MOT SO GOl Y VE NOI DUNG VA HINH THtfC TO CHU''''C * * • THUC HIEN CONG TAC XA HOI HOC DU''''ONG 6 VIET NAM TRONG DIEU KIEN HIEN NAY*" NGUYEN THANH BINH Tdm tdu Trong diiu kiin kinh tixd hdi ngdy cang p[.]
MOT SO GOl Y VE NOI DUNG VA HINH THtfC TO CHU'C * * • THUC HIEN CONG TAC XA HOI HOC DU'ONG VIET NAM TRONG DIEU KIEN HIEN NAY*" NGUYEN THANH BINH Tdm tdu Trong diiu kiin kinh tixd hdi ngdy cang phdt triin, hdi nhgp quoc tingdy cdng sdu rdng nhu d Viet Nam hien nay, cdc vd'n di xd hgi dot vdi hoc sinh ngdy cdng phdc tgp Cdng tdc xd hgi la mdt kkoa hgc ting di^ng nhdm giiip hgc sinh gidi quyit nhiing kho khdn, khai thdc nhQng diem mgnh cda cdc em di cdc em co thi tham gia mdt cdch hieu qud vdo qud trinh hgc tap, gidp cdc em phdt triin tSi tiem ndng vd nhiing ky ndng song Bdi viei de xuat mdt so ngi dung vd hinh th&i tS chitc thUc hiin cdng tdc xd hot hgc di^fng cdc tritdng hgc Viet Nam hien dudi gdc dd cda cong tdc xd hgi chuyin nghiSp TU khdu: Ndi dung; kinh thtic; cdng tdc xd hdi; cdng tdc xd hdi trUdng hgc; Viit Nam Abstract: Vietnam has undergone fast socioeconomic development and international integration, the results of which are complicated social problems that young people, especially students, have to face Social work is an applied science with the aim to help students deal with their difficulties, explore their strengths and develop their potential and living skills This article proposed the content and implementation methods that school social work in Vietnam should address in order to help students deal with the social problems they were encountering Key words: Contents^ methods, social work, school social work, Vietnam Ngdy nh^n bdi: 13/9/2016; Ngdy s^ bdi: 15/12/2016; Ngdy duyet ddng bdi: 06/2/2017 Dat vifn d l Cfing tac xa hfii la mot khoa hoc tfng dung nh^m tang cvlbng hifiu qua hoat dfing cua ngUcfi, tao nhflng chuyen bifin xa hfii va dem lai nfi^n an sinh cho moi ngUcli xa hfii, Dfin nay, cfing tae xa hfii c6 mat tai 80 nUfic trfin thfi'gifii, da va dang hS trd cho nhflng ngUfii ye'u t h ^ gfip phan nang cao cha't lUdng cufie sfing, mang lai binh dang va cfing bang xa hfii, Cfing tac xa hfii hoc dU&ng la ngn tang thifit y^u cua viec giang day va giao due trUctag hoc, no la mot djch vu dae bifit trUctag hoc ho trd ta't ca nhflng tham gia vao eufic s^ng truSng hoc: hoc sinh/sinh vifin, phu huynh, giao vifin, can bfi nha truSng va nhflng nha qu^n 1^ giao due t^t ca cac cap hoc Mat th^,^ ^fing tac xa hoi hoc dUcing giiip hoc ^^ ^^ ^^^^^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^^^ ^ ^ ^g ^^^ 1^^ Vfii y nghia quan dfi, cfing tac xa hfii dUdc dua vao rat nhieu lmh vi/e khae nhau, nhfl: eham sdc hfi tr^ nhflng dfii tfldng thi^t thdi, yfi'u the (tre em cd hodn k^ai thac nhflng dilm manh cua cac em ^^ , > , , ^ ^ ^^^ ^^^^ ^^ ^^^ ^^^^ ^.^ c a n h dde bifit, ngfldi khuyfi't tdt, ) t r o n g m m bao la san phim nghien cflu cda dl tM ctfp Bo: bfinh vi$n, toa an va ddc biet Id ^y '^^*w md hinh cdng tac xd hdi hoc duimg d tn0ng ' V trflCtog hoc trung hpc; Ma ao: B2016-SPH.08 o TS OBX hoc SU ph^m Uk NĐi ' NHAN LUC KHOA HOC XA Hdi ã qua vdo qua trinh hoe tdp, giup cac em sif 2-2017 NGUYEN THANH BINH p h a t trien tSt? tiem n a n g va nhflng ky nang sfing, Cac veil de xa hfii cua hoc sinh nhflng nam g ^ dSy xuat hifin cang nhiiu, chdng han: siic khoe t a m t h ^ (rfii iihiiu t a m tri, tUfey,tU tfi), nghi$n ma tuy, gay gfi, bao lUc, xfim hsti tinh due, nghifin game online, h u t thuoc la, phan bifit dfii xtl vfii hoc sinh khuygt tat, hoe sinh nhiim, anh hu&ig HIV, nghfio dfii, bo hoc, rae rfii quan^he tinh ban, tinh yeu, quan hfi th^y tro , cac tac dfing khac tfl gia (Hnh, cfii^ d6ng vao trudng hoc (flng xfl xa hfii, phim a n h khong p h u hdp vfii c h u ^ mflc dao dfle xa hfii-,), Cac vaii de xa hoi cua hoc sinh tao nen ganh nang tfim ly, cu sfie tam ly a n h huSng d ^ kfit qua hoc t a p va sU phat tri^n binh thudng cua cac em. -^Tfl dfi, c ^ thifit phai cfi hoat dfing cfing tac xa hoi trUcfng hoc d& giup dfi cac em vUdt qua nhflng v ^ de xa hoi dfi, 2, N o i d u n g c ^ n g t a c x a h i t r o n g t r U d n g h o c h Vifit N a m hifin n a y 2.1 Gido due dgo diic, tot song Trong dieu kifin kinh te xa hfii cang phat trien, hfii n h a p q u & te" cang sSu rong nhU d Viet N a m hifin nay, cae vSn d$ xa hfii doi vfii hoc sinh eang phflc t a p , ThUc tiin cae trUdng^hoc quan dfin bao luc hoc dudng-Thcii gian g ^ ^ day cung da Uen tiep xu^t hifin nhflng video chp ve bao lUc hoc dUcttig gay nhflc n h ^ dU lu^n, iam dau dau cac nha quan l;y giao due vfi' bsio lUc hoe dUcfng, Ket Ijua nghifin cflu vfi' bao lUc gifii trufing hpc cua Vifin Nghifin cflu Y hoc - Xa hfii phoi hdp vfii td chflc Plan Vifit Nam da cfing bo cho th^y 80% hoc sinh cho b i ^ tfl trUfic dfin da bi bao lUc gifii trUSng hoc it n h a t mot lan, 71% bj bao lUc vfing t h a n g qua- Trong dfi, bao Itte tinh t h a n (mSng chfli, de doa, si nhiic,„.) chifim ty le cao n h a t 73%, bao lUc t h e chat (tat, da, xfi d^y, kfio tfic, b a t tai, danh dap, -) la % va bao lUc tinh due (tin nhan vfii noi dung t m h due, sci, hon, hiep dam, yeu cau cham vao bg phan sinh due, ) chiim 19%^^ Kfit qua tfl cac cufie phong v ^ sau va thao lulLa nhfim cua tac gia bai bao cung cho kfit qua tUdng tU, Cae hoc sinh t h a m gia nhom thao luan nhfim deu cho bifit, da it nha^t bj hoa6 chflng kien bao lUc hgc dudng Hinh^thflc b^o lUc ph6 bifin la danh nhau, hoae m ^ g chfli gifla cac ban hoc sinh, Co th^ n h a n thay, ti-ong trUdng hoc hi^n xnKt hifin nhieu vSh de Ufin quan deh dao dflc va lfii song cua hgc sinh, Neu hifin dang phai dcS m a t va giai quyet khfing cfi sU djnh hufing va giao due thi nhifi'u v ^ d l , nhU vaii di bfiio lUc hge A i r dudng, vi pham quy che hgc, t h i cU, vfi le m Nguyin Duy Nhien, 2015, Su c ^ thiSt cua c6ng tac vfii t h a v CO e i a o '"" ^ , ^ Tai mfit so trUdng hoc, h a n h vi danh d hoe sinh dang la mfit vSh dfi' bflc ™ ^ ^ trudng hoc hoi canh giao due v^ d^o tao Viet Nam hi|n.^^^,Ky yiSu Hoi thao khoa hoc Quoc te Cdng tdc xd Mitr^n^ hgc kinh nghiim gudc tivd '^(^ h^phdt triin d Viit Nam, Nxb Dai hoc Su ° ' xfle v d n o i cfim Q u a I n t e r n e t , sfl d u n g cfing c u t i m kifi'm g o o g l e v d tfl k h d a " b a o '^ ' ^ lUC h o c d u d n g d V i e t N a m " s a u , g i a y pham Ha Noi (« 'Nguyen Hifp ThiWng, Pham Vfin Tu, Nguyen J « ^ Biah, Tnld,^ HoUng AiA 2015 Thdc t r ^ g van ae trUong hoc va nhu cau phat trien aoi ngu nhan vign cfing t&cxah6ilroiigtxU&ng hoc, i^ygiiHoi thao cho r a 778.000 k^t qnk^K Dilu n a y chflng ^^ ^^ Q " J *f'?^?^, ^ K^xixj J, (* f t V jighiem quoc te va dtnh hUdng phat tr^n a Vtet Nam, ^ J o to CO n h i l u bai vifit, nhieu thfing tin lifin stf 2^17 '^^l^J,!^^'^ Nxb, D^ hoc Su pham Hi Noi NHAN LUC KHOA HOC XA HOI MOT S6 G0I t VE N O I D U N G VA H I N H THLTC TO CHtJ'C eae em se phat trien nhan each khong ho^n thifin TCf dfi, xuSt hi$n nhu ciu diide giao due ve dao dtic, lfii song cho cac em va mfit nhiing giai ph&p tfii liu c§in thttc hifin la ttt phia cfing tac xa hoi Qua ddy, tac gia dfi' xua^t mfit sfi' nfii dung giao due d^o diic, lfii song eho hoc sinh txong nha tnicing hifin nay, nhii sau: Giao due each sfi'ng, loi sfi'ng, thai dfi, hfinh vi, each dfi'i nhfin x\i th^, d?.y cfic em "hoe fin, hgc nfii, hoc gfii, hoc m6" Do la hfi thfi'ng cac quy t^c dao diic, bdn phfin, each ting xut, dfii xvt theo mgt tfin ti, trfit tli, khuon phep h i t sttc ch^t ehe dttdc hinh thfinh vfi tri mfit cfieh bin viing NhQng gia tri dao dtic truyin th&ig cin dttdc tri vfi giao due cho cfie em efi t h i k l din: lfing nhfin fii, dfi lUdng, vj tha, tinh tinh hiin diu, mim mong, fin hoa, tinh te giao tilp, thuy chung, cin cu, ehiu khfi, Ben eanh nhiing gia trj dao dtic truyin thfi'ng dfi, di phti hdp v6i xa hoi Vifit Nam hifin dai c ^ giao due cho cfic em mfit sfi' gia tri d£io dtie mfii, nhU: si;l nfing dfing, thao vat, thong minh sfie sao, quylt liet, manh me, kifin dinh, chi'nh kien, sfi'ng phfing khoang, gifiu Udc md, hofii bao, dam mao hilm, eh^p nhfin thtt thfich, co nhilu sd thich cfi nhfin, 2.2 Gido due dinh kitdng ngki nghiip Dinh hudng nghi nghiep lfi mot yfiu clu khfing t h i thilu cua hoc sinh nhfi tnictog: b3i le, efie em cln chon nghi nghifip nfio phQ hdp nhfi't vfii nfing lUe, nfing khilu vfi trUctog eo thi tim dUdc vifie lfim d^ dang vfi co thu nhfip to't nha!t vl cac ng^nh nghi nhii nhu ciu cua thi trUdng, hiifing phat triln nhflng nftm tdi, chi phi dao tao, de cho cac em hoc sinh co dutdc nhiSng thfing tin chmh xac ve nganh nghe, giiip eae em cfi hudng lUa chon nghe phu h^p Qua phong vSh sfiu vk thao lufin nhfim tfip trung cae nhfim hoc sinh, tde gia nhfin th^y, cac em cfi thien hiidng liia chon nhiing ngfinh nghi ma gia dinh co truyin thong; chdng han, chon ngfinh nghi tiidng ting vfii nghi cua fing, ba hoae bfi' me Muc dich chmh theo cfie em lfi efi kha nfing xin diidc vi^c hdn sau tot nghiep tnictog Ciing efi mot so'cac em liia chon nghi dtfa theo nhu clu eua thi tni6ng hofic theo sfi thich cua ban thfin Vi v^y, vi^c dinh hudng nghi nghifip tai tnictog cho cac em hoc sinh nhfim eung cfi' nilm tin cho cac em vifie lUa chon nghi nghiep lfi mfit vifie lfim het sttc can thiet 2.3 Gido due ky ndng song Ky nfing sfi'ng lfi nhiing ky nfing giiip ngUcli thich ting vdi mfii trttcfng sfi'ng, bao glm mfii tnidng tU nhien vfi mfii tnictog xa hfii ^^ vfiy, ky nfing sfi'ng phai lfi mfit phan nhiing gi hoe sinh dUdc hoc trUdng p h i thfing^*' Cfi t h i nhfin thfiy, k;y nfing so'ng hfin quan de'n nhilu linh vUc cua cu§e sing, tit nhiing ky nfing dam bao an tofin cho ban thfin din nhQng hy nfing tUdng tac vfi sfi'ng hfii hoa vfii ngUcli khfic Tfi't ea cfic ky nfing sfi'ng dfi'u eo anh hudng de'n deli song cam xiie cua cfic ca nhfin Trong bfii •KJAi J - « „.'.- - ; A J j ^ ' I ll ^a_ i# N§1 d u n g c u a g i a o d u e d m h h U d n g n g h i '* Nguyen Thj Minh Hilng, 2015, ChiWng trinh phfing ngiJa vk can thi|p tfim IJ^ cko hM sinh tring hpc cC sfl, nghifip tnictog hoc cfi t h i k l den Ifi xl V * **' - j^,« , thUdng xuyfin cung cap cac thfing tin mfii NHAN Ltrc KHOA HOC XA H^l : ^^ y^" ^^^ *-^^° ^°^ l>9c Quoc t^ Cdng tdc xd h^ trU&ng hoc kinh nghiim quoc ti va dinh hUdng phdt tri4n Vi0t Nam, Nxb DJ hoc Sn ph^m m N§i g|f 2-2017 NGUYEN THANH BINH canh hifin cua cac trUdng hoc d nUfic ^ta, CO t h ^ de ru^'t mfit so*noi dimg can giao due ve ^ky n a n g sfihg cho hoc sinh n h a trudng, nhU: k y nSng nhfin difin cam xue cua ban th§n; ky n a n g n h a n difin v a t h a u c a m xfle c a m c u a ngUdi khac; ky n a n g bfic IS, chia se cam xue; ky n a n g kiem soat edn gian, ky n ^ n g ki^m soat cam xue tieu eUc (lo au,^cang thang, buon,,,,); ^ n a n g tUdng tac xa hoi,,,, Neu hge sinh n h a trudng dUdc giao due nhiing ^ n a n g s^ng nky, cac em co t h e efi dUdc mot ddi sShg t i n h t h ^ khde m a n h va h a n h phuc sau nay, 2.4 Gido due gidi tinh, siic khoe sinh sdn Giao due gifii.tinli hifin d Viet Nam Mot nghien cflu khac cua nhfim nghifin cflu Dokn Thi Binh Minh, Nguyfin Thi Minh, ^Phan Thi Hoa, Cao Hong Minh (1998) cung dUa r a ket qua tUdiig tU, cac b^c cha me v ^ cfin ngai ngung khfing mu^n nfii vdi cai v^ giao^duc gifii tmh, Ho quan nifim d^y Ik ehuyfin th^m kin, chuyfin x^u khfing nen noi ra, Khi cai ^ lfin se t u bi^t, khfing can phai noi cung giong n h u trUfie dSy fing b a khfing bao gid nfii dieu najr*''^Qna phan tich d trfin, ehung t a cfi th^ ru* r a ket lufin, n h u cau tim hi^u v^ cac v ^ d^ hfin quan d^n gifii tinh cua cac em 1^ cfi, nhifin gia ^ n h v§n cfi sU ne t r a n h n h a t dinh vific t r a Idi cac v l h bat dau m a n h n h a dUfii hinh thflc giao due sflc khoe gia dinh hay ki nfing sfihg, Tuy nhien, eae ehUdng t r i n h dfi mfii ehi la thfl nghifim va chua chflng to dUdc hifiu qua eua ehung, Theo Hoang Ba Thinh, ehuyfin gia nghien cflu vfi^ gia ^ n h vk gifii, n h a n ^^ ^^ ^^^ ^^^ ®™- Do ^o, trach nhi^m giao ^^^ S^^ tinh can dUdc dfi^ xuat d^ dUa vao ^^^S cac trUdng hoc, dUfii each tiep e | n ^^^ ^^^S *^c ^^ ^Oi- Cong tac xa hgi * ^ ^ g ^^ cae em hfin quan dfih sflc khoe sinh san, y^ , , ^* lifin quan den nhflng bifin dfii khac thUdng ^ , ed the eua chung, , - • , ,.Thit hai, giao due cho cac em mfit lfii ung xU thUdng gap hdn ea eua cac b|e phu hu3nih Ik nfi tranh Hdu hfit deu gifl im ^„tent&view=artide&id=1506:giao.dc.tinli.dcK;ho.Ip tr-trach-iiliim-thuc-v-ai&catid=220;giao-duc-ve skBs& lfing, lang t r a n h hofic t i l hoan, thfim, chi ^^^^^^^^a,hoesiphsan.orennde^.php?opiion^om_ tfl ch^ giai dap thac mfie cua cai vfi •i: ij- T n ^ ^ * 'J ^ ^ i A « « 4-«A«i* content&view=artide&id=1506:giao-dc-tinii-dc-cho-lptr-trach-nhim-thuc-v-ai&catid=220:giao-duc-ve-skBs& I^^^^-Q^J^ gldl tmh- Ba dUa vi du ve sU lang t r a n h t r o i ^ gi^o due gifii tinh dfii vfii cai, T, nfl, 15 tu^i, hoc sinh, TPHCM, cho bifi't ' ' » ' "vi du n h u chuyfin tinh yfiu tiii lau lfiu em hoi me chiit chut thoi tM me noi eon n i t , ^ • • ^° ma hoi ehuyfin ngUdi Ifin'*'^ ; sti 2-2017 co Ngi^^Sn Hi$p Thuong, Pham Vftn Tu, Ngi^en " ^ ^ ^ ^ i ^ T^^l^ H