Mor so cm YVE VIEC KHAI THAC TV NGV TRONG PHAN MON TAP DOC (MON TIENG VIET LfiP 4 , 5 ] ThS Ll iU THI TINH TInS TRAN P H U O N G THANH" Abstract Reading comprehension is one of the most critical skill[.]
Mor so cm YVE VIEC KHAI THAC TV NGV TRONG PHAN MON TAP DOC (MON TIENG VIET LfiP 4,5] ThS LliU THI TINH - TInS TRAN P H U O N G T H A N H " Abstract: Reading comprehension is one of the most critical skills that an elementary student can master Without it, the students will struggle in other subjects they encounter at school This article discusses a number of strategies that can be used in elementary classrooms to promote students'vocabulary development and comprehension skills It recommends that teachers should go beyond the vocabulary suggested in the textbooks by identifying and expanding on new key words Understanding the strengths of each classroom activity and knowing when to use it will also help teachers to guide and assist students effectively Keywords: reading, strategies, vocabulary, interpretation, Khai quat viec khaithac t i i n g u t r o n g phan m o n Tap doc [dp 4,5 / Tam quan trgng cua viec khaithac tungu trongj)han mdn Tap dgc lop 4,5 Oecupe song canp hoan thien tot dep hon, mS ngudi deu phai phan dau ren iuyen, lipe tap, tieh luy kien thdc, hinh kT nang (KN) eho ban than Cac kien thdc, KN ma ngudi tiep thu dupe suot eupc ddi phan Idn la nhd KN dpe Dpe la mpt KN sd dung tieng Viet va ia KN quan troig hang dau cua nguc^ na chung, hposinh t'Sj hpc (HSTHjndirieng.Nhdbiet doc, tre khdng chlcd cong cu de giao tiep, tu va hpc tap ma gop phan hudng cac em den cac gia trj chan, ffilen, ml, hoan thien nhan each V i vay, phan mdn Tap doc dupc danh thdi lupng Idn mon Ti&ig Viet, dac biet d Idp 4,5 Nhiem vudactarng.quan trpng nhat cua day Tap dgc la hinh tiianh nang luc dpe cho hpe sinh (HSJ Nang luc bao gom matktthuatva mat thdng hieu npi dung Trong dpe thdng hilu npi dung thi doc hieu la dieh cua iioat dpng dpe vi nd khong nhQng giup ngudi dpe n5m npi dung van ban, tich luy k i ^ thuc, phat trien tu duy, ia co sd de dpe hay, dien cam ma cdn hudng tdi nhu cau hoc tap suot ddi eua mdi eon ngudi Do dd, day dpe hieu can hinh cho HS nhieu KN, cd KN nhan dien va hieu ngdn ngdvan ban (td, cau, doan, eau tnic, cac thdng diep ehinh va cht tiet quan cua van ban); dac biet ia khai thac td ngd, khau dau tien -chia khoagiup HSTH mdc^nh cda h\iu npi dung van ban Viec khai thac td ngd phai dupe b^t dau td khau lua ehpn td ngd, xay dt/ng tddien dien td, thdi diem giai nghTa td ngd thieh (kil-11/2015)- electronic dictionary hap gid Tap dtxva bien phap giai nghia tdcho phu hc^ Khi lam tot cac khau n ^ , HS khdng chl dupc phat frien von td, md rong hieu biet, cam nhan dupe eai hay^ eai d ^ eua van ban ma edn dupc nang cao, phattrien KN dpe, ti/hpc 1.2 Thtrc trang viec khai thac tir ngu day hgc phan mdn Tap dge idp 4,5 hien 1.2.1 Vephia giao vien (G V) Trong qua trinh du gid, tim hieu eac gid Tap dgc Idp 4,5, ehung toi thay ben eanh nhiJng gid day thanhcong, hieu qua, tao dupe hdng ttiu hpe tap cho HS van cdn nhdng t ^ day chua cdng; ma mpttrong nhung nguyen nhan chinh la G V chua biet each khai thac td ngd cho hieu qua Trong gidday Tap dgc, nhieu G V gap khd khan lua chpn tu ngu de giai nghTa Khi lua chpn dupc tungd, lai lung tung khong biet nen dua td ngd giai thich vao thdi diem nao tien trinh cua gidday Tap doc eho hpp li Khi giai nghTa td, cd GV giai nghTa td mpt each qua loa, dai khai; ngupc lai, cd GV giainghTa tdmpt each dai ddng, lefrie.khohieUj tham chi, chua hieu dung nghTa cua tu Thieu suho trp cua cae phuong tien day hpc nhu td dien dien td nen viec giai nghia td vda mat nhieu thdi gian, vda kho khan, nang ne, khdng tao dupc st/chuycua HS Dieu da anh hudng khong nho (5e'n chat lupng gidday rapdbc.Thi/cchatGVxacdinh ratrovaitro eua vi§c khal ttiac tdngdtrong viec day dpchiaj, nhung vikhanhieulidonhu khdng cdnhieu t i d i gian, thieu von son^, dieu kien cosdvatehat han hep nen gap kha nhieu khd khan khai thae tdngdtong gidTap dpe Cho nen, viec djnh hudng cho GV each khai ' TnfBDefiaJ hoc Tha Ha Noi Tap chi Gido due so 369 23 thac td ngutrong gid Tap dgcse gdp phan giup eho gid hoe nhe nhang, sinti dpng va hap d i n HS iion r.!2.2 l^epMa WS H STH hien it h ung thu vdi viec dpe sach madanh nhieu thdi gian choi game vdi nliiaifrdehoieuonhuthoae dpe tmyen tranh bdi tmyen thudng it chu ma lai co mau s^c hap dan Neu tinh trang keo dai se d i n den vd'n hieu biet cua eac em han che, khong cd KN tudpc - tu hpc^va dieu se anh hudng khdng tot tdi su phat trien tri tue, nhan each cua tre Mpttrong so rat nhieu nguyen nhan la cac em cam thay chua hdng thu vdi "mdchu" khd hieu Ma hieu van ban phai bat dau td"hieu tu", nhung dieu IEU khdng don gian dd'i vdi H STH Vi the, viec dua mpt so gpi yve viec khai thae tdngu gid Tap dgcla rat can thiet, giup^cho gidday nhe nhang, bdt khd khan, gan gui, dehieu va hap dan hon, HS se hao hdng hpc tap, nang luc dpe dupe nang cao, cae tdcan giai nghTa xuong phan "Tim hleubaP.Ci hai thdi diem giai nghTa tren deu chua tieh cue, chua sang tao va chua hieu qua Khi day, GV can can ci? vao ndidung cua tdng baicuthedelua chpn thdidian giai nghTa tu cho phu hpp Cd tardng hpp de djnii hudng, giup HS hieu sau ndi dung bai t§p doc, GV can giai nghTa mptsd'tdtrong phan "Lu]/&i dgd', cunq cd tu ngd can dupe khai thac tim hieu phan 'Tim hieu bai" IZ/'c/u.-Bai" rud/A/ffua" {1; tr 149}, can giai nghia tir nhu sau: phan Luyen docgiai nghTa tu"/uo//i£?ya" (edn dupe gpi la tudi Ngp, tud'l cua ngudi sinh nam ngua, theo each tinh tuoi am lieh eua ngucrt Viet); d phan Tim hieu bai, G V can khai thae, hucmg din H S tim hieu eae td "dai ngan, gio den, gio xanh, gio h6ng"6egiup HS hieu npi dung kho thp: chu be tuoi ngua thieh bay nhay di day, di do, qua bao vung mien Mot so goi y v e viec kliai thac t u n g d t r o n g dait nude: nhung dong cp, doi che xanh mudt cua phan mon Tap doc Idp 4,5 vung tmn^ du, nhung canh dong dat bao la nhung 2.1 Phat hien tungu quan trgng Jtong gid chu be van yeu me, nhdmeva muon trove vol me day Tip doc, G V can chu y phat hien cae "tu khoa" I//tfu.'Bai "Chuoinggc lam" (2; tr 134} can giai quan trpng de hudng dan HS Thuc te, tronp mdi bai nghTa nhung tu sau: - phan Luyen dgc, GV can tap dpe, sach giao khoa deu dua cac tddechu giai hudng dan HS hieu tu"c/jU(5/nfiioc/am"(mpt vong Nhieu GVkhiday cho HS dpe toan bp chil giai va coi trang sdc bang ngoc mau xanh lam, dep^ quy, ratco nhu da hoan hoatdpng giai ngliia tdtrong gid gia trj) Day la dau moi de HS hieu dien bien npi Nhung gid day nhu vay thudng khdng dem lai hieu dung cau chuyen;-Cf phan T/Vn/i/a/da/'.quaviec qua cao HS se khong hieu het npi dung cua bai \kp giai nghTa td "fta'n"(hanh dpng trao dd'i mpt vat fle dpe; chat lupng dpe eung han che; gid hpc se don nhan mpt so tien vdi gia trj tuong duong}, IHS Idp dieu, buon te, khong tao dupc thu hpc tap cho se iiieu sau s^c ndidung van ban: cd beGioan HS Neu GVcdstidautu, sang tao, tim tdi, khaijhac, tho, hon nhien, dang yeu, vdi mpt n§m tien xu da phat hien td ngd, gid day se phong phu, hap dan va mua cho chi gai mpt chudi ngoc lam d^ttien ma hieu qua hon khong he suy nghT, cdn anh chang "Pi-e tram ngM VidtJ:Bai "Keo cd" (1; tr 156), sach giao khoa chi nhin co be Roi liji hul gd minh giay ghi gia tien ''{2; giai nghTa td "giap"(6an vi dan eu cap thon tr 134} de cd be tho khdng phai ban khoan, v^ xua) De giup HS ldp hleukeo co la tro choi dan ngudi chl gai nhan dupc "chudi ngoc lam" d3t gianthuvj,GVphaihudng dan HS phat hien vahieu tientdtaycdenigaibebdngdakhon^hevuimdng them nghTa mpt so td nhu "keo co"(la mot tro choi ma het sde lo lang sp em dai dot De td dd cac em dan gian, hai dpi dung aiptspi day thung, moi dpi n^m hieu chan li cupe sd'ng: eon ngudi biet y§u thuong, mpt dau^day va keo ve phia dpi minh Dpi nao keo chia se, biet quan tam ngudi khac se luon cd nilm dupc diem chinh gida spi day gua vach ranh gidi la vui, hanh phuc bdi "cho la nhan" dpi chien th^ng); "freo''(lamptlanthidau), 'Tinhthan 2.3 Sir dung mdt so'bien phap giai nghia tti thugng vd"(manh me, cd phach, hao hiep) phan mdn Tap dgc Idp 4,5 2.2 im ehgn thdi diem glai nghia tu 2.3.1 Phucfng phap tnjc quaniBkj la each dua fli/d-rfa;j'.Trong gidday rapdbc.GV can biet lua ehpn cac vat that tranh anh, ban do, video clip, minh thdi diem giai nghTa tdelio phu hpp Day la dieu ma hpa giup HS hieu nghTa cua tdngdtronq bai Taptfoc nhieu G V khorig chu y Quytrinh co ban cua gid Tap Cach giai nghTa phu hpp vdidac diem tam sinh li dgc ldp^4,5 gom: Luyen dpe (dpe vd); Tim hieu bai luatudiHS Idp4, S.Cacem tu cu the, thich quan (dpe hieu); Luyen dpe lai (dpe diln cam, dpe cung cd, sat, tim hieu,kham ptia.Giai nghTafi)bing true quan dpe nang eao} Cd GV cho (Jpc toan bp ehu giai giup eac em nhanh nam bit nghTa euafejf,hieu sau va phan "Luyen dgd" Ngupc lai, cd gid day, G V khdng nhd kTnpi dung eua bai tap doc, tao hdng thu hpc tap, giai nghTa tddphan "Luyen dgd' ma chuyen loan bp gid hpc thuc su hap d i n , Idi cuon va hieu qua 24 Tap chi Gido due so 369 •(kil-11/2015) VIdij: Khi dpe cac td ngd "gki den, gio xanh, gio hong" bai '7uotNgtra''(\; tr149), nhieu HS se thac mac, khdng hieu tgi lai cd "gio den, gio xanh, gio hong" Neu GV chieu cac slide hlnh anh hoac video clip nhdng eanh ning dai ngan, nhdng canh dong che, cp ngut ngan vung tmng du, nhung eanh njftig ca phe vung Tay nguyen dat bazan , HS se hieu ngpn gid dua ehu bequa khip eac vung mien vdi nhung net dac sac, ve dep neng day sac mau cua que huong dat nudc Giai nghTa t u b i n g tore quan khdng chi giup HS hieu nghTa tu, ma qua nhirng dodung, hinh anh dep, cac em edn dupc giao due tinh tham mT, chinh xac Giai nghTa t d b i n g tn/c quan cdhieu qua rat cao gid TapdbcnhungdoihdlGV phaicdsudau tueong phu,mat nhieu thdigian tim tdi vachuanbj.Mat khae, sudung dodung tn/c quan gid Tap dgc, G V khdng nen lam dung, qua sa da.^phu tfiupc vao dung maphai nghien cdu, can nhic sudung eho phu hpp, cdhieu qua 2.3.2 Neu dinh nghia, khai niem dugc dung bien day B'nq Vietdtieu hgc Cach giai nghTa vda giiip HS hieu nghia eua td, vda gdp phan ren luyen, phattrientuduy cho HS;matkhae, hinh cho HS each tra tddien, ren cacli lam viec, nghien cdu khoa hpe Giai nghTa tdbang each neu djnh nghTa, khai niem CO ba mdc, td don gian d§'n phde tap, t d d i den khd: - Mde d i nhat la dua khai niem va td tuong ung, H S noltdva khai niem; - Muc khd hon la dua npi dung khai niem, HS tim tutuong dng: - Mdc kho nhat la neu tu, HS tim npi dung, khai niem tuong dng, Cach giai nghTa ddi hoi HS phai ed hieu biet va trinh dp tu nhat djnh Cacli glai nghTa thu ba thudng dupe dung phan mdn Tip dbcldp 4,5 Wdu.'Bai "Chiidatnun^' (1; tr 134), HS can hieu duoc cac td: "nung"{c\\o vao Ida de lam ndng, ran chic mptvat) hoac "dban5'"(vung ve, chang lam ^\i