Kinb IF ,a Dir bao Tin dung cho hoc sinh sinh vien co hoan canh kho khan of TP Ha Noi NGUYEN NGOC DIEP'''' Tom tat Tren casd nghien cUu thffc trgng thuc Men tin dting cho hgc sinh, sinh vien (HSSV) tren[.]
Kinb IF ,a Dir bao Tin dung cho hoc sinh sinh vien co hoan canh kho khan of TP Ha Noi NGUYEN NGOC DIEP' Tom tat Tren casd nghien cUu thffc trgng thuc Men tin dting cho hgc sinh, sinh vien (HSSV) tren dia bdn Hd Ndi thdi gian 2014-2015, bdi viit dd chl nhiing hgn che chinh sdch tin dung hd trg cho HSSV cdn nhiiu hgn chi, nhu: (i) Tgi mgt sd dia phuang tgi Hd Ngi chua tich cffc chu dgng cdng tdc cho vay ddi vdi cdc HSSV thugc hd ngheo; (ii) Quy md tin dung chua tuang xdng vdi nhu cdu vd sd lugng cdc ddi tugng vay vdn Vl thi, sd lugng vay vdn tgi Ngdn hdng Chinh sdchxd hgi chi nhdnh TP Hd Ngi chiim ty le rdt thdp, cdn tim gidi phdp de dUa chff truang hd trg HSSV cd hodn cdnh khd khdn cua CMnh phu di vdo dugc cudc sdng Tff khoa: hgc sinh, sinh vien cd hodn cdnh khd khdn, chlnh sdch tin dung, Ngdn hdng Chinh sdch xd hdi chi nhdnh TP Hd Ndi Summary On the basis of assessing credit for students in Ha Noi during 2014-2015, the article identifies shortcomings of supporting policies on credit for students including: (i) Some Ha Noi-based localities are less active in lending poor students; (ii) Credit amount does not meet the requirement and quantity of borrowers Thus, loan amount in the Vietnam Bank for Social Policies, Ha Noi Branch accounts for a very law rate, which needs solutions to tum government's policies into reality Keyvcords: students, students with difficult circumstances, credit policy, Vietnam Bank for Social Policies, Ha Noi Branch GI61 THIEU HSSV ed hoan eanh khd khan vay vdn da trd chtfdng trinh tin dung tfim ed qudc gia ke tff Thu tffdng Chinh phli ban hanh Quye't dinh so' 157/2007/QD-TTg De'n nay, qua hdn nam thffe hien, ChffPng trinh da gdp phfin thue day stf nghiep giao due Idp tte eua ea nffdc ndi ehung, cua TP Ha Npi ndi rieng, ddng thdi dam bao tinh cong bang trongg giao due Tuy nhien, thtfc te trie'n khai chinh sach eho HSSV ed hoan canh khd khan vay vdn tai Ngfin bang Cbinh sach xa hpi chi nhanh TP Ha Npi da hoc 16 nhieu rao can, khd khan can khac phuc PHUOfNG PHAP NGHIEN CtJU Ngay 27/09/2007, Chffdng tnnh tin dung ddi vdi hpe sinh, sinh vien theo Quye't dinh sd 157/2007/QD-Tfg cua Thu tffdng Chinh phu ddi Thu tffdng Chinh phu giao Ngan hang Cbinh saeh xa hpi Viet Nam phdi hdp vdi Bp Giao due va Dao tao, Bp Lao dpng, Thffdng binh va Xa hpi cung Bp Tai chinh trie'n khai thffc Men mpt ehffdng tnnh tin dung mang tam ed qude gia Day la ehffdng ttinh tin dung ffu dai danh eho HSSV dang theo hpe tai cae trtfdng dai hpe, eao dang, trung cfi'p va trung cfi'p nghe vay vdn hpe tap Ddi ttfdng dtfdc vay la hp ngheo, bp can ngheo theo quye't dinh cua Chinh phii; eon eua cae gia dinh gap khd khan tai ehinh tam tiidi, gap thien tai, hda boan, dich benh, dm dau, tai nan dfin den khd khan tai ehinb, ma ne'u khong eho vay dfin den bd hpc Ke ea •ThS., Tru'dng Dai hpc Kinh te Quoc dan I Email: nnd28175@yahoo.com Ngay nhan bat: 29/04/2016: Ngay phan bien: 18/05/2016: Ngay duyet dang: 19/08/2016 Economy and Forecast Review eac em md coi (md coi cha, md coi me hoac md edi ea cha Ifin me) Bai vie't sff dung cac sd heu bao cao cua Ngfin hang Chinh saeh xa hpi ehi nhanh TP Ha Npi ttong nam 2014-2015 de danh gia tiiffc ttang eho vay tin dung hd trd HSSV; eae bai bao cd lien quan de'n chinh sach cho vay tin dung hd trd HSSV tff dd, phfin tich cac ban che, de xufi't cae giai phap can thitc bien KET QUA NGHIEN CLfU Thtfc trang Ha Npi, cho HSSV cd hoan eanh khd khan vay vdn ehu ye'u dffdc thitc hien bdi Ngfin hang Chinh saeh Xa hpi Tinh de'n bet nam 2015, tdng dff n^ eua Ngfin bang Chinh saeh xa hpi Thanh phd dat gan 5.200 ty ddng, tang 6,8% so vdi dau nam va tang 57% so vdi nam 2010 Trong do, ehffdng tnnh tin dung eho vay HSSV chiem 8,8%, giiip hdn 80.000 HSSV cd hoan canh khd khan vay vdn hoc tap (Sdn Tung, 2016) Nhffng ban che ttong thffc te la: Tai mpt sd xa, phffdng, tbi tra'n, nhfi't la tai cac quan huyen ehffa ticb cite ehu dpng soat, bd sung danh sach gia dinh HSSV hp ngheo, can ngheo phat sinh ttong nam tren dia ban de xac nhfin de ngbi Ngfin bang Cbinh saeh xa hpi Thanh phd eho vay, gay khd khan cbo gia dinh HSSV ngheo tiep can ngudn vo'n ifu dai - Quy mo tin dung ehffa tffdng xffng vdi nhu cau va sd lffdng cac ddi tffdng vay vdn Ket qua boat dpng cho thfi'y, sd HSSV dffdc vay vdn tang len kha nhanh, nhien ne'u so sanh sd vdi sd HSSV thupe ddi tffdng vay vo'n eua tfi't ca eae ttffdng ttong Thanh phd edn chiem ty le thfi'p Theo thdng ke eiia Ngfin hang Chinh sach xa hpi, eon khoang 30%-40% sd HSSV thupc ddi tffdng du dieu kien vay, nhffng chffa dtfdc vay Dfiy la mpt nhffng ban che doi hdi phai dffdc xem xet - Cd efi'u eho vay theo trinh dp dao tao co sit chenh lech Idn gitta eac he dao tao cu thettongnam 2014: he dai hoc, eao dang (51.410 HSSV); cao dang nghe (86 HSSV); ttung cfi'p nghe (413 HSSV); sd cfi'p nghe (23 HSSV) (Ngan hang Chinh saeh xa hpi chi nhanh TP Ha Npi, 2015) - Mffe cho vay thfi'p ehffa dap ffng dffdc nhu cau tieu dung ciia HSSV tiieo ke't qua khao satflutete tai mpt sd tiitdng hpe eua Thanh phd, nam hpe 2014 - 2015, chi phi bpc tap cua mpt HSSV ttong khoang tit 3.000.000 ddng/ tbang de'n 3.500.000 ddng/thang (cbi phi eho mpt HSSV nong thdn len phd hpc chi phi khoang 3.500.000 ddng/thang), mffe eho vay hien la 1.100.000 ddng/ tbang mdi cbi dap ttng dffdc khoang ttt 31,4% den 37%) nhu cau cbi phi bpc tap eua HSSV - Cong tac kiem tra, giam sat vdn vay va cong tac thdng tin tuyen truyen cdn ban ehe Cong tae phdi bdp giffa cae ban, nganh, dia phffdng edn long leo anh hffdng tdi bieu qua cila chffdng trinh Tinh chfi't cua tin dung cho HSSV la tin dung tfu dai, nen nhieu ngffdi mong mudn drfde hrfdng Trong dd, nguon lite khong eho phep ciing mdt liic co thd eho vay drfdc ta't ca, n6n chi cd mdt sd ddi trfdng drfdc hd trd trffdc, la HSSV ngheo Tuy nhien, tieu ehi hp ngheo cua nong thon mdi nhd hdn 3%, nen chay tiieo tbanb tich nhieu dia phtfdng Thanh phd khong dtfa sdgia dinh ed hoan eanh khd khan vao dien hp ngheo Mat khac, ti6u chi xae dinh ddi tffdng cho vay chl dtfa vao tbu nhap la mpt vfi'n de bfi't cfip Bdi vi, danh gia mffe dp khd khan eua mpt gia dinh eon bao gdm cac yeu td khac, nhff: sd tte em hoac ngtfdi gia ttong gia dinh, sd eon la sinh vien, ngtfdi ehu gia dinh la nff hay nam va sd tai san rieng Dieu dfin ddn HSSV khong ttong dien ngheo tbu nhap, nhffng gap khd khan ve hoan canh sdng, khong dffdc tiep can vdi ngudn vo'n itu dai Thff hai, mffe vay thdp: Dieu da anh hffdng rat Idn den tfim ly cua cac hp gia dinh cd hoan eanh khd khan, vl: (1) Mffe vay thfi'p, thu tuc phffc tap, hp khong muon vay tit Ngfin hang Chinh saeh xa hpi, ma vay ngoai vdi lai sua't cao hdn; (2) Mffe vay tha'p, bp phai bd them mpt lffdng ehi phi qua Idn dieu vffdt qua kha nang tai ehinb eua bp ngheo, hp bupc phai cho eon nghi bpc Muc tieu giai quyet khd khan ve tai cbinh cho HSSV ed hoan eanh khd khan khong dat dtfdc; (3) Ben canh dd, cho vay dinh mffe ed dinh nhff hi6n cung khong phil hdp, bdi eac nganh bpc khac mffe hpe phi khae nhau, chi phi mua sam dd dung hpe tap khac Thffba, sUthieuphdi hop cua cdc cdp, cdc bg, ngdnh: Tinh trang mpt sd HSSV da vay vdn eua Ngfin hang Chinh saeh xa hpi di hpe, nhffng ttrfdng khong xin drfdc vific lam, dfin de'n nbieu bac cba me HSSV ngheo khong mudn vay vdn dau trf cho em di hpe, ma HSSV kie'm vifc lam gian ddn de ed thu nhap trtfdc mat Dieu ddng nghia vdi viec muc tieu, y nghia cua chtfdng trinh khong thrfc hien dtfdc Hoac, mpt bp phan HSSV tim dtfde viee lam, nhuhg cd mffe tbu nhap thfi'p kbi trffdng (nhfi't la trung cfi'p chuySn Mpt s6' rao can, thach thffc nghiep, day nghe tiitfdng la dffdi triSu Thff nhdt, vetieuchi xdc dinh ddi tffdng cho vay cdn ddng/thang), thi viee tra nd goc va lai nhieu bdt cap: hang thang la rfi't khd khan Nha't la gia 72 De dam bao sff phii hdp va ben vffng eiia ehinh saeh, van de can ed tieu ehi ro rang phan biet hai nhdm ddi tffdng tren va each thffc quan Iy de sff dung vo'n vay diing mue dieh Hai Id, tdng mffe cho vay dot vdi HSSV cda TP Hd Ngi: De bao dam cang cd nbieu HSSV dffdc vay dung ddi tffdng, eung nhff thitc hien muc tieu khong de cho HSSV ngheo phai bo hpe can tang mffe cbo vay Idn bdn hien Xay dffng mffe eho vay phu hdp vdi mffe hpe phi ciia tffng nhdm nganh theo quy dinh cua Bp Giao due va Dao tao, khong eao bang mffe cbo vay Tang mffe eho vay ddi vdi HSSV cua TP Ha Npi la can thie't Tuy nhien, chi dffa vao ngudn ngfin sach nha nffdc, tbi khong the eai thien dffdc flnh trang mffe eho vay thfi'p nhff bien Vi vfiy, dieu kien thffc hien giai phap la buy dpng ngudn vo'n tff cae ben eung nhff cd ke' hoaeh phfin bd ngudn vo'n bdp ly Ba Id, tdng effdng kiem tra, gidm sdt hogt dgng cho vay HSSV: Viee kiem tra, giam sat cd the dffdc flute bien bang nhieu kenh, nhieu hinh thffe khae nhau, nhff: kie'm tta giam sat dinh ky cua ban dai dien hpi ddng quan tri cae cfi'p, kiem tra eua eae doan lien nganb, kiem tra eua Thanh tta Chinh phu, Tbanb tra Ngfin hang MQT SO DE XUAT Nha nffdc, kiem tta cua Kiem toan Nha nffdc, kiem tta Mgt Id, md rgng ddi tuang vay: Viee cua eae td ehffe ehlnh tri - xa hpi, cua Ngan bang Cbinh md rpng ddi tffdng eho vay la dieu can saeh xa hpi Nhffng, du bang kenh nao, hinh thffc nao, thie't phai thffe bien Tuy nhien, viee md tbi van de td ehffe kiem tra vfin phai chti y vao cae ttpng rpng do'i tffdng cbo vay se gfiy ap life Idn tfim, trpng diem, dac biet la sau mdi ddt giai ngfin nham cho ngudn lite thrfc bien Vi vay, de giai pbat hien nhffng tdn tai ban ehe de quan ly vdn vay quye't mau thufin can cd quy dinh diing ddi tffdng, sff dung vdn dung mue dieh ngudn vdn khae eho ddi tffdng khae nhau, eu cbinh saeh tfu dai eiia Nha nffdc the dfiy chia hai nhdm do'i tffdng Dieu kien thffe bien giai phap tren la xfiy dffng dffdc cua cbinh sach be tho'ng che tai xff ly cae trffdng bdp vi pbam, dae biet - Nhdm thU nhdt la HSSV ngheo theo cac che dinh ve tin dung va ngfin hang Ben canh dd, Quye't dinh sd 157/2007/QD-TTg vfin xfiy dffng che dp khen thffdng kip thdi de khuyen khieh dupe tiep can vdi ngudn vo'n tin dung theo cae bp phfin lien quan lam viee dung phap luat, dung quy tnnh lai sufi'tffudai; Bd'n Id, tdng effdng cdng tdc pho'i hop vdi cdc eff - Nhom thU hai la HSSV thupc hp gia dinh mdi thoat ngheo va bp gia dinh ed quan lien quan: Mo hinh td ehffe boat dpng eiia Ngan hai di hpc ttd len, ed khd khan ve tai hang Cbinh sach xa hpi dae biet khae biet sff ke't chinh tiep can vdi ngudn vdn vay khong hdp gitta nhieu bp phfin hdp tbanb: cae bp, nganb, cbinh cfin tai san the chfi'p, nhffng lai sufi't bang quyen dia phffdng cae ea'p, Ngan bang Cbinh saeh xa lai sua't thi trtfdng Bdi vi, dditttdngHSSV hpi, eac td chffc nhfin iiy thac va mang Itfdi eac td tiet hp gia dinh khong fliupe ddi tffdng dffdc kiem Do vfiy, de chtfdng tnnh cbo vay pbat trien ben thu hffdng theo quy dinh tai Quye't dinh vttng, can tang ctfdng phdi bdp gitta Ngfin hang va eae sd 157/QD-TTg ed thu nhap cao hdn, nen cfi'p chinb quyen, hpi doan the tao sffc manh tdng bdp chiu mffe lai sufi't cao bdn de dam bao sff nham thffe bien tot nhiem vu, ma ban thfin mpt nganh, mpt td ehffe khdng lam dffdc.• cong bang ttong chlnh saeh dinh da ra't khd khan ve kinh te, khong ed ngudn kinh phi khae bd ttd thi cang khong cd dieu kien tra nd dung ban (dien dac biet khd khan, md coi) Thii tff, chffa thffc Men tdt cong tdc binh xet cho vay, kiem tra, gidm sdt: Tai mpt sd ndi, UBND cap xa chtfa thffe hien viee kiem tra, dieu tra bd sung kip thdi hp ngheo, hp can ngheo, bp gia dinh khd khan dot xufi't ve tai chinh Viec trien khai xae nban eho eac ddi ttfdng nhieu dia phtfdng ed sit khac nhau, ndi qua chat, ndi qua long leo, chtfa chat ehe, qua ne nang Ca biet mpt sd ndi, hp cd nhu cau vay vdn khong thupe ddi trfdng hp ngheo, hp can ngheo, nhrfng deu xae nhfin hp ed khd khan dot xufi't ve tai chinh de dtfdc vay vo'n, tao ap life ve ngudn vo'n vay Sff phdi hdp giffa Ngan bang va eac cap cbinh quyen dia phffdng d mpt so' ndi cdn ehffa tot TAI LIEU THAM KHAO Tbu ttfdng Chinb phu (2007) Quyit dinh sd 157/2007/QD-TTg, ngdy 27/09/2007 vi Chuang trinh tin dung ddi vdi hgc sinh, sinh vien Ngan hang Cbinh sach x.a hpi Viet Nam Bdo cdo thudng Men 2015 Ngan bang Chinb saeh xa bpichi nhanh TP Ha Npi (2014-2015) Bdo cdo thudng nien 2014-2015 Sdn Tilng (2016) Hd Ngi ddn ddu cd nudc vi uy thdc vdn ngdn sdch dia phuang, truy cap til' http://vbsp.org.vn/ha-noi-dan-dau-ca-nuoc-ve-uy-tbae-von-ngan-sach-dia-phuong.html Economy and Forecast Review 73 ... ehinb eua bp ngheo, hp bupc phai cho eon nghi bpc Muc tieu giai quyet khd khan ve tai cbinh cho HSSV ed hoan eanh khd khan khong dat dtfdc; (3) Ben canh dd, cho vay dinh mffe ed dinh nhff hi6n... diing mue dieh Hai Id, tdng mffe cho vay dot vdi HSSV cda TP Hd Ngi: De bao dam cang cd nbieu HSSV dffdc vay dung ddi tffdng, eung nhff thitc hien muc tieu khong de cho HSSV ngheo phai bo hpe can... 27/09/2007 vi Chuang trinh tin dung ddi vdi hgc sinh, sinh vien Ngan hang Cbinh sach x.a hpi Viet Nam Bdo cdo thudng Men 2015 Ngan bang Chinb saeh xa bpichi nhanh TP Ha Npi (2014-2015) Bdo cdo thudng nien