TAP CHi KHOA HQC ^RU6^G BAI HQC H 6 N G DlfC S6 33 2017 PHAT HUV TINH TICH CyC CUA SINH VIEN TRONG GlOf THAO LUAN MON D U 6 N G LOI CACH MANG CUA DANG CONG SAN VIET NAM 6 TRUOfNG DAI HOC HONG DlTC Ngu[.]
TAP CHi KHOA HQC ^RU6^G BAI HQC H N G DlfC - S6 33 2017 PHAT HUV TINH TICH CyC CUA SINH VIEN TRONG GlOf THAO LUAN MON D U N G LOI CACH MANG CUA DANG CONG SAN VIET NAM TRUOfNG DAI HOC HONG DlTC NguySnThj LanAnh' TOM TAT Thdo ludn nhdm Id mdt nhirng phuongphdp day hoc tieh cue, dupe su dung ihirdng xuyen qud Irinh ddi mdi phuang phdp day hpc hien Su dung phucmg phdp thao ludn nhdm day vd hpc mdn Dudng ldi edch mang cua Dang Id mdl yeu cdu bdt bupc, gnip ngudi hoe khdng chi ndm virng ndi dung co bdn dudng ldi chd truong cuo Ddng bdi dudng niim Im vdo su lanh dao cua Ddng y thirc trdch nhiim cdng ddn trudc nhung nhiem vu dai cua ddt nude md cdn giup hp vdn dung kien thuc da hpc di ly gidi nhihig vdn de thuc lien ddt ra, gdn ly ludn vdi thuc lien Tuy nhien di ndng cao hieu qud vd phdt huy Hnh lich cue cua sinh vien gid Ihdo ludn, cdn cd su nd lire eua ea ngirdi day ldn ngudi hpc Tu khoa: Thdo ludn nhdm, dudng ldi edch mgng eua Ddng I.DATVANDE Phil huy tinh tich cyc ciia ngudi hoe duoc coi li mot nguygn tac de dam bao chat luong va hieu qua day hgc, li van de trung tim ciia ly lugn day hoc Day la mdt xu the tit ygu ciia giao due Viet Nam vi the gidi Trong cac phucmg phap day hgc nham phit huy tinh Hch cue ciia ngudi hoc, thac luan nhdm la mdt phucmg phap cd nhieu uu diem Doi vdi mdn hoc Dudng ldi each mang ciia Dang cdng san Viet Nam, sii dung phuong phap thio luan nhom la mgt ygu eau bat bupc, nham khac phuc ldi truyen thu In thue mdl chieu, eieh hoc thu dgng, may mde, tao digu kign cho ngudi hgc cd eo hpi lham gia vio cae hoat ddng hoc tap idp, phit huy tinh chii ddng, sang lao, nang lue tu duy, ren luyen linh than hop tic, tang cudng trach nhigm eua ci nhin, hinh phuong phap nghign eiiu khoa hgc tang cudng In thue, hieu qua ttong hpc lip Thip luan nhdm cdn tao dugc su ehii dgng, tam ly thoai mil irong hpc lip dg gid hgc trd ngn smh ddng, hap din hon, giang vien cd duge thdng tm phin hdi lu ngudi hoe Su dung phuong phap thio luan nhdm day vi hoc mdn Dudng ldi each mang cua Ding cgng san Viet Nam giup ngudi hoe khong chi nam vimg ndi dung co ban ve dudng ldi, chu Iruong cua Dang, bdi duong mem Hn vao su lanh dao cua Dang, y thuc ti'ich nhiem cong din ttudc nhung nhiem vy ttgng d^i cua dat nude mi cdn gnip hg viin dung kiln thitc da hoc dl ly giai nhiing van de thue lien dat ra, gan ly luin vdi thue liln Giang nen khoa Ly ludn chinli li i - Lual Trirdng Dgi hoc Hdng Oirc T ^ CHl KHOA HQC, TRUING B»l HQC H O N G BLTC - SO 33.2017 Tu thuc lien giang day nhicu nam qua, chimg ldi thiy rang de nang cao hieu qua va phat huy tinh tieh cyc ciia sinh vicn ttong gid thio luan, cin eo su no lye eiia ea ngudi day lan ngudi hpc NQI DUNG NGHIEN CLTU 2.1 Ly luan ve phuong phip thao luin nhdm Theo tac gii Nguygn Van Cudng, "Day hpe nhdm la mot hinh thiie xa hdi cua day hpe, ttong hgc sinh cua idp hpe dugc ehia eie nhdm nhd khoing Ihdi gian gidi h?n, mdi nhom lu luc hoan thinh eie nhigm vy hpc tap tten eo sd phin cdng va hpp lic iim viec Kgt qui lam vigc ciia nhdm sau duge ttinh biy vi danh gii trudc loan ldp " [I, tr.98] Tic gia Phan Trpng Ngg ciing cho ring' ''Thdo ludn nhdm Id phuong phdp nhdm ldn (ldp hoc) dupe chia thdnh nhirng nhdm nhd de tdt cd ede thdnh vien Irong ldp diu dupe lam viic vd thao ludn ve mdt chu di cu thi vd dua y kien ehung cua nhdm minh vi vdn di " [2, tt 223] Thdng nhit vdi eae quan diira trdn tae gia Nguygn Trong Sim ttong cdng trinh "Day hoc nhdm - phuang phdp day hpc tich cue" viet: "Day hpe nhdm la mdl hinh thuc ciia xa hpi hoc tip, ti^ng hoc sinli eiia mot ldp duoc chia thinh eac nhdm nhd ttong khoang thai gian nliit dinh, mdi nhdm tu luc hoan cic nhidm vu hgc tap Iren ca sd phin cdng va hgp lie lam vige, kel qui lam vice eiia nhdm sau dd duoe ttinh bay vi danh gia trudc Idp '" [3, tr,21 ] Tit cae dmh nghia tren, chung ta ed thg thiy, Ihao luan nhom la mot phuang phip day hoc hign dai, liy ngudi hgc lam trung tam Vdi phuang phip ngudi hoc duoc lam viec cimg theo cac nhom nhd vi mdl mdl thinh vign ttong nhdm diu ed co hdi lham gia giai quyel cac nhigm vu hoc tap ttong mpl khpang thdi gian nhit dmh dudi su hudng din ciia giao vien 2.2 Thuc trang gid thao luan mon Dwdng ldi cich mang cua Dang efing san Viet Nam d Trirdng Dgi hoc Hong Due Theo Quylt dinh 52/2008/ QD-BGDDT vl chuong ttinh eie mon Ly luan tiinh dgi hgc, cao ding diing cho kbdi khdng chuygn nginh Mae-Lenm, ttr tudng Hd Chi Minh, mdn Dudng ldi cich mang, Dudng ldi each mang eua Dang Cgng san Vigt Nam ed thdi luong lin chi, ttong dd nglic giing 70%, thao luan- 30%) can cd vio Quyll dinh tten, Tnrdng Dai hoe Hdng Due, Bo mdn Dudng loi each mang cua Ding cdng san Vigt Nam xiy dung dl cuong ehi till hpe phan mdn Dudng ldi each mang ciia Dang cdng san Vigt Nam dli vdi cie hoal dgng nhu sao" Nghe gidng ly thuyet: 32 nil Thdo ludn 26 tiii Nhu vay, tiiao luin la mgt yeu ciu khong thg thigu giang day va lioc lap mon Dudng ill each mang ciia Dang Cong san Vigl Nam 137 TAP CHJ KHOA HQC TRU'CTNG D,j>l HQC H N G BIJC - S6 33 2017 Thue lg hudng din sinh vicn lien hanh Ihao luan, chiing tdi nhgn ihay: nhigu smh vien cd y thuc nghigm nic chuan bi ngi dung theo ygu ciu thao luin, nhieu nhdm chuan bj cdng phu, su dung cdng nghg ihdng Hn, ty Hn chu ddng Irinh hay vi Ira ldi cau hdi ma giao vign va eie nhdm khae neura.Tuy nhien, vin cd mpl bp phgn sinh viin ehua ihyc sii ed y thuc ttong hpc tap khong chuin bj bai Mgt sd khac cd chuan hi nhung sa sai, mang linh ddi nhu: ehep lai bai ciia ban, ehep nguygn lai giio irlnh, y lai, Irdng chd vao bai ehung cua nhom nhung smh vign tich cue lam Tinh trang ndi chuyen, lam viec rigng, lang phi thdi gian van tdn tai Cd nhiiu nguyin nhdn ddn den linh trang trin Mpt Id, ban than sinh vign chua chu dgng, chua thg hien linh dde lap hgc tip va nghign cuu Nhieu smh vign cdn thd a trude eie su kign ehinh tri - xi hgi ttpng d?i cua dit nude, von sdng, su higu bigl vg truygn thdng hch sii, van hoa dan ipc cdn ban chl Mpt sd smh vign quan niem mdn Dudng ldi each mang cua Dang cgng san Viel Nam khdng phii la mdn ehuyen nganh, khdng cin thilt cho nghe nghiep sau ndn chi cin hge dl du digm, tham ehi phai hoc lai, thi lai nhieu lin li binh Ihudng Hai la, ve ehuong trinh mdn hgc ndi chung iheo ygu eiu ciia Bd giio due va Dao tao vi noi dung thao lu§n ndi neng d mot so ehuong nang vg ly luin, ehua bim sit Ihyc tiln each mang cua dit nude va dia phuong Nhilu chuang ciia Giio Irinh Itit ciu chua hop ly, thigu tinh logic, lham chi so sii, vigc xac dmh mdc sy kien khong Ihdng nhit Cy the nhu Hi phin Dang lanh dao each mang din tpc dan chu nhin dan lgn each mgng XHCN khdng cd phin ehuyin Hgp; Ihdi ky trudc ddi mdi dugc xac dinh tii nam 1945 ehuong He thdng ehinh tii, tu nam 1943 ttong ehuong Dudng 161 van hda Dilu gay klio khan cho nhin thuc ciia ngudi hpc Ba Id, vl phia Nhi ttudng, co sd vat chit cdn han chl, bd tri gid thio luin chii ylu d cae phdng hpc nho, eae phuong lien hd tra day va hpc cdn thilu Viee ehia nhdm thao luin bat cap (nhom thio luin qua ddng, eo nhdm ldn den 60 sinh vign) Vice xip ihdi khda bigu chua thuc su hop ly, chang han budi sing hpc till 1^ thuylt, budi ehilu da cd lilt thao luan, hoae budi sang ea mdn deu hpc ly thuylt, bupi chilu ca mon diu thao luan, Cung cd thio luin duac xep tir luin hpe diu Hen ma ngudi hpe mdi bit diu lam quen vdi mdn hoc Vigc smh vien phai thudng xuyen di chuyen phdng hpe iheo quy dinh eua thdi khda bilu cung inh hudng din thdi gian, sir In dmh eua gid hoe, Bdn Id vg phia giang vien, viec dieu hanh, hudng din thao luin d nhiing nhdm cd sd lugng sinh vien ddng cdn ihigu hnh bpgt, Mdl sd giang vign il su dung cdng nghe giang day: viee kiem tta phan ehuan b] thao luan ciia smh vign chua thil sat Nhung nguygn nhan din din ket qui hpe lip mdn Dudng ldi eieh mgng eua Ding ndi chung, ket qui tiiao luin ndi ngng chua cap Thuc Irang trgn dat yen ciu phai phit huy linh lich eye, ehii ddng eua sinh vien irong gid thao luan gdp phin nang cao chit luong day va hoe T^P CHI KHOA HQC, TRUONG BAI HQC H O N G flU'C - SO 33 2017 2.3 Cach thirc to chuc buoi thio lugn mon Dudng loi each mang cua Dang d Trirdng Dai hgc Hong Due Cdc budc chudn bi 2.3.1.1 Chuan bf eda gidng vien Lua chpn vdn de thdo ludn vd xdy dung he thdng cdu hoi Day la bude dau lien viec id ehuc thao luin nlidm, phai dugc cu thi Iida ttong De cuong chi Hdl hoc phan, Trong mgt mon hge ed nhigu ndi dung, mdi ndi dung ed nhieu van dg Giang vign ttudc het phii biel ehia nhd cac ngi dung co bin thinh nhilu vin dl thio luan va phan bo mpt each hop ly qua mdi budi hgc, tham ehitimgtilt hgc Cd chu de ed the thio luan d ldp, cd chu de giing vien phii ygu cau sinh vign ehuan bi trude d nhi de vin dg thao luan se duoe mo rgng vi di vio chieu sau hem, Chli dg thio luan nen tapti-ungvao van dg chinh ciia bii hgc Chii de thio luin cung cd the bit diu tu cie luin diem, cic tinh hudng, nhung ihudng duac cu the hda qua cic cau hoi chli chdt Vigc lya chgn vin de cin phii hgp, khdng qua dan gian nhmig cung khdng ndn qui kho doi vdi sinh vien Tdt nhat nen lua chgn duoc van dg thao luin hap din, dg chia se, dl huy ddng dugc nliilu y kign khie nhau, kich Ihich tinh lieh cue ehii ddng lam viee cua sinli vien Cau hdi thio luan ngn li ciu hdi md, khong bao gid li mdl ciu hoi dong Co nhu vay mdi phat huy duoc tinh lich cue ciia smh vign ttong vige nghign eim lii lieu, xd ly lai lieu, bill lign he vio thuc tign eieh mang ciia dat nude, lien he bin thin de hoin bai thio luan Du hen tinh hudng Can cu vao he thdng ciu hoi da eo ttong Di cuong chi tiel hoc phdn, giang vign cin du kiln nhung linh hudng ed Ihl xay ttong qui ttinh thao luan Trong qua trinh thao luin sinh vien se ttinh biy chu dl cd tinh ngiu nhit dmh theo each hicu cua cie em, CO till se xuit hien nhirng vin dl, nhiJng luin digm khdng phii hgp vdi chii de eua budi tiiao luin, ho^c xuil hign nhung ttanli luan giiia eic nhdm smh vien Day ehinh la thdi dilm Ihl hien vai tro quan ttgng ciia ngudi thiy ttong vigc dinh hudng hoat dgng nhin Ihirc ciia sinh vien Giing vign ein ludng Inrde nhung khd khan mi smh vicn cd the vap phai; du kign nhfing cau hoi ma smh vign se hdi, ihudng li cau hoi lien quan ddn thintiig,su nghigp eua cae lanh ta, vin &^ da ding, din chu, chii quyln lanh tho, lanli hai ,dg dam bao thdi gian, noi dung kiln tiiirc, tinh chii ddng ttong budi thio luan Chia nhdm bd tri chd ngdi Thuc tl cd nhilu each chia nhdm khac nhau, nhu chia nhdm ngiu nhien, chiatiieovi tti ngdi, ehia dieo danh saeh, chia theo dac digm ehung, chia theo ning lue, chia theo kmh nghigm' chia theo gidi tinh, chia theo cimg sd thich Vigc ehia nhom ngu khdng ed kmh nghiem'se tin klii nhidu ihdi gian vi mdt sd sinli vicn "cdtiiii"vdi nhom cu hoae lai cd qua nhilu lua chpn khie Khi ehia nhdm cin cini y din s6 luong vi ttinh do, nang lyc eua 139 T,^P CHi KHOA HQC, T R U N G B ^ I HQC H N G BUC - SO 33 2017 eac sinh vidn Khdng ehia nhom qua ddng, nhdm qui it hoge nhdm lip ttung nhicu sinh vien gidi, nhdm phan dong kem hon, nil re, im lang Danh sich nhom can dugc dn dmh ttong suot ky hgc, Mdi nhdm can phii cd co eau Id chuc ehal che de phan cdng ttach nhigm eho timg thinh vien Ngoai eac thinh vien, eo ciu eiia nhom gdm vi tti quan ttong nhit la nhdm Irudng vi Ihu ky Neu nhdm trudng co ning lye, nhiet tinh, ed uy lin, ky nang digu hanh nhdm, duge cie thinh vien tin tudng, yeu men, chac chan nhdm dd se iioat dpng higu qui Vigc bd tri chd ngoi eiing inh hudng ldi chit lucmg cugc Ihao luan Trong digu kien hicn nay, ldp hoe chat, smh vien ddng, ban ghe khd di chuyen thi nen bd m' eie vien ttong nhom ngdi quay mat vio nhau, vi tti ngdi dii gin dl co the ttao ddi, chia se vdi mdt cich thuan lgi Ndn cd khoang each giiia cac nhdm de su trao doi cua cie nhdm khdng bi anh hudng tdi Kiim tra phdn chudn bi bdi cua sinh vien Viec kigm tia/)Ad« chudn bi bdi cda smh vien nham danh gia so bg y thuc hgc tip, khuygn khieh su tich cue nghien cuu tii lieu, phat hien nhung bii lae ehii de dl dinh hudng kip ihdi, ttinh mat thdi gian vd ich Viec kiem tra cung lam cho nhdng smh vien co tinh y lai, chay ludi phii tg giic chuan b(, Giao nhiem vu vd gidi hpn thai gian ihdo ludn Tiudc lien hinh thio lugn, giang vign phai giao nhigm vu cu the, ro ring cho timg nhdm, phai ed hudng din eu thi va dinh hudng each tiiiie thao luan vi trinh biy Thdi gian thao luan can duoe gidi han vi phii tuong ung vdi ngi dung, ygu cau eiia van dg dat ra, Thdi gian gidi han phii dii de sinh vign suy nghT, ttao ddi Ngu thdi gian qui it, thio luin nhdm se so sai, khdng di vao ell loi vin de, cd thg mang tinh ddi phd Nlu thdi gian qui dii se lao su !o dang, phan tan va lam loang khong thao lugn 2.3.1.2 Chuan bi cua sinh vien Higu qua cua mgt budi thio luin nhdm phy thudc vio nhieu yeu td, dd cd vigc chuin bi bai d nha ciia sinh vicn Sinh vign phai nghign ciiu tii lieu, chuin bi bii dudi dang dg cuong, khdng phii viel mdt bai hoan ehinh, trinh ehgp uguyen van giio trinh, ed sy long hgp, ddi ehigu, so sanh gifta cac lii heu, quan digm, qua dd ty nil kel luin cin thilt Smh vign ciing cd the ehuin bj Iren miy tinh de ttinh chigu neu ttong dieu kign phong hoc ed may chigu 2.3 Cdch thirc liin hdnh thdo ludn 2.3.2.1 Gidm ^dt hopi d^ng thdo luan ciia tirng nhdm De dan dit buoi thio luin tich cyc, sdi ndi, diing hudng va cdng li ci mgl nghe ihugt, phu thuge vao nhieu yeu id nhu trinh dp ehuyen mdn, kinh nghiem, nghigp vy su pham cua giing vign Giing vign can tl chiic vi giam sal thao luin tii vige quan sil, digu chmh chl ngdi, nhac nhd hay ho ttg ein diilt, giai dap kip thdi nhiing bin khoan 140 TJLP CHi KHOA HQC, T R U " N G BAI HQC H O N G BUC - s 33- 2017 ve npi dung bai lip, bai thio luin, cin goi md van dg dg sinh vien lu duy; kit ndi cac ihinh vign ttong nhdm vi eac nhom ttong Idp, lao su tin ciy lan nhau, dim bao cho eie vign ttong nhdm deu hoal dgng, lao digu kien thuan ioi eho cac ca nhin nim vihig kiln Ihiic va ky ning, hudng dan each lang nghe va Hep nhin y kien ciia ngudi khac, phat tnin kJ nang giao tiep Giing vien ciing can giao ihgm cdng viee, eo hpi eho eac nhdm ttong tmdng hop ho hoin bii thao luin tnide ma phii chd cic nhom khac, Khi sinh vign thao luin, giang vign phii lira lot vai tro lai ed van, ludn bim sal eae nhom, ttanh dugc linh ttang mdt sd sinh vien mat tap tmng, dimg ngoai cupc ihao luan 2.3.2.2 Trinh bay kit qud Ihdo lu^n Khi ket thiie thdi gian thao luin, giang vign can yeu cau eac nhom trinh biy kgt qua thio luin vdi nhieu hinh thuc phong phii Nhdm cd thg tu cii dai dien hoic giing vign ygu ciu ngiu nhign bat cii mdl smh vign nap nhom lgntiiuyglttinh Tuy tiing van dg, giing vien cd the cho cie nh6ra tham gia phan bign, luong lac lan Oiing vidn gitr vai tto la ttong lai lam nhigm vu dan dit, dinh hudng cugc phan bign Cling vign ein dilu khiln kheo leo, tranh su ttanh luan ciia sinh vign dan dgn phan bie gay git, nang ng Dac biel, giang vign cin sip xep thai gian dg tat ei eie nhom dugc trinh bay kit qui thio luan mot eieh eong bang, 2.3.2.3 Tdng kit ddnh gid Day li khau cudi cung nhung kha quan trpng ciia hogt dpng thao luan Giing vign phai la ngudi nim virng In thuc ly luan va thyc ll, cdng lam, hnh hoal thi vigc danh gii mdi dim bao khieh quan, eong bang, ehinh xic, Giing vign ting kit lai cac vin dl di thao luin, giai quyet mpi eiu hdi eiia sinh vign xung quanh vin dl tiiio luan Tir dd, chli lai vin dl de sinh vidn nam bit, ghi nhd duoe ndi dung ca ban, diing din, cin thill Ben canh giang vign can danh gii y thirc, thai dd, ning lyc lira vigc ciia smh vign, nhan xel cu ihl dl khieh lc Hnh thin hoe lip ciia smh vign 2.4, Mgt s6 dl xuit va kiln nghi ddi vdi Nhi trudng Dd gdp phin nang eao chit lugng day va hgc, Nha trudng cin sfip xgp thdi khda bigu phii hgp ban, xen ke giira hgc ly thuylt vi thao luan giiia cae hge phan vdi Phdng Olio lugn eung nen cd eic phuong lien hd tto nhu loa dii, may ehieu Chia nhdm fliao luan (nhdm ldn) khong qua dong Theo ehiing loi, nhom Ihao luan khdng qua 40 sinh vien KET L U A N Thio luin nhdm day hge mdn Dudng ldi each mgng ciia Dang cpng san Viet Nam nhim phii huy tinh dde Igp, tich eye ciia sinh vien qui ttinh chilm linh tti thuc Tuy nhien dl ning cao hieu qui va phat huy tinh Hch cyc eua smh vien tiong gio Ihao lugn giing vien ein neu eao tinh tiiin trich nhigm ttong vige hudng dan, giam sal vi danh gia kll qui hgc tip cua smh vien Ban than sinh vien cin nd lue, chii dgng, ed y thue eao TAP CHI KHOA HQC, TRU"6NG B,»I HQC HONG DUC - SO 33 2017 gid thao luan Thao luan nhd cin cd su nd lyc khong ngimg cda ca giang vien, sinh vien vi Nha ttudng, va doi mdi tat ca cac khau qui trinh dgy hpc TAI LIEU THAM KHAO [I] [2] [3] Nguyin Van Cudng (2010), Mdl sd vdn de chung ve ddi mdi phuong phdp day hpc, Nxb Dai hpc Qude gia Hi Ndi Phan Trgng Ngg (2005), Day hpc vd phirong phdp day hpc nhd ti-uang, Nxb Dgi hpc Su phgm Ha Ngi, Nguygn Trgng Sim (2008), Day hoe nhdm phurmg phdp dgy hoe lieh cue Tap chi giio due sd 171 PROMOTING STUDENTS' POSITIVE ATTITUDES IN DISCUSSING LESSONS ON "REVOLUTIONARY GUIDELINES OF T H E COMMUNIST PARTY OF VIETNAM" COURSE AT HONG D U C UNIVERSITY Nguyen Thi Lan Anh ABSTRACT Croup discussion, which is a positive teaching way, is usedfrequentlyin the process of current teaching methods Using group discussion in leaching and learning the Revolutionary guidelines oflhe Communist Parly of Vietnam is a requirement, which help students master the basic contents of the guidelines and policy of the Communist Party of Vietnam, increasing the belief m the Communist Party of Vietnam leadership, the sense of CIVIC responsibility to great tasks of the countiy as well as helping students apply their knowledge lo explain the practical problems, relating theoiy with practice Both teachers and students must make an effort to promote students' positive attitudes in discussing lessons on the subject "Revolutionary Guidelines of the Communist Party of Vietnam " Keywords: Group discussion The Revolutionaiy Guidelines of Communist Party of Vietnam ... nhom Ihao luan khdng qua 40 sinh vien KET L U A N Thio luin nhdm day hge mdn Dudng ldi each mgng ciia Dang cpng san Viet Nam nhim phii huy tinh dde Igp, tich eye ciia sinh vien qui ttinh chilm... dan chu nhin dan lgn each mgng XHCN khdng cd phin ehuyin Hgp; Ihdi ky trudc ddi mdi dugc xac dinh tii nam 1945 ehuong He thdng ehinh tii, tu nam 1943 ttong ehuong Dudng 161 van hda Dilu gay klio... nhdm ldn den 60 sinh vign) Vice xip ihdi khda bigu chua thuc su hop ly, chang han budi sing hpc till 1^ thuylt, budi ehilu da cd lilt thao luan, hoae budi sang ea mdn deu hpc ly thuylt, bupi chilu