua trinh td chQc, hudng dan hoc tdp bang TN, SV cung can biet each (KN) phoi hap vdi cac phuong tien DH khac,, Do KN cd tinh tong hop nen qud trinh sQ dung TN DH, SV khdng chi sQdung rieng biet mdt KN, mdt nhom KN ma can sQdyng phdi hop cac nhdm KN tren T A I L I I U THAM KHAO [1], Bd Giao due va Dao tao, (2013), Hoor ddng ddm bdo chat luang ddo tao gido vien Trung hoc phd thong vd Trung cap Chuyen nghiep, Ha Ndi, [2]- Pham Kim Chung, (2010), Luan an De xuat va thu nghiem cdc bien phdp phdt tnen ki ndng sd dung thi nghiem day hoc eho smh vien supham Vdt likhi day hoc hoe phan 'Thi nghiem Vdt li thong" (Phan Ddng hoe, ddng lUc hoe, cdc dmh ludt bdo todn)", Trudng Dai D135-THAHB 12/2016 • U NGHllN CUU LI LUAN day hoc VdtIi, TrUdng Oai hoc Vinh, hpc Supham Hd Ndi [6] Pham Xudn Que (2010), Ki ndng sii dungtk (3) Bd Giao due va Oao tao, (2006), Chuang trinh khung gido due dgi hoe, ngdnh ddo tao sUpham Vdt li (Ban nghiem day hoc Vdt li eua sinh vien ngdnh Suphom Vdf//, Tap chi Gido due, sd ddc biet, tr,3, hanh kem QD sd 28/2006/QO-BGDOT ngdy 28 thang [7], Nguyen Ode Tham - Nguyen Ngpc HUng, (1999), nam 2006 eua Bd trudng Bd Giao due va Oao tao Ha Ndi, [4] Pham Dinh Cuong, (2002), Thi nghiem Vdt li To chdc hoat ddng nhdn thdc eho hoc smh day hoc Vdt lid trudng thdng, NXB Dai hoc Qudc gia Hd Noi trudng trung hpc thong, NXB Gido due, [5] Hd Van Hung, (1995), Cdc phuang tien thi nghiem DEVELOPING SKILLS TO USE EXPERIMENT INTEACHING FOR STUDENTS IN PHYSICS PEDAGOGY MAJOR Le Minh Thanh Chau Saigon University Email: lemtchau@gmail.eoni Abstract: Physics is an experimental subject Physics teaching must be associated with physics experiments I article, we present the scientific basis for determining the skill system using in teaching - an important skill for stude in Physics pedagogy In process of organization and expenmental learning instructions, students need to know how coordinate skills with other teaching facilities, then, set up, develop and implement teaching activities as required chan Keywords: Teaching methods, students in Physics pedagogy, skill to use experiment • KHOA HOC 6IA0 DUC ... hanh TN,Tao ihietbiTN, dieu kien cho SV cd kha nang tQ de xuat hoac iQa chon '' K H O A HOC GIAO OgC NGHIEN Cljru LI LUAN I ede phuang dn TN, tQ viec dua sO TN, lUa chon cae dyng cy, de xuat ede... y nghla De ddm bdo cho SV y thQc dQpc rd rdng vd tham gia 3.1.2 Nhdm ki ndng thUe hien phuang dn thf nghiem tich cQe vao cdc giai doan eua TN, gidng vien can giao nghien cdu cho SV cae nhiem vu... -Dmh hudng, thu hut chu y cua SVvao nhQng diem can quan sat, md ta - Cho phep SV tu de xuat phuong an TN - Tao dieu kien cho SV tim hieu nguyen t3c boat dong cua cdc dung cu TN, lap rdp dung