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1 , ! TRi;dNG DAI HQC Sil PHAM TP H 6 C H I M INH HO CHI MINH CITV UNIVERSITV OF EDUCATION L s l a T/̂ P CHi KHOA HOC JOURNAL OF SCIENCE ISSN KHOA HOC GlAO DUC EDUCATION SCIENCE 1859 3100 Tjp 14, 86 I[.]
1,.! _ TRi;dNG DAI HQC Sil PHAM TP H C H I M I N H HO CHI M I N H CITV UNIVERSITV OF EDUCATION L s l a T/^P CHi KHOA HOC ISSN: KHOA HOC GlAO DUC 1859-3100 Tjp 14, 86 I (2017): 5-15 JOURNAL OF SCIENCE EDUCATION SCIENCE Vol 14 No (2017): 5-15 Email: lapdiikltoahoc&hcmm.eilu vn: We!}site: hltpMckn hcmue edu /HQC TAP TRAI NGHIfM: MOT LI THUYET HQC TAP DONG VAI T R T R U N G TAM TRONG DAO TAO THEO NANG UfC Nguyen Vdn Hgnh* Ngiy Tda sogn nh$n dlJpc bii: 10-4-2016; ngdy ptidn bi^n dinh gii 24-4-2016 ngiy c/)4p nh$n (JSng 06-01-2017 T6M TAT Bdi viit dua nhimg Igp lugn khoa hgc cho vi0c tiep can mo hinh cdu true ndng luc (CTNL) cda Dgng Thdnh Hung vd md hinh hgc tgp trdi nghifm HTTN cua Kolb nhdm gidi thich cdc hogt dgng hgc tgp md ngu&i hgc cdn phdi trdi qua de phdt trien ndng luc, tir de xudt cdc md hinh thiet ke bdi hgc theo li thuyet HTTN ddo tgo theo ndng lire Tiir khda: li thuyet hpc t|p trai nghifm, n3ng lire, dao tao theo nSng Ig-c ABSTRACT Experiential learning: A learning theory playing ihe key role in competency-based training This article provides the scientific arguments for accessing Dang Thanh Hung's structural model of competency and Kolb's model of experiential leaming to explain the learning activities that students need to undergo in order to improve their competency Thanks to that, the models for designing lessons based on experiential learning theory in competency-based training are recommended Keywords: experiential leaming theory, competency, competency-based training Boi cilnh vA van de nghien ciru Trong suot the ki XX den nay, nhiJng qua tu trai nghi?m, hoc tap phai gan lien voi loi ich cua cuoc song, hpc la de thich nha giao d\ic co tu tuong tien bO nhu Lev ung voi moi trucmg cupc song luon thay Vygotsky, Jean Piaget, Kurt Lewin, John Dewey, David A Kolb va nhieu tiha giao doi Trung tam nhung nghien curu ve nen giao due tien bo la "li thuyet HTTN" d\ic khde da quan tam nghien cihi ve mpt (Experiential leaming theory) nham mo ta nen gido dye tien bp {giao dye phai dya qua trinh hpc tap tir kinh nghi?m ciia nguoi tren nen tang kinh nghi?m cua nguoi hpc) hpc, noi b^t la nghien cuu cua doi l^p voi nen gido dye truyen thong {giao Kolb ve li thuyet HTTN dupc xuat ban dye Id sy dao tao tir ben ngoai; truyen day nam 1984 Li thuyet HTTN da va dang tro nhihig npi dung gom kien thuc, kT ndng, chuan mye va nguyen tic ung xu dd dupc phdt trien qud khir cho the h$ sau) xu huong, nen tang ciia giao due thi ki XXI [4] Nhimg quan diem, tu tuong ciia nen [2], [3], [7], [8] Trong nen giao dye tiln bp do, gid tri ciia ty dupc dh cao, hpc thong giao due tiSn bp (ma trung tam la li thuyet HTTN) cho thdy sy phii hgp voi npi dung ' T a r & n g B g i hQC Su- p h g m KF t h u ^ t Hu'ng Y n ; Email: tianhuteliy@gmail.com TRVAlS ã ô ã HOC l i r tH' ^' HA CHl l i i H KY-IOAHOC Tfp 14, SS 1(2017): 179-187 de &ti "£)6i mdi ciln ban, t o ^ di^n g i ^ d\ic vi dio t ^ , dap ling y£u cAu cdng ngbi^p hda, hi$n d^ h6a dieu ki^n kinh t^ thj tniimg djnh hudng x9 h$i chd nghia va hpi nhjp qu6c d" cia Dang - NM nudc - BO Gi4o dye vh Bao t?o [1] Trang tam cua de ^ dd chinh Id d6i mdi gido dye vd dio t ^ theo hudng phdt tri^n ndng l\ic cua ngudi hgc; giao dye ngudi vira ddp ihig y€u cau xa h$i vira phdt triln cao nh^t tiem ndng kinh nghidm cua moi cd nhdn; tdp trung d^y cdch hpc, cdch nghi vd ty hpc Do dd, vi0c nghiSn ciru 1dm rd vai trd tnmg tdm cua h thuylt HTTN tiong ddo t?o theo ndng luc Id van de rat can dupc quan tam nghien cihi, Id phii hpp vdi b6i cdnh ddi mdi todn di$n gido dye d Vipt Nam hipn Vipt Nam hi$n dd cd nhilu tdi lipu khoa hpc bdn ludn ve ddo t^o theo ndng lyc ndi chtmg vd timg linh vyc cy the ndiriSng.Tuy nhiSn, bka hit cdc tdc gid chi tap trung vl cdch thiic tl chftc d?y hpc theo ndng lyc, mang 1^ ^ nghia vl qudn 11 gido dye cho gido vien Trong dd, van dl quan trpng nh^t la phdi gidi thich rS rdng vd tudng minh cdc ho?t dpng hpc tdp cy thi md ngudi hpc can phdi trdi qua dl phdt triln ndng lyc cho bdn thdn thi hdu nhu chua dupc tdc gid nao quan tdm lam sang td Nghien clhi ndy hi vpng s8 gdp phiin gidi quyet vin dl neu trSn N$i dung nghiSn c«hi 2.1 Vai trd trung taut ciia ll thiyiet HTTN ddo t0o theo ndng ttpc Theo Sdng Thdnh Hung: "Ndng ItfC (competency) Id thupc linh cd nhdn cho phep cd nhdn thirc hi$n thdnh cdng cdc hogt ddng nhdt dinh, dgt kit qud mong tnuSn Irong dieu ki?n cu the" [5] Hi$n nay, clu tnic ciia ndng lyc dupc md td dudi nhilu phuong di$n khde nhau, nhimg nlu x^t vl bdn chit cua hpc tdp Id qud trinh cd nhdn hda cdc thdnh phin kinh nghidm xd hpi (tri thiic, kl ndng vd tinh cdm) thi tilp cpi md hinh CTNL theo cdc thdnh phin kinh nghipm xd h$i cua D ^ g Thdnh Himg (Hmh 1) Id thuylt phyc hom cd, nd dupc nhilu nhd gido dye ilng hO, dp dyng vd phdt triln tiing linh vyc cy till KiafaS-KTxao ] Hinh Cdc thdnhphdn kinh nghiem xd hpi phdn dnh nhirng ndng lire chung nhat cua ngutrt 180 TivOia 141 HOC lir PitH rr HO CHI IINH KJHOAHOC Co the hdlu ve nhflng nang luc chung nh^t ciia ngu6i nhu sau: (1) Hilu biet nhihig tri thiic ve th6 gidi vh cdc phuong thiic hoat d0ng 6k thu dupc tri thtitc iy D61^ NSng lyc Hilu (2) Kl nSng - Id xao dl hi^n thuc h6a cdc phucmg tiiiic ho^t d$ng n6i tren a ban thdn D6 \k Ndng l\rc Lam (3) Kinh n ^ ^ bilu cdm, thi hifn cdm xiic vd gid tr} Dd Id Ndng l\ic Cdm (4) S\r thli^ nhat cua ba ndng lyc Hilu, L ^ vh Cdm cd nhdn D6 Id NSng lyc Phat triln (Sdng t£io) [5], [6] YIU t6 cot iSi bat cii ndng lire cy till nao diu la ki ndng (ho$c nhfhig kl i^ng) Trong ndng lyc Ldm, ylu t6 ki ndng dupc bilu hi^n r5 rdng nhdt, c6n ndi^ lyc Hilu vd Cdm thi vSn c6 lu ndng, nhimg d6 Id nhfhig kl nSng h ^ nhu: phan tich, so sdnh, dp dyng cdi^ thiic, tinh todn Id! ndng bilu dat cdm xdc, bit binh, hai Idng, ling xii, phdn d6i Theo (Dnh 1, ndng lyc thdng qua hpc tdp m^ ngudi hpc c6 dupc chmh la su thing nhdt hai h&a, Ididng thi tdch rdi cda ndng lyc Hilu, Ldm vd Cdm tao tfnh todn v^n, hlnh thdnh ndng l\rc nghi nghifp mdi mSi cd nhdn, dua hp l£n trinh dp mdi, cao horn, hinh thdnh n6n chit mdi ndng lyc mdi is cd nhan Ndng luc ndy d$t nln mdng cho ndng lyc Phdt triln, thdc day sy Sdng tao nghi nghifp d mSi cd nhdn, Sdng tgo dugrc xem nhu Id thupc tinh cd nhdn, ldm ndy sinh nhihig ^ tudng mdi vd dupc xem Id ndng lyc Phdt triln d moi cdnhan Ddo t?u) theo ndng lyc cd hai m$t: 1) Xem ndng lyc Id mye ti6u ddo tgo Id kit quA gido dye; va 2) Xem ndng lyc la kinh nghifm nln tdng Id chS dya cda gido dye Ngityin Van H^nh dde bift la kinh nghifm nln tdng cda ngudi hpc (Vygotsky) [5] Ddo tgo theo ndng lyc phAi thye hifn ca hai phuang difn trfin Do do, mudn dao tao theo ndng lyc cd hifu qua thi trudc het gido vien phdi hilu bilt dirpc kinh nghifm nln tdng cua ngudi hpc, sau dd xdc dinh mye tiSu dao tao (kit qua gido dye) phu hpp vdi nhu eiu xd hOi Nhu vdy, ban chat chung nhit cua dao t^o theo nang lijrc Id vifc phdt triin kinh nghiem nen tang ciia ng^di hgc theo hirdng ddp ung muc tieu dao t^o HTTN chinh !a H thuyet hpc tdp ddng vai trd trung tam dao tgo theo ndng lyc, bdi vi nd chi cdc hoat dpng hpc tap cy the cua ngudi hpc de phat trien Idnh nghifm nln tang (hay kinh nghifm cy the) budng din mye tieu ddo tao Tnmg tam li thuyet HTTN cda Kolb Id mpt md lunh HTTN (Kolb's model of experiential learing) mo ta qud trinh hpc tap tir kinh nghifm cua ngudi hpc thong qua bin giai dogn: 1) Kinh nghi$m cu thi (hpc tgp thong qua cdc hoat dpng, hanh vi, tiiao tdc cu thi, tryc tiep gdn vdi bdi cdnh thye tl); 2) Quan sdt phdn dnh (hpc t^p thong qua quan sat cac hoat dpng ngudi khde thuc hien hodc chiem nghifm Igi ban than, suy ngam va due kit nhftng y tudng trdi nghifm mdi); 3) Khdi ni$m hda trieu tugng (hpc tap thong qua vifc xdy dyng cdc khdi nifm, tong hpp va phdn tich hhOng gi quan sdt dupc); va 4) Thir nghifm (hpc tgp thong qua nhihig de xuit, thd nghifm cdc phuong dn gidi quyet van dl) [7], [8], [9] D I gidi thich sy phat hiln ndng lyc tii kinh nghifm nen tang cua ngudi hpc, chdng toi da kit hpp md hmh HTTN cda Kolb va mo hinh CTNL cda D^g Thdnh Hung (xem Hmh 2) 181 TivOaa Ml iQC iir ra^m TP i t cRI HitH l«)AHOC T^ 14, SS 1(2017): 179-187 Ninglve SfagtO flinA Z M6 hinh HTTN ciia Kolb vdsir phdt triin ndng Ittc cda ngudi hoc Hpc tdp sS xuit phdt tit mOt mdu kmh nghidm nln tdng dd cd phdt triln thuin gifta Kinh nghipm cy thi vd Khdi hudng din mye tiSu ddo tao Qua mSi chu ni$m hda trim tupng, hilu dem gidn thi dd trinh hpc t$p, ngudi hpc sg phdt triln cdc chinh Id mdu thuSn gifta cdi dd biet vd cdi ndng lyc Hilu, Ldm, Cdm vd Sdng t ^ Cy chua biet Ngudi hpc sii dyng cdc kinh thi nhu sau: nghi|m nln tdng dd cd dl trdi nghipm Ndng lyre Cdm dupic phdt triln cd cdc tinh huong thye nhdm gidi quylt vin nhdn trdi nghidm cdc kinh nghifm dd cd dl, kit qud cua cdc gid tri thye tl cda kinh cdc tinh hulng thye, hp bilu 1$ cdm nghipm nln tdng dupc phdn xit bdi tu xuc vdi vifc hpc, bilt dugc lpi ich ciia vifc sl dua din nhitag y tudng mdi, cdch lam hpc vdi bdn thdn, sy phdn xft gid trj kinh mdi vd CO gdng dp dyng thft nghidm nhftng nghifm dd cd thih huong thye s5 cho f tudng mdi dd dl gidi quylt vin dl, tft dd hp thiy dupc gid tri vd ^ nghia ciia vifc ngudi hpc due riit kinh nghidm mdi vd hpc tdp, dilu ndy sg kich fliich sy suy ngU, nhiing kinh nghi?m ndy s6 dupc su dyng tim a i m vd xil 11flidngtm, ldm tiln dl cho cho lin trdi n g h i ^ tilp theo Qud trinh ndy sy phdt triln ndng lyc Hilu lien tyc diln theo hinh xodn Ic se dua Ndng lyc Hilu dupc phdt triln cd 182 ' • u u i u D I I n y t su PHIH Tf HO CHI BIIH KHOAHOC NguySn Vdn Hgnh nhan thu thap va xd Ii cac dif lieu, thong tin cd dupc nhd sy phan xet gid tri cua kinh nghifm nln tang tinh huong thuc, qua do, ngudi hpc sang tgo y tudng mdi, each lam mdi, giai phap mdi de giai quyet vdn dl gdp phai Kit qua cua qua trinh la nhung khai nifm mdi va phuang thdc hoat dpng de thur nghiem nhihig khai niem mdi nhdm giai quyet van de, lam tien de cho su phat trien nang lyc Lam Ndng lyc Lam dupc phat trien ngudi hpc thu nghiem nhirng khai niem mdi vifc giai quyet van de Dd la qua hinh ngudi hpc hifn thuc hoa moi quan hf giua nhihig hanh dpng va hf qua xay sau de lam sang to nhdng y nghia, gia trj cda khai nifm mdi, giai phap mdi minh kham pha Sy phat trien va hpp nhit cua cac ndng luc Hieu, Lam, Cam se la tiln dl cho sy phat trien nang luc Sang tao, dua ngudi hpc len trinh dp moi, cd dupc nang luc mdi sau moi chu trinh hpc tap, hudng den mye tieu dao tgo De giup giao vien de dang dp dung mo hinh HTTN ciia Kolb dao tgo theo nang lyc, chung toi dinh hudng mpt so hoat dpng HTTN tuong dng vdi bon giai doan hpc tap lam can cu de giao vien cd the thiet ke boat dpng trai nghifm cho ngudi hpc (xem Hinh 3) Tn/c ti^p trai nghiem Nho' vi phan anh kinh nghiem Tl&l nghidm phdng thirc hinhl thi nghidm I Mo phong I ? Phim anh/being Vidu tai giang % < ^ c* ^ Nghien tallleu, tap chi • Phan xet ki^n thi>c, ddi tu-o-ng t Dh xu4t dir in I Xay dirng mo hinh ly thuyet L Hinh Hieu qud mot so hogt dgng HTTN Hinh cho thay giao vien cd thi lua chpn va thiet ke cdc hoat dpng HTTN vdi sy tham gia chu dpng cua ngudi hpc tuong dng vdi bdn giai doan hpc tap Nhung hoat dpng d vanh ngoai cua md hinh cho phep mpt su tham gia chu dpng cua ngudi hpc Idn hem qua trinh hpc tap, gan trung tam se han che sy tham gia cua ngudi hpc Tuy thupc vao dieu kien day hpc cu the va dac diem cua ngudi hpc ma 183 nttllUB DAI H9C Sir fHH "" N CHl MIIIH KHOAHOC Tdp 14, si (2017): 179-187 gido viSn nfn c6 gdng lya chpn cdc hojit dfng d vdnh ngodi, vi sS thiic diy sy hpc tfp chd dpng cua ngudi hpc, hp sS trd thdnh cdc "diln vifn chinh" ciia ldp hpc 2.Z Cdc md hlnh thiet ki bdi hfc Iheo hudng phdt triin ndng /{ic eiia nguiii hpc Theo Hinh 2, vifc hpc tfp cd thi bdt diu tft bit eft giai do?n ndo md hinh HTTN cia Kolb tfty thufc vdo myetiSuvd nfi dung hpc tfp, dfc dilm ciia ngudi hpc vd vifc to chftc d?y hpc ciia gido vifn Vdi mli npi dung hpc tfp cy thi (tuongftngvdi mft khdi nifm sy kifn, sy vdt, bdi tfp, nguyta Ii ) cua bdi hpc, ngudi hpc ludn phdi trdi qua bin giai d o ^ hpc tfp ca bdn, tuong img vdi mli giai dojn hpc tfp s8 Id nhftng ho^t dpng HTTN Mft khde, kit qud gido dye mSi npi dung hpc tfp cy thi sS thudng nhdn m ^ din sy phdt triln cua mft ba i^ng lyc Hieu - Ldm - Cdm hon nhQng ndng lyc cdn lai Vi vfy, chiing ta cd thi phdn chia ldm ba lo^ md hlnh thilt kl bdi hpc Id: 1) Md hhih thilt kl bdi hpc Cdm - Hilu - Ldm; 2) Mo hinh thiet kl bdi hpc Hilu - Ldm - Cdm; vd 3) Md hinh fliilt kl bdi hpc Ldm - Cdm - Hilu 121 Mo hinh thiit ki bai hpc Cdm - HUu - Ldm (xem Bdng 1) Trong md hinh ndy, tuong ling vdi moi nfi dung hpc tfp ciia bai hpc, gido viSn cho ngudi hpc dupc trdi nghifm bdy td kinh nghifm ciia minh nhftng tmh hudng thye tl/ nhifm vy hpc tfp mdi trudng eho phep sy an todn, sau dd Id cdc hoat dpng quan sdt vd phdn dnh gid trj kmh nghifm dd c6 ciia bdn thdn dl thiy dupc nhftng thilu sdt, tir dd tim kilm sy gifip dd ciia gido viSn vd ban bd nhdm xdy dyng khdi nifm mdi vd thii nghifm dl gidi quylt dupc vin dl Ddy chinh la hgc t$p qua sai l4m, qua chia sf kinh nghifm vd cim xiic M8 hinh Cam - Hilu - Ldm nhin manh din stt phdt triln Ning lyre Cim hom cdc ndng lyc khde Vi vfy, nd phil hpp vdi nhiing ngudi hpc cd xu huong vl nghf thuft, gidu tri tudng tupng vd tinh cdm, quan tdm din ho^ dfng cua mpi ngudi nhu: Tilng Anh, Lich su, Trilt hpc, Chinh trj hpc, Ngon ngft hpc Am nh^, Dien vi€n Bdng Khung thiet ke bdi hpc Cdm - Hieu - Ldm \ Ho?t \d$ng Kinh nghidm N$i \ cy thi dung \ N$i dung Ho^tdfngl.t Nfi dung Nfi dung 184 Ho^t dfng 2.1 v.v Hoft d^ng hQC t§p H09t dfng d^y HQC li$u, Quan sit phin inh Khii ni^m h6a trjhi tirqrng Thir nghidm hQC tbiti gian Hofit dfng 1.2 Ho9t dfng 1.3 Ho^t dfng 1.4 Ho9t dfng Phi^ubiitl^10' Ho^t dfng 2.2 Ho9t dfng 2.3 Ho?t dfng 2.4 Ho»t dfng Thf nghifm - v.v v.v v.v v.v • v.v phinmg ti$ii, 20* KriOAHOC Nguyen Vdn Hgnh ngudi hpc sir dung kinh nghiem da co de quan sat hoat dpng ciia ngudi khac hoSc ciia chinh ban than minh nhung su kien, tinh huong, bang chung thuc te Qua do, hp suy ngam nham ket noi nhCmg kinh nghiem da c6 den nhimg kien thuc mdi moi npi dung hpc tap Tir nhirng kien thirc mdi do, ngudi hpc tien hanh thir nghiem va ren luyen de co dupc kinh nghiem mdi Ngudi hpc coi trpng vai tro ciia li thuyet khoa hpc hem thuc tien, giao vien Ihudng day hpc bang nhimg bai giang va sy phan tich hop li co logic he thong Day chinh la hpc bang suy nghi li tri Mo hinh Hieu (Quan sat phan anh) - Lam Cam nhan manh den su phat trien nang lyc Hieu (duoi dang nhan thire c^c tri thuc khoa hpc ve the gioi) Hon nhimg nang luc khac Vi vay, mo hinh phu hgp \'di nhtjrng ngudi hpc co xu hudng ve thong tin xa hpi va khoa hpc ty nhien nhu: Toan, Vat li, Hoa Kinh tl, Xa hpi hpc, Sinh hoc Khi thiet ke bai hpc, giao vien can cu vao muc tieu dao tao de thi^t ke cac npi dung hpc tap, tuong ung vdi moi noi dung hpc tap, giao vien se thiet ke ian lupt bon hoat dpng HTTN (hoat dong 1.1 1.2, 1.3, 1.4) dl dan dat ngudi hpc di qua bon giai doan cua viec hpc tap Can cd vao nhung hoat dpng hpc tap, giao vien se thiet ke cac hoat dpng day hpc, hpc lieu, phuong tien va thdi gian tucmg ung 2.2.2 Mo hinh thiet ke bdi hoc Hieu - Lam - Cdm Nang luc Hieu (bao gom tri thuc ve the gidi va nhung phuang thuc hoat dpng dk CO dupc tri thuc) dupc phat Irien qua hai giai doan hpc tap la Quan sat phan anh va Khai ni^m hoa truu tupng, nen mo hinh thilt ke bai hpc Hieu - Lam - Cam c6 hai mo hinh nho (i) Mo hinh thiet ke bai hoc Hieu (Quan sdt phdn dnh) - Ldm - Cdm (xem Bdng 2) Hpc tap dupc bat dau bang viec Bdng Khung thiet ke bdi hoc Hit u (Quan sdt phdn dnh) - Ldm - Cdm Hoat dpng hpc tap Hoat Hpc lifu, Hoat \ Quan sdt phan ^nh Kh^inifH! h6a triru tupng Thu- nghivm N^i dung Hoat dpng 1.! Hoat dpng Hoat dpng 1,3 Npi dung Ho9t dong 2.1 Hoat dgng Hoat dpng 2.2 23 Npi dung vv dung \ vv vv , (ii) Mo hinh ihiei ke bdi h(>c Hic'u (Khdi niem hoa irmi tuong) - Ldm - Cam (xem Bdng 3) Tuong img vdi moi npi dung hpc tap viec hpc se bat dau bing viec ap dung nhCmg Kinh nghifm cy the dpng da> hpc phuong ti^n, Hoat dpng Hoat dpng Phieu bai tap - Hoat dpng 24 Hoat dt)ng vv th6*i gian I vv Thi nghidm 20' vv khai niem mm trim tuong vice de xuat cac \' tudng mdi, each lam mdi, giai phap mdi nham giai quyet nhiem vu hpc tap Qua ngutri hpc tien hanh cac hoat dong tliii nehiem ren luven de co kmh nchicm mdi rmrONS OAI Hgc iV i>H«y TP ua CH! MINH KrIOAHOC T$pl4,SSl(2017):179-lS7 quan sat, suy ngam !^ nhQng gi da h^c, tir nit chan U, gia tri cua tri thuc Day chinh la h9c qua l^m vifc Mo hinh Hieu (Khai nifm h6a truru tirgng) - L^m - Cam nhan manh din sif phat triln nSng l\rc Hieu (du-dd d^ng nhan thux; cdc phirong thirc hoat dpng de cd datfc tri thu-c) hem cic nSng l^c khac Vi vay, mo hmh phu h9p vcri nhiing ngudi hpc co xu huong ve ki thu^t, cong ngh?, nhu: KI thuat xay dpig, Sinh thai hgc, Co khi, Dpng Ivc, KI thuat hoa hpc Bdng Khung thiet ke bdi hpc Hieu - Lam - Cdm \ Ho?t \ a^ng Hoft d$ng hpc t$p hda trim dung \ Npi dung Kinh Khii ni^m Thii- nghidm nghidm Ho^t dpng Ho^t dpng cytbl tlTQTIg Ho^t d§ng Hpc li^u, Quan sdt phin i n h Ho9t dpng d^y hpc ph irong ti^n, Hojit d^ng Ho^it dOng Phi^ub^it^p- thJri gian l.i 1.2 1.3 1.4 10' Ho?t dpng 2.1 Ho^t dpng Ho^t dpng Ho^t d$ng H09t d0ng Thf nghidm - N$i dung 2.2 2.3 2.4 20' N^i dung v.v v.v v.v v.v v.v v.v 2.2.3 Mo hinh thiet ke bdi hgc Ldm - Cdm - Hieu (xem Bdng 4) Vi^c hoc tap bat dau bang viec thur nghipm nhihig phuang thiic hoat dpng de CO dupc tri thiic, suot qua trinh nay, nguoi hpc Hen t\ic danh gia va di^u chinh each lamde nh3m dat dupc mye tieu hpc tip dual s\i giiip da cua giao vien va b ^ be Sau boat dpng thii nghipm la vipc ap di^g vao thi^c tien cupc s6ng d^ c6 dupc nhihig kinh nghiem mai cho ban thSn, nhimg quan sat suy ngim vg kinh nghi?m moi se giiip nguoi hpc hieu biet sau sdc han ve nhimg boat dpng thii nghipm da tien hanh tniac Day chinh 1^ hpe qua chep bat chir^c Mo hinh Lam - Cam Hiiu nhan miinh den sijr phdt triln nSng lure L^m ban nhihig nang I\ic Ichac Vi vay, mo hinh phu hpp vai nhimg ngudri hpc c6 xu hudng v6 tilp thi, ban hang, thuyet phyc nguai khac nhu: Cong tac xa hpi, Quan Ii giao dye, Doanh nhan, Yhpc, Kien tnic Bang Khung thiit ki bdi hqc Ldm - Cdm - Hiiu \ Ho?t \ d$ng NOi \ dung \ Ho^t dpng hpc t^p Kinh Quan s i t phin i n h Hpc li|u, Khii nifm Ho^t d^ng pbutmg hda trim d^y hpc ti$n, thfri Thir nghidm nghifm cy th^ Npi dung Hogt dpng 1.1 Hogt dpng 1.2 Hogt d$ng 1,3 Hoat dpng 1.4 Hogt dpng Ngii dung Ho^t dpng 2.1 Hogt dpng 2.2 Hogt dpng 2.3 Hogt d0ng 2.4 Hogt dpng Thf nghi§m -20' Npi dung v.v v.v v.v v.v v.v v.v 186 tuvng gian Philu bai tgp-10' T»Uln» tu NOC IV m i l T* Hb CHl UtUH t^^AHCXy K^tluan NghiSn cilu dS Urn s4ng t6 vai tr6 trung tim cia 11 thuyet HTTN dJo t?o theo nSng lyo S\r kit hpp giiia m5 hinh HTTN ciia Kolb v4 md Unh CTNL cua D^g Thanh Hung dS gidi thich dupc c ^ hoiit dpng hpc t$p cila ngudi hpc nhim Nguyin Van Hv«h ph*' trien ntog l\ic Hilu, Ltaa, CSm v4 Stog tjio Giao viSn cin cfa cil vio sd thich, chuySn m6n nghi nglii$p, kmh nghifm nln tang da 06 cila ngudi hpc dl Ivra chpn md hinh thilt ke bM hpc theo hudng tich cvrc h6a nhim mang 1^ hifu qui cao hpc t$p TAI Lifu THAIW KHAO Ban Chip htah Trung uong Dang C$ng sin Vi$t Nam (2013), Nghi quyit so 29-NQ/TW ve" dot mdi cdn bdn, todn di0n gido dtfC vd ddo tgo, ddp dng yiu cdu cong nghidp hoa, hi hda diiu ki§n kinh ti thi trudng dinh hudng xd hdi chit nghia vd hpi nhgp quoc ngdy 04 thdng 11 ndm 2013 Dewey, J (1938, 1998 by iCappa Delta Pi), Kinh nghiem vd gido due: The 6(f Annbiersary Edition, bin djch cua Ph?m Anh Tuan, Nxb TrS nta 2011, TP Ho Ch! Minh Dewey, J (1916), i3dn cW vd g/dorfncPh?m Anh Tuan djch, Nxb Tri thic, 2014,HiNOi Nguyin VSn Hjnh, L6 Thj Thu Thiiy (2015), "Li thuyet hpc tip dira vio trii nghiSm: Li lu^ vi thye tiSn", Tgp chi Gido dye vd XS hdi cda Hiep hpi cdc trudng Bgi hpc vd Cao ddn Vietnam, sl S3 (114), thing 8/2015, tr.54-50 DJng Thinh Hung (2012), "Ning liic vi giio dye theo tilp c # nSng l\rc", Tgp chi Qudn li gido dttc, sl 43, thing 12/2012, HiN$i D?ng Thinh Hung, Trjnh Thj Hong Hi, Nguyin Khii Hoin, Tiln Vu Khinh (2012), Li thuyit phtrang phi^ ligy hgc, Nxb Dai hpc Thii NguySn, Thii Nguyen Kolb, D (1984), Experiential leaming: Experience as the source of leaming and development Englewood Cliffs, NJ; Prentice-Hail Kolb, D A., Boyatzis, R., & Mainemelis, C (2001), Experiential leaming theory: Previous research and new directions In R Sternberg & L Zhang (Eds.), Perspectives on cognithfe leammg, and thinking styles: 228-247 Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum Kolb, D A & A Y (2005), Leaming Styles and Leaming Spaces: Enhancing Experientia Leaming in Higher Education, Academy of Management Leaming & Education, Vol 4, No (Jun., 2005), pp 193-212 187 ... cua dao t^o theo nang lijrc Id vifc phdt triin kinh nghiem nen tang ciia ng^di hgc theo hirdng ddp ung muc tieu dao t^o HTTN chinh !a H thuyet hpc tdp ddng vai trd trung tam dao tgo theo ndng lyc,... s8 gdp phiin gidi quyet vin dl neu trSn N$i dung nghiSn c«hi 2.1 Vai trd trung taut ciia ll thiyiet HTTN ddo t0o theo ndng ttpc Theo Sdng Thdnh Hung: "Ndng ItfC (competency) Id thupc linh cd nhdn... khoa hpc bdn ludn ve ddo t^o theo ndng lyc ndi chtmg vd timg linh vyc cy the ndiriSng.Tuy nhiSn, bka hit cdc tdc gid chi tap trung vl cdch thiic tl chftc d?y hpc theo ndng lyc, mang 1^ ^ nghia