154 II TRUaNB BAI HOC THLI BO HA NPI VAN DUNG PHUONG PHAP DAY HOC THEO GOC reONG DAY HOC MON KHOA HOCt TIEU HOC Pham Viet Quynh'''', Nguyen Hai Anh, Phi Phirong Nhung Trudng Dgi hgc Thu do Hd Ngi Tdm tdt[.]
154 II T R U a N B BAI HOC THLI BO HA NPI VAN DUNG PHUONG PHAP DAY HOC THEO GOC reONG DAY HOC MON KHOA HOCt TIEU HOC Pham Viet Quynh', Nguyen Hai Anh, Phi Phirong Nhung Trudng Dgi hgc Thu Hd Ngi Tdm tdt: Phuang phdp dgy hgc theo gdc la cdch thuc td chuc cdc hogt dgng dgy hoc dd hgc sinh thuc hiin cdc nhiem vu, cdng viec khdc tgi cdc vi tri cu the khdng gian lap hgc nhung cimg mdt muc dich Id linh hgi mdt noi dung kien thirc hoc tap theo cdc phong cdch hgc khdc Bdi bdo di xudt mot sd bien phdp vd Idm ro quy trinh van dung phuang phdp dgy hgc theo gdc dgy hgc mdn Khoa hgc a Tieu hoc nhdm ndng cao chdt lucmg dgy hgc Tirkhoa Phuang phdp dgy hgc theo gdc, Khoa hgc a Tiiu hgc MODAU Phuang phap day hpc (PPDH) theo gdc da dugc nghien cim va ap dung hieu qua dcac nude Chau Au, phat trien dac biet la d Bi CJ Viet Nam, PPDH theo gdc budc dau dugc nghien ciiu va ap dung day hpc d cac cap [4] Hgc theo gdc cdn dupe gpi la "tram hpc tap" hay "trung tam hgc tap" la mgt phuong phap day hpc theo hpc sinh (HS) thyc hien cac nhiem vu khac tai cac vi tri cu the khdng gian Idp hpc nhung ciing hudng tdi chiem ITnh mgt ngi dung hpc tap theo cac phong each hpc khac Trong khudn kho bai bao nay, chiing tdi lam ro quy trinh van dung PPDH theo gdc day hpc mdn Khoa hoc d Tieu hgc nham thuc hien ddi mdi phuang phap day hpc chii trpng phat huy tinh tich eye, chii dpng, sang tao ciia HS NOI D U N G 2.1 P h u o n g phap day hoc theo goc va c h u o n g trinh mon Khoa hoc o T i e u hoc Theo cac tac gid Hoang Thi Kim Lien (2011) [8], Huynh Huy Hoang (2014) [7], Nguyen Thi Thu Thiiy (2016) [11] , da cd mdt s6 dl tai nghien ciru va van dung PPDH Nhan bai 20.4 2017; chinh sua, gij] phan bien va duyet dang 20.6.2017 Lien he tac gia Pham Viet Quynh; Email' pvquynh@daihoctudo.edu.vn TAP CHI KHOA HOC - SO 1S/2017 P ^55 theo gdc mdt sd mdn nhu hda hgc Am nhac, Todn hpc , nhung van dyng phuang phap day hpc theo gdc day hpc mdn Khoa hpc d Tieu hpc hien cdn it dupe quan tam nghien ciiu "PPDH theo gdc la mgt phuong phdp day hpe theo dd HS thuc hien cdc nhiem vu khdc tai cdc vi tri cu thi khdng gian Idp hpc, nhung cimg hudng tdi chiem linh mdt npi dung hpc tap theo cdc phong each hpc khac nhau" [3 tr.lld] Ddng quan diem dd, Nguyen Thi Ddng cho rdng: "hpc theo gdc la mdt hinh thiic td chiic hoat dgng hgc tap theo dd ngudi hpc thyc hien cdc nhiem vy khac tai vi tri cu the khong gian Idp hpc, ddp ung nhieu phong cdch hpc khdc nhau" [5] Tir do, chiing tdi cho rang: Hgc theo goc dirge ggi Id "tram hoc tap" hay "trung tdm hoc tap" Id mgt phucmg phdp day hgc theo hgc sinh thuc hien cdc nhiem vu khdc tgi cdc vi tri cu the khong gian lap hgc nhieng ciing hu&ng tai chiem ITnh mot ngi dung hgc tap theo cdc cdch hgc khdc Chuang trinh mdn Khoa hpc d Tieu hpc dugc xa\ dung theo quan diem tich hgp Chuong trinh xem xet Tu nhien - Con ngudi - Xa hdi mot chinh the thong nhat co quan he qua lai va tdc ddng lan Kien thiic chuong trinh la ket qua cua \iec tich hgp kien thiic ciia nhieu nganh nhu: Sinh hpc Vat li, Hda hpc, Khoa hpc - Ty nhien va ndi dung Khoa hpc - Ty nhien vdi Xa hpi ve siic khde ngudi Xoi dung dugc lua chpn mang tinh thiet thyc vdi HS, giiip cac em cd the van dung vao cugc sdng hang giiip hinh va phat trien d HS cac ki nang hpc tap khoa hpc nhu quan sat, dy doan, giai thich cac hien tugng ty nhien dan gian va kha nang \"an dung kien thirc \'ao thyc tien cugc song Hien viec day va hgc mon Khoa hpc d Tieu hgc tai cac tnrdng phd thong chua dupe chii trgng, cac tiet Khoa hgc, hoat dgng chii yeu ciia HS la dgc kien thiic SGK va quan sat GV lam thi nghiem xem tranh Vdi hinh thuc day ca Idp hoac theo nhom, thi rit han chi dl tit caHS dupe len ttai nghiem Iam thi nghiem ^a nhan xet ket qua Dilu dd khiln HS it cd ca hoi dugc linh hdi kien thuc mdt each day du khdng bdi duong dugc cho cac em nilm yeu thich say me khoa hgc Ben canh dd ngi dung chucmg trmh mdn Khoa hgc d Tilu hpc sir dung rat nhieu cac phuang phap hpc tap nhu: quan sat thuc hanh, thao luan nhdm Do chung toi thdy PPDH theo goc phii hgp vdi mdn Khoa hgc bdi tai mdi gdc, tit ca HS diu dugc tham gia thyc hien thi nghiem hay quan sat nhan xet mau vat, tranh, clip Tir cac em se cd kien thiic chan thyc nhat ve bai hpc, ddng thdi qua trinh hpc khdng hi cang thang ma ngugc lai rat hiing thii va soi noLUu diem ciia hpc theo goc la md rong sy tham gia nang cao hiing thii ciia HS tao dupe nhieu khong gian hon cho tinh tich eye nhan thiic chii ddng sang tao hgc tap, tang cudng su tuong tac ca nhan giiia GV va HS HS va HS \-a kha nang ty dinh hudng dieu chinh va trach nhiem qua trinh hpc tap cua HS HS dugc hgc sau, hieu qua ben \irng, c6 them CO hdi dl ren Im en ki nang thai T R U d N G BAI HOC T H U BO H A N t 156 2.2 Q u y t r i n h d a y hoc theo goc t r o n g d a y hoc m d n K h o a h o c 6* T i e u h g c Chiing tdi de xuat quy trinh van dyng PPDH theo gdc gdm giai doan (hinh 1): in *f CacljiHn | sf Hou doog na GV >[ Hoat dODg aia HS !_ Bvuc 1: Xac fljuliDiucaai, Gi^Som.1: Cbuaubi ' I J* HScic xac diohmiK tieu phan dch cau iriic soi [hmg bai luc Ctl'' ^ c $j-nTi miz dem bai bK Doi diijng Jcboog gian lep Itoc thffi BM va ^ i COOL tntonghD:: COTEEHS Buoc 2: Thiet ke kelioadibiltffic OV sac moh VPDH dui >k, ptatmg t i s day luc Md mnh t m SDC^VS uhlQU HSbocbaicuva chuau ti bai nuji u pbu hcrp, tdk ke host ooDg a nxn gdc dult lie toai done; daik gia va GV }x oi gbc phii bop vih nheiE \Ti, }shon.s Biau Lap boc, 3iai bao & tai lien cAunme tJEi dimg hoc tap cm t^iilt loai gGiao due 7a Bao tao oc -4 IbnnggjaDUrpluc Gsidaac 2: To chnc dsyhoc ilKognc GV gidi thiiu bii boc; ten va vi tr cac goc: neu HI L^rac iifai£3D Tn moL goc, thai pan im da line Buoc 2: Gioi thieu bsi hoc vi az BK lioc tz^ Buoc 3: To chic -JMRS hoc cap t^ ca£ goc tyvn nTiwm \!\i tai CX gOC / ' V HShoTOGVii di dmiHi ^v cac EDC HS sam duFC nTiJecn vu bai hoc ' * j GV ibsa doL pba: hien kho khoi " oil HS de bjoBg daii, bo tra" kjp tbm >-lLac nhcr HS then ginn hoot HSlimvik ca nTiAT nli/irn t a i cacpjc OiaidiHE3: cba HS trao doi vi ^^ar^^ ga ket q^'ja hpc cap GV sip d p g eac likli thnc fiml Eii Tikk tcomg qua tmih co chiic HS boc cap theo goc chot n^an ^ D W soi disLE buDEe dao HS lim t r u ^ o g tin ,») HS bio cia qua iniTC ](ip' 4ieo nb«n HS dbfft cgan gon \B spi iiiDg luu trir / Hinh Sadd quy trinh vdn dung phuang phdp day hoc theo gdc TAP CHf KHOA HOC - SO IB/ZCHV > Giai doan 1: Chuin b| Day dugc coi la giai doan then chdt cua PPDH theo gdc, vi cd sy chuan hi tdt thi thuc hien mdi cd the dat dugc hieu qua - Budc 1: Xac dinh muc tieu bai hgc, moi trudng hgc tap vdi "cau tnic cy the" (mifc ap dung phuQfng phap hoc theo gdc, sd gdc, kieu phan loai g d c ) dya vao yeu td: ndi dung, khdng gian Idp hgc, thdi gian va ddi tugng HS - Budc 2: Thiet ke ke hoach bai hoc:Xac dinh ten goc phu hgp vdi noi dung hoac phong each hpc Thiet ke nhiem vu cho mdi gdc: ten gdc, thiet bi, dd dimg day hgc, nliiem vu ciia HS Lya chon phucmg phap day hgc, cac muc hd trg, danh gia ket qua, phucmg tien, tai heu Vi du: Trong bai Vdt ddn nhiet vd Vdt cdch nhiet - Khoa hgc 4, GV chia idp goc: Goc trai nghiem, gdc quan sat, gdc phan tich, gdc ap dung Goc 1: Gdc ttai nghiem: HS thuc hien thi nghiem ma GV da chuan bi dk nhan hik vat dan nhiet, vat each nhiet Dd dimg can chuan bi nhu: coc nude nong thia nhya, thla kim loai, phieu bai tap Gdc 2: Gdc quan sat: HS tien hanh quan sat vat that nit dugc ket luan \"e chtic nang, tac dung cua vat dan nhiet va vat each nhiet ddi song Goc 3: Gdc phan tich: HS dgc phan tich va tdng hgp ngi dung bai hgc SGK Khoa hgc va ddi sdng de hinh kien thiic \ e tinh each nhiet ciia khdng Goc 4: Goc ap dung: HS van dyng de nhan biet \at dan nhiet, vat each nhiet each sir dung chiing ddi sdng thuc te ^ Giai doan 2: To chuc day hoc theo goc Tren co sd ke hoach bai hgc da thiet ke GV td chiic cac hoat ddng cho phii hgp vdi dac diem hgc theo gdc - Birac 1: Sap xep khdng gian Idp hgc: Bd tri goc/ldiu ^TJC hgc tap phii hgp vdi nhiem vu, hoat dgng hgc tap va phii hgp vdi khdng gian Idp hoc Dam bao dii tai lieu phuang tien, dimg hgc tap can thiet d moi gdc Vi du: Trong day hgc bai: I'gi ddn nhiet vd rat cdch nhiet - Khoa hgc 4, can chuan bi cac phuang tien dimg day hgc nhu thia kim loai, thia nhua, bao , phieu hgc tap, phieu danh gia tien cua hgc sinh - Budc 2: Gidi thieu bai hgc hoac ngi dung hgc tap \'a cac goc hgc tap: Gidi thieu ten bai hgc/ngi dung hgc tap: ten va \ i tri cac goc Neu sa luge nhiem \"u moi goc, thdi gian tdi da thuc hien nhiem \TJ tai cac goc Danh thdi gian cho HS chgn goc xuAt phat, GV co the digu chinh n^u co qua nhieu HS ciing chgn mgt goc 158 II T R U a N B BAI H O C THlIl B HA Ngi - Buac 3: Ta chvtc cho HS hpc tSp tai cac g6c: HS lam vide ca nhan, cjp hay nhom nho tai m6i goc theo yeu ciu cua hoat dgng GV theo doi, phat hien kho khan cua HS de huong dan, h§ tro kip thai Nhic nho thoi gian di HS hoan nhiSm vii va chuin bj luan chuyen goc > Giai do^n 3: TS chirc cho HS trao doi va danh gia kit qua hpc tSp GV CO thi sil dvmg cac hmh thilc dinh gia khac qua trinh t5 chiic cho HS hoc t^p theo goc: dap an de tir chiia bai, tu danh gia Idem tra ngiu nhign, HS bao cao kk qua truac lap; treo hoac trung bay san pham tai cac goc HOEIC GV va HS co the chot ngan ggn ve npi dxmg hpc tap va chia se kinh nghiem de co hpc tap cac goc duac tot hon Sau do, GV hu6ng din HS lim trir thong tin da thu th$p, cac san phim va kit qua mi cac em da dat duac Vi du: To chile cho HS trao d6i va danh gia kSt qud hpc tap bai: Vgt din nhiit vd vgt each nhiet - Khoa hpc - GV to churc cho HS bao cao ket qua truac lap bang each yeu cau moi nhom dan kit qua g6c tuang ung, ket qua a goc dupe thuc hiSn cu6i ciing dupe diin vao giiy AO r6i gan len bang - Dai dien timg nhom bao cao kit quit tren bang, cac nhom khac nh$n xet va bi sung - GV chot 1^ kiin thilc - GV nh|n xet gia hpc, giao nhi$m vu vi nha cho HS 2.3 V|n dung phirong phap day hoc theo gAc day hoc mon Khoa hoc ii Tieu hoc » Sau nghien cHu ca s6 II luto cua phuang phap day hpc theo g6c, chiing t6i da tiin hanh vSn d\uig phuong phap di thiit ki cac gido an va tiin hanh djiy hpc Duoi day la k4 hojch bai day ciia bai Hdn hap (Khoa hpc 5, bai 36) > Muc ti@u: - HS nhan biet dupe the nao la hdn hop, ki t6n duoc m6t s6 h5n hpp, biit each tao hSn hpp - HS biet each tach cac chit hon hpp, thuc hanh tach cac chit hon hpp - Ren cac ki nang quan sat, phan tich, ting hpp, thao luan nhom, thuc hanh, thi nghiem > Chuin bi: Chuan bi cua GV; cac vdt li^u, di dimg cin thiit di tiin hanh thi nghiem vd th\rc hanh, phiiu hpc tdp, tranh dnh minh hpa Chuin bi cua HS; SGK, giiy A4 159 TAP CHI KHOA H D C - S D I B / Z D I T > Cac h o a t d o n g d a y h o c c h i i y e u : Cac bu>6v Hoat d o n g giao vien Sap xep khong gian lap hoc - GV bd tri Idp hgc goc, dat cac vat lieu, 6b dung can thiet tai cac gdc - GV chia HS nhom (theo to) tuang u-ng vdi goc Hoat d g n g HS - HS hd tra GV - HS di chuyen v§ cac gdc - HS n l m dugc dung bai hgc npi Gidi thieu bai va cac goc hoc tap - GV gidi thieu muc tieu, ngi dung bai: To chuv cho HS hgc tap tai cac goc - GV gidi thieu tirng goc Goc phan tich, goc quan sat, goc trai nghiem, goc ap dung - HS nSm duac vi tri cua cac goc - GV neu sa luge muc tieu, nhiem vu, each thuc hien, thdi gian t6i aa thuc hien nhi6m vu ciia tCfng goc - HS n^m dugc nhiem vu cua tdng goc To chirc cho HS trao doi va danh gia k4t qua hgc tap GV cho cac nhom hoat dgng d tirng goc va luan chuyen theo sa vong tron tu goc phan tich goc quan sat - goc thac hanh - goc van dung (cu t h i npi dung va nhiem vu cac goc duac trinh bay ben dudi) - Cac nhom hoat dpng tai cac goc - GV theo doi, phat hien I