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92 II T R U d N G BAI H O C T H C I B 6 H A NOI HOAT DONG TRAI NGHIEM SANG TAO DOI Vdl SINH VIEN NGANH HOC N G O VAN TAI T R U 6 N G D A I HOC THU DO HA NOI Trin Thj Kim Chi'''', Nguyin Thj Huong Lan Tru[.]
92 II T R U d N G BAI H O C T H C I B H A N O I HOAT DONG TRAI NGHIEM SANG TAO DOI Vdl SINH VIEN NGANH HOC N G O VAN TAI T R U N G D A I HOC THU DO HA NOI Trin Thj Kim Chi', Nguyin Thj Huong Lan Trudng Dgi hoc Thu Hd Ngi Tom tdt Trai nghiim sdng lao la mot nhieng ngi dung md chuang trinh gido due phd ihong Viet Nam sau 2015 dang huang din Cdc nhd Uudng su phgm noi chung, n-udng Dgi hgc Thit Hd Ngi noi ning cdn bdt nhip xu hicdng ndy Viic trang bi nhimg kiin thiec vd ki ndng vi trdi nghiem sdng lao cho sinh viin ngdnh Ngic Vdn Id rdt cdn thiit nhiin khong di ddng thuc hiin U-ong thuc ti Cdn cd su chung tay gop sice cua cd nhd Irudng gia dinh gidng vien va smh viin Tie khod: hogt dgng mdi nghiem sdng lao, sinh vien ngdnh Ngir Van MOt DAU Trai nghiem sang tao la mdt nhimg hoat ddng giao due ngoai gid len ldp Van de duge kha nhieu nude phat trien quan tam, nhat la cac nude liep can chuong lrinh giao due phd thdng theo hudng phat trien nang luc, chii y giao due nhan van, giao due sang lao, giao due pham chat va kT nang sdng Day cung la mgt Irong nhCrng ndi dung ma chuong lrinh giao dye phd thong tdng the Viet Nam sau 2015 dang hudng den Cac nha trudng su pham ndi chung, trudng Dai hgc (DH) Thil dd Ha Ngi ndi rieng can bat nhip xu hudng de chuin bj tdt kT nang xay dung va td chitc cac hoai ddng trai nghiem sang tao d nha trudng phd thdng cho sinh vien (SV) day, chiing tdi de cap ldi van dl vdi ddi lugng la SV nganh NgCr Van, trudng DH Thu Ha Ndi NQI DUNG 2.1 Quan niem ve hoat dong trai nghiem sang tao Viet Nam, Irong nhtmg nam gan day hoat ddng trai nghiem sang tao (TNST) bit dau dugc quan tam nghien cim va birdc diu da dugc dua vao chuang trinh ngoai khda d Mian bai 9.12 2016 gi/i phan bien va duyet dang nga> 25 12 2016 Lien he tac gia Tran Tin Kim Chi, Email Clkchigdaihocthudo edu v TAP C H i KHOA HQC - n/Z01B II ^ mgt sd tnrdng phd thdng vdi rit nhilu hinh thiic da dang Theo djnh hudng chuang lrinh giao due phd thdng mdi sau nam 2015, trai nghiem sang tao dugc xuat hien vdi tu each la mdn hpc tu chgn chuang trinh hr Tilu hgc din trung hgc phd thdng Hoat dgng TNST se thtrc hien lil ca cac muc tieu va nhiem vu ciia cac hoat ddng giao due ngoai gid len ldp, hoat dgng tap thi, sinh hoat dudi cd, smh hoat ldp va them vao la nhiing muc tieu va nhiem vu giao due cua giai doan mdi Ben canh viec hinh va phat trien cac pham chat va nang luc chung cua chuang trinh giao due, hoat ddng trai nghiem sang tao cdn tap trung hinh lhanh, phat trien cac nSng luc dac thii cho hgc sinh: Nang luc td chirc hoat dgng, nang luc td chiic va quan ly cudc sdng, n3ng luc ttr nhan thiic va tich cue hoa ban than, nang luc dinh hudng va lira chgn nghe nghiep Can cu vao djnh nghia ve hoat ddng giao due ngoai gid len ldp cac chuang lrinh giao due phd Ihdng hien hanh, can cir vao yeu cau ddi mdi giao due, hoat dgng trai nghiem sang tao dugc hieu nhu sau: Hoat ddng trdi nghiem sdng tgo Id hogt ddng gido due dd, timg cd nhdn hoc sinh duac true tiep hogt dgng thuc tten mdi truang nhd truang cUng nhu mdi trudng gia dinh vd xa hdi dudi su hudng ddn vd td chuc ciia nhd gido due, qua dd phdt trien tinh cam dgo due phdm chdt nhdn cdch edc ndng luc , tir dd tich liiy kinh nghiem rieng cUng nhu phdt huy tiim ndng sdng lao cua cd nhdn minh [2, tr.8] 2.2 Sy can thiet cua hoat dgng trai nghiem sang tao doi vol SV nganh NguVan tai trirtrng DH Thu Ha Ngi Trai nghiem sang tao la hoat ddng dugc coi trong lung mdn hoc; ddng thdi ke hoach giao due eung bd tri cac hoat dgng trai nghiem sang tao rieng, mdi hoat ddng na> mang tinh tdng hgp ciia nhieu ITnh vuc giao due, kien thiie k> nang khac Hoat ddng giiip cho hgc sinh cd nhieu co hdi trai nghiem de van dung nhting kien thiic hpc dugc vao thue tien, tir dd hinh nang lire thuc lien ciing nhu phat huy tiem nang sang tao ciia ban than Hoat ddng TNST dugc thuc hien tir Idp den Idp 12, bao gdm cac ndi dung bat budc va ndi dung lu chgn dugc thiet ke theo giai doan: giao due co ban (tir Idp I den Idp 9) va giao due dinh hudng nghe nghiep (tir ldp 10 den Idp 12) Su ihay ddi ttr chuong lrinh giao due phd thdng la dieu kien de chuang lrinh dao tao cua cac trucmg cao dang- dai hpc thay ddi, dac biet la nhung trudng su pham, trudng dao tao giao vien tuong lai cho cac cap hpc Trong xu the hien nay, giao due phai dap iing dugc yeu cau dao lao ngudn nhan luc chat lugng cao cho xa hdi thi yeu cau \e mdt chuong trinh dao tao hien dai, tien lien la thuc su can thiet ddi vdi cac trudng su pham Tir Ihuc te tren sinh vien ciia cac trudng Irong he Ihdng dao tao su pham phai dugc trang bj nhimg kien Ihttc va kT nang \e Irai nghiem sang tao chuong lrinh dao lao Viec nam bat cae hinh thirc phuang phap td chirc TNST chi thuc hien tdt sinh vien cd 94 I TRUdNG BAI HOC THlIl OO HA NOI dilu kien trirc tilp trai nghiem thdng qua cac loai hinh hgc tap nha tnrdng su ph^m Day la dieu kien Ihuan lai de giiip sinh vien thue hien tdt dugc nhiem vu giang day d cac Irudng phd thdng trudng Chuang trinh dao tao nganh su pham NgO Van cho sinh vien he eao dang trudng DH Thil HaNpi bit diu lir khda 2015-2018, 93 tin chi dugc sip xip day d cac khdi kiln Ihirc khac nhau, khdi kiln Ihirc chung, khdi kiln thtrc chuyen nganh va khdi kiln thirc nghiep vu Khdi kien ihiic chuyen nganh gdm 54 tin chi, chiem ti le 58,6% Sd tin chi cua chuyen nganh Van la 37 chuyen nganh Ngdn ngu- la 17 tin chi Sinh vien dugc trang bi nhiing kien thiic lu van hpc dan gian, van hpc trung, can, hien dai, van hgc cua cac nen van hda khac nhau, nhiing kien thiic ve ngdn ngu tieng Viet ca ban, nhirng bien the ngdn ngir mang tinh viing mien Do dieu kien ve thdi lugng phan bd cac hpc phan cdn nhieu han che, ndi dung day hgc ve trai nghiem sang tao timg mdn hgc chua dugc chii y diing mirc Cac hoat dpng TNST cua sinh vien tham gia chii yeu tap trung d cac hoat dgng phong trao cac doan the chinh trj nha trudng td chirc Ho^t dgng TNST gan vdi ttmg dac thil bd mdn hau nhu chua dugc trien khai, neu cd lai mang tinh ttr phat Mat khac nhu cau tir thirc le giao due d phd thdng, viec trang bj nhung kien thirc, kT nang mim cho sinh vien su pham la het siic can thiet Dugc Irang bj nhung kien thirc tii' thuc te trai nghiem sang tao, sinh vien se chii dgng sang tao hon viec hgc tap va ttr nghien ciiu, hoan thien ban than Dd ciing la dieu kien tdt de sinh vien Irudng bilt td chiic tdt cac md hinh hoai dpng TNST cho hgc sinh mdn hpc Ngu' Van d trudng THCS 2.3 Dac diem cua TNST o nha tru-oiig Su pham - Mang tinh tieh hop vuphdn hoa cao ^ Ngi dung hoai ddng trai nghiem sang tao rit da dang va mang tinh lich hgp, tdng hgp kien thiic, kT nang ciia nhilu mdn hpc, nhilu ITnh vuc hgc tap va giao due nhu: giao dye dao dire, giao due tri tue, giao due kT nang sdng, giao due gia in sdng, giao due thim mt, giao due the chat, giao due lao dgng, giao due an loan giao thdng, giao due mdi trudng, giao due phdng chdng ma tiiy, giao due phdng chdng HlV/AlDS va le nan xa hdi, giao due cac pham chat ngudi lao ddng nha nghien ciru Dilu giup cho cac ngi dung giao due thiel thuc hon, gin gui vdi cupc sdng thuc ll han dap ung dugc nhu ciu hoat dgng ciia SV - Dugc thue hien dudi nhiiu hinh thue da dgng ^ Hoai dgng TNST dugc td chirc dudi nhilu hinh thirc khac nhu trd choi, hdi Ihi, dien dan, giao luu, iham quan du lich, san khiu hda (kich, tha, hat, miia rdi, tilu phim, kich tham gia ), ihl due thi thao cau lac bp, td chirc cac hdi, cac cdng trinh nghien cim khoa hpc ky thuat Mdi mdt hinh thirc hoai dgng tren diu tiim tang nd nhiing T A P C H i K H O A H D C - S O T1/ZD1S 95 kha nang giao due nhit dinh Nhd cac hinh thuc td chiic da dang, phong phii ma viec hinh kl nang td chiic cac hoat dpng trai nghiem dugc thuc hien mgt each ttr nhien, sinh dgng, nhe nhang, hip din, khdng gd bd va kho ciing, phii hgp vdi dac diem tam sinh ly ciing nhu nhu ciu, nguyen vgng cua SV Trong qua trinh thiet ke, td chiic, danh gia cac hoat dgng trai nghiem sang tao, SV cd ca hpi the hien sir sang lao, chii dgng, linh hoat cua minh, lam tang them tinh hap dan, ddc dao cua cac hinh thiic td chiic hoat dgng - Buffc to chuc du&i suphoi hgp, lien ket nhiiu luc Iugng gido due va ngodi nhd trucmg Khac vdi hoat dpng day hpc, hoat ddng trai nghiem sang tao can thu hut su Iham gia, phoi hgp, lien ket nhieu luc lugng giao due va ngoai nha trudng nhu: Cd van hgc lap ldp, td chiic Doan Thanh nien va Hdi Sinh vien nha trudng: cac ca quan id chire, doanh nghiep d dia phuang, cac nha hoat dpng xa hdi, nhimg nghe nhan, nhtrng ngudi lao ddng tieu bieu d dia phuang, nhirng td chiic kinh te Mdi luc lupng giao due cd tiem nang, the manh rieng Tiiy ndi dung, linh chat ttmg hoat ddng ma su tham gia ciia cac lire lugng cd the la true tiep hoac gian tiep; cd the la chii tri, dau mdi hoac phdi hgp: cd the ve nhtmg mat khac (cd the hd trg \ e kinh phi, phuong tien dja diem Id chiic hoat dgng hoac ddng gdp \ e chuyen mdn, tri tue, chat xam hay su ting hd ve tinh than) Do \ ay hoat ddng trai nghiem sang lao tao dieu kien eho SV dugc hgc tap giao tiep rdng rai vdi nhieu luc lugng giao due: dugc ITnh hgi cac ndi dung giao due qua nhieu kenh khac nhau, vdi nhieu each tiep can khac Dieu dd lam tang tinh da dang, hap dan va chat lugng, hieu qua cua hoat ddng Irai nghiem sang tao 2.4 Mot so hinh thuc to chirc hoat dong trai nghiem sang tao cho SV Ngir Van trircmg DH Thu Ha Noi Hoat ddng trai nghiem sang lao la mdt dang hoat dgng giao due ngoai khda Hoat ddng trai nghiem sang tao dugc td chiic dudi nhieu hinh thtic khac nhau, - Gido due thong qua edc sinh hogt tap thi vd cdc sinh haul theo ehd di Sinh hoat lap the loan trudng gdm; chao cd dau luan sinh hoat Idp theo chti de, mil linh irong cac le, cac ki niem nhu truyen Ihdng Hpc sinh sinh vien 9/1, lap Dang 3/2, lap Doan 26/3 sinh cua Chii lich Hd Chi Minh 19/5 Qude khanh 2/9, Nga> nha giao Viei Nam 20/11 lap Quan ddi nhan dan 22/12,Cac hdi thi mang linh chuyen mdn nghiep \u hdi ihi nghiep vu su pham cac cap dugc td chiic theo djnh ki hang nam, hdi thao hoat ddng cau lac bg, Id chiic trd choi diln dan, san khau tuong tac tham quan da ngoai, cac hdi ihi hoat ddng giao luu hoat dgng nhan 96 II TRUdNG BAI HOC THlIl B HA NDI d^o, hoat dgng tinh nguy|n, hoat dgng cOng ddng, sinh ho^t tg.p thi, lao dgng cdng ich, san khdu hda (kich, tho, hat, mfia rdi, tilu phim, kich tham gia ), thi due th6 thao, t6 chiic cdc hgi, - Trdi nghiim sdng tgo thdng qua cdc hogt ddng dodn thi, chinh trf - xa hpi Cac hoat dOng Doin Thanh nien, Hgi Sinh vien (theo chuong trinh hoat ddng cua Thanh D o ^ va Hgi Sinh vign thinh ph6) bao g6m: Phong trao "D6n on, ddp nghia", hiln man nhSn dao, tim hilu vh Dang, Doan, H§i ; cac hoat dgng van hoa - thi tiiao va vui chai: Cac cu6c thi vSn hoa- van ngh^ ciia sinh viSn "Sinh vign Iich", "Tilng hat hgc sinh-sinh vien" Mdi mdt hinh thiic ho&t dgng trSn dhu hucmg dhn giao d\ic phSm chit, nhin each va nang Ivc ngudi gido vien Nhd cdc hinh thiic td chiic da d?ttig, phong phfi ma vi^c gido dye sinh vien dugc thyc hien mdt each t\r nhien, sinh dOng, nhe nhang, hap dan, khong gd bd vd dp d^t, phd hgp vdi dac dilm tam sinh I;^ cung nhu nhu ciu, nguy#n vpng cua sinh viSn Cdc hinh thiec td chiec hogt dgng trdi nghi?m sdng tgo: a) Hinh thirc trai nghiem mang tinh kham pha, tim hilu tham quan thi^c te cdc dja danh lich sil, cac dja chi v3n hoa h^ng cua Hd N6i va cdc dia phuang ca nude, tren co sd kit hgp nhihig kiln thiic da hgc thdng qua cdc chirang trinh dao tao nha tmdng Nhung tu li|u ljch sii, nhiing dia danh van hda, danh nhSn van hda dugfc smh vien cam n h ^ lai mdt each song d0ng thdng qua hoat dOng difin dS ndy b) Trai nghi?m mang tinh tham gia lau dai dirdi hinh thiic td chiic cdc mo hinh ciu l^c bO chuySn nganh nhu cau l^c bO Van hgc, cdu lac bd Svif hgc Chi d^o chung ve cdng tdc to chiJc HOi SV nhd trudng nhung tinh chuyen mdn d$c thia 1^1 cdc khoa dao tao chi d^o cy thg mi nhigm vu chinh li tao nSn san chcri mang tinh hgc thi4t de quy tu nhihig tii ndng sinh vign tham dir it cac mdng chuySn mdn khac Cau lac b$ (CLB) Id tunh thijtc sinh ho^t ngo^i khda cua nhihig nhdm SV ciing sd thich, nhu cau, nang khieu dudi sy djnh huang cua eac thay c6 giao nhdm tao mdi trudng giao liru thSn thien, tich cue giiia cdc SV vdi va giiia SV vdi gidng vien, vdi nhiing ngircri khac Hogt dgng cOa CLB t^o CO hgi dl SV dugc chia se nhitag kiln thuc, hilu bilt ciia minh vg cdc ITnh v\rc ma cdc em quan tdm, qua phdt triln cdc ki ndng nhu: kl nang giao tilp, kl nang ling nghe va bilu dat J kiln, kT nang trinh bay suy nghT, ^ tudng, kt ndng vilt bai, kl nang chyp dnh, kT ndng hgp tdc, Idm vigc nhom, kT ndng quylt dinh va gidi quylt vdn dl c) Trdi nghiem sang tgo cd tinh thi nghigm/ tuong tdc dugc td chirc thdng qua cdc cudc giao ltm, h$i thdo/ xemma, san khiu hda trd tdc phdm vl cho ngudi hgc thdng qua tdc phdm van hgc ciia cdc nin vdn hda khdc nhau, dl tdi lich sii qua cdc giai doan phdt triln lich su dan tgc TAP CHI KHOA HOC - SO 11/Z015 97 d) Hinh thiic cd tinh cdng hiln thdng qua cdc hinh thiic lao ddng eong ich xay dung khudn vien nha tnrdng, chiln djch thii tinh nguyen, chiln dich tinh nguyen he da huy dgng nien sinh vien hpc sinh ddng gdp sue lao dpng tre, tham gia vao cac hoat dgng xa hdi, cho su phat trien cong ddng Hien nay, linh nguyen khdng chi la hoat ddng cua doan vien nien ma eiia gidi tre ndi chimg, tham gia ddng gdp siic tre vao cdc hogt dgng xa hdi, vi sir phdt trien cua cdng ddng Hoai ddng tinh nguyen la hoat ddng mang tinh tu nguyen, tu giac cao Qua nhan thiic, sinh vien tu minh nhan lay trach nhiem, san sang lam viec (thudng la nhtmg viec khd khan, ddi hdi phai hy sinh thdi gian, cdng sire, tien ciia ), khdng quan ngai khd khan, gian khd, ddng gdp cdng sire cho cac boat ddng vi su phat trien ciia cdng ddng, ciia xa hgi ciia the gidi ndi chung khdng ddi hdi Igi ich vai chat cho ban than Hoai ddng linh nguyen cd the cua ca nhan hay cdng ddng, dugc xuat phat tir Idng nhan ai, tinh tich cue xa hgi va hoai bao ly ludng cua tudi tre nham thuc hien nhung nhiem vu khd khan dot xuat cua trudng, ciia dja phuang vi Igi ich ciia xa hgi, cgng ddng Hoat dgng tinh nguyen nham bdi dudng cho cac em cd Idng nhan ai, biet chia se bao dung nhtmg ngudi xung quanh, tir dd, giiip cac em sdng cd y ihiic cdng ddng Khi cac em quan lam va tham gia vao cac hoat ddng cua cdng ddng, cac em se nhan ihiic dugc vai tro cting nhu trach nhiem xa hdi cua ban than, tir dd, eac em se cd thai dp diing dan, ddng gdp cho su phat trien ciia cdng ddng dia phuong minh Chinh vi va> tinh nguyen trd mdt boat ddng trdi nghiem sang tao cd y nghTa giao due, thudng dugc cac nha irudng cac to chiic cdng ddng id chiic cho hgc sinh sinh vien tham gia tiiy theo sire ciia ban than Y nghTa hang dau cua hoat ddng linh nguyen la: tang cudng tinh doan ket, su hd trg, lin cay lan nhau, biet trg giiip, biet ddng tam hiep luc vdi nhtrng ngudi xung quanh, tir dd nudi dudng tinh than tuong than, luang di Tat ca cac hoat dgng ddng gop dang ke ddi vdi chat lugng cudc sdng cac boat dgng den cm dap nghTa cac hoat ddng xa hdi nhan dao til thien ; tmg hg bao lu hien mau nhan dao , dang thu hiit dugc nhieu ban sinh vien hudng img iham gia KET LUAN Viec Id chirc hoat dpng trai nghiem trang bi kien thiic va kT nang irai nghiem sang tao cho SV Ngtr Van la rat can thilt nhien khdng de dang, Bdi nhu tren da de cap chuang trinh dao tao noi chung va dao lao sinh vien nganh su pham Ngir Van ndi rieng chua chii y den ndi dung nay, Cac hoat ddng mang linh chil TNST chu ylu Doan Thanh nien, Hdi Sinh vien td chiic cho sinh vien loan irudng Cac hoai ddng TNST gin vdi dac thil nganh hpc Ngir Van dugc cac td chuyen mdn long ghep d mgt sd hoat ddng nhu 98 II TRLfdNG B A I H O C THlIl B D H A N O I dua SV di Iham quan hgc tap tai cdc Vien bao tang, mdi chuygn gia, nhd van, nha tha, gido vien gidi cua phd thdng den ndi chuyen, trao ddi la chua dii vd ehua diing vdi ban chit cua TNST Nhu cau ngoai khda, dien da, hpc tap thuc te nhdm tich liiy kinh nghiem dl td chiic tdt hoat dpng d trudng phd thdng sau ciia sinh vien rit Idn Do vay, chuang lrinh dao lao can nghien cuu, sap xep, bd tri thdi lugng phii hgp, can coi trai nghiem sang tao la mpt nhung npi dung quan trgng gan dao lao vdi thuc tien Cdn "xa hgi hda" cdng tac giao due dao tao, da dang hda cac ndi dung TNST cho sinh vien, to chiic thudng xuyen cac hoat ddng TNST mgt each hgp ly, tiet kiem, hieu qua Chi cd nhu vdy mdi ddp img dugc nhtmg yeu cau, thay ddi cua chucmg lrinh giao due phd thdng tdng the sau 2015 TAI LIEU THAM KHAO Bo Giao due va Dao tao (2015), Chuang U-inh gido due thong long thi (du thdo), chuang trinh GDPT ', HaNoi Bp Giao due vi•a Dao tao (2015), Tdi Tiiu tap hudn "KT ndng xdy dimg vd td chuc cdc hogt dong trdi nghiim sdng tao truang trung hgc ", Ha Npi Dinh Thi Kim Thoa (2015), "Xay dung chuong trmh hoat ddng trai nghiem sang tao chuang trinh iao due thong mdi", Kyyiu Hgi thdo Qudc li Hoc vien Quan ly Giao due thang 5/2015 CREATIVE EXPERIENCES FOR MAJOR OF LITERATURE'S STUDENTS AT HANOI METROPOLITAN UNIVERSITY Abstract Creative experience is a pari of Vietnam education program after 2015 Schools m general, and Hanoi Metropoluan University in particular, need to catch up with this trend However, necessary as U is the process of equipping knowledge and skills about creative experience is not easy to in reality Co-operation among schools, families, lecturers and students is reqidred Keywords creative experience, literature student ... edc sinh hogt tap thi vd cdc sinh haul theo ehd di Sinh hoat lap the loan trudng gdm; chao cd dau luan sinh hoat Idp theo chti de, mil linh irong cac le, cac ki niem nhu truyen Ihdng Hpc sinh sinh... dgng van hoa - thi tiiao va vui chai: Cac cu6c thi vSn hoa- van ngh^ ciia sinh viSn "Sinh vign Iich", "Tilng hat hgc sinh- sinh vien" Mdi mdt hinh thiic ho&t dgng trSn dhu hucmg dhn giao d\ic phSm... vi^c gido dye sinh vien dugc thyc hien mdt each t\r nhien, sinh dOng, nhe nhang, hap dan, khong gd bd vd dp d^t, phd hgp vdi dac dilm tam sinh I;^ cung nhu nhu ciu, nguy#n vpng cua sinh viSn Cdc