TE UCSNG DAI HOC DONG T H A P Tap chi Khoa hgc so 27 (08 2017) VAN DE HOC PHI TRINH DO CAO D A N G NGHE dNirOfCTA HIEN NAY • Phan Anh Tuan'''''''''''' Tom tk Gid thdnh va ndng luc chi trd la hai thuoc tinh ca[.]
Tap chi Khoa hgc so 27 (08-2017) TE.UCSNG DAI H O C DONG T H A P VAN DE HOC PHI TRINH DO CAO D A N G NGHE dNirOfCTA HIEN NAY • Phan Anh Tuan''' Tom tk Gid thdnh va ndng luc chi trd la hai thuoc tinh ca bdn cdu tieu chudn hoc phi cua mgt trinh ddo tgo Tuy vgy gid hoc phi trinh cao dang nghi a Viet Nam nhiing ndm gdn day thdp vd tdng tru&ng chdm nhimg vuat qud khd ndng chi trd cita nguai hgc, dgc biet Id doi vai nhimg sinh viin CO hodn cdnh hnh te kho khdn Tren ca saphdn tich thong ke thuc trgng vdn de hgc phi trinh cao ddng nghe 2010 - 2015, hdi bdo phdt hien tinh mdu thudn noi tgi cUng nhu cdc hgn che vdn de hgc phi trinh cao ddng nghe a nuac ta hien Id tdc dgng tntc tiep tie su gia long qua mire cua chi so CPI, tang trudng GDP binh qudn ddu nguai cham va su hd tra tdi chinh hgc tap cua chinh phu CO hgn Trencasado, bai bdo de xudt mgt so kien nghi va gidi phdp phit hap, gop phdn hoan thien vdn de hgc phi trinh cao ddng nghe a nuac ta hien Tit khoa Hoc phi, gid thdnh, kha ndng chi trd, sinh vien cao ddng nghe Dal van de Hoc phi day nghe noi chung, cao dang nghe (CDN) noi rieng la vSn de nong thu hut sir quan tam cua xa hpi dieu kien nuoc ta dang mo rong quy mo dao tao CDN de xay dung nguon nhan luc ky thuit thyrc hanh b^c cao phuc vu phat tnen kinh te - xa hpi Tren thuc te, de xay dung tieu chuan hgc phi CDN vira phu hop voi hao phi dao tao, vira phu hop vol kha nang chi tra cua nguoi hpc la mot van de nan giai doi hoi c6 cac giai phap va doi sach hpp H Nhung nam qua, hpc phi trinh dp CDN da gia tang cung voi tang truong GDP binh quan dau nguoi nhimg thuc chat tieu chu&i hpc phi CDN o nuoc ta hien vin thap so vdi yeu cau thuc te Nam hpc 2013 - 2014 tieu chuan hoc phi trinh CDN nuoc ta dao dong tir 2,6 trieu - 4,9 trieu/ nam hpc/ sinh vien (SV) "So voi tieu chuantiiuhpc phi tai mot so co so dao tao CDN nuoc ngoai cung cau thuc te nhung vugt kha nang chi tra ciia nguoi hpc, d|c biet la doi voi nguoi hpc co hoan c^nh kinh te gia dinh kho khan Van de duong nhien CO quan he mat thiet voi dien bien tang truong thu nhap binh quan dau nguoi va gia tang chi so CPI nhijng nam gan day Tren co so phan tich thong k§ thuc trang van de hoc phi CDN nuoc ta giai dogn 2010 - 2015, bai bao chi tinh mau thuan npi tai ciing nhu nhiing h^n ch6 van de hoc phi CDN Tir de xuat mpt so giai phap phu hop de hoan thien van de hpc phi CDN hien Thuc trang van de hoc phi trinh CBN tf nmrc ta hi^n 2.1 Bien doi tang tnrong djnh mux thu hoc phi Tir Nghi dinh 49/2010/ND-CPve quy djnh miic tran hoc phi doi voi trinh dp CDN tir nam hpc 2010 - 2011 den nam hpc 2014 - 2015 cho kynhuHocvi^nKy thuat day nghe Vu Han (17,2 thay dinh miic tran thu hpc phi trinh CDN tri^u dong/nam/ SV); Hpc vien Ky thuat day nghe doi voi cac nganh nghe dao tao da tang qua cac Nam Kinh (14,3 trieu dong/SV/nam)" [1], khong nam hpc, kho nhgn tieu chuan hpc phi Bang Dinh mirc tran hoc phi trinh dto CfiN CDN nucrc ta co su chenh lech vi chi so gia t3ng CPI 2010 - 2014 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 kha Ion hao phi dao tao tiim CDN ve CO ban lanhu Mac Cao nhat (dong/thdng/St 'i 410.000 440 000 460 000 490.000 520.000 dil hpc phi trinh CDN nuoc Tang so vm nSm tnicrc (%) 7,31 6,5 4,5 6,1 ta hien thap so voi yeu Thap nhat (ctdng/thang/S\'} 220,000 230 000 250.000 260.000 280.000 o Nghien ciru smh, Vien Nghien ciiu Kinh t l Giao due va Quan ly, Tnroug Dai hoc Khoa hpc Ky thuat Bac Kinh, Bfic Kmh Tnmg Quoc Tang so vdi nSm tnnic 4,5 8,7 4,0 7,7 CM so gia tang CPI so vol 6,81 6,04 11,75 18,13 4,09 nam tnidic (%) Sgudn - Xghi dinh sd 49/2010/ND-CP vd Tong ciic Thong kS TRUCtNG DAI HOC DONG THAP Tap chi Khoa hpc so 27 (08-2017) Bang GDP binh quSn dau ngaiti va Nam hpc 2014 - 2015, dinh muv tran hoc phi trinh CBN 2010 - 2014 muc tran hpc phi CDN dao dpng tir NJm 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 280.000 dong/thang/SV den 520.000 dong/thang/SV So voi nam hpc GDP binh quan dau ugain (tri^u 2010-2011, dinh mirc tran hoc phi 21.66 26,22 36,84 41,23 43,04 trinh dp CDN cao nhat va thap nhat dong/nSm/ nguoi) da tang tit 60.000 dong/thang/SV den 110.000 dong/thang/SV Dong Djnh muc tran hoc phi (tn^u dong/ 2,2 - 4,1 2,3 - 4,4 2,5 - 4,6 2,6 - 4,9 2,8-5,2 thoi, dinh mirc tran hpc phi hang namhoc/SV) nam tang khong toi 10% so voi nam Dinh muc tran truoc Dieu phan anh tang truong hoc phl/GDP dinh mirc tran hoc phi trinh dp binh quSn d^u 10,2 -18,9 8,8 -16,8 6,8 - 12,5 6,3 - 11,9 6,5-12,1 CDN ch&m va chua tuong xiing voi nguoi (%) yeu cau th\rc te NguSn Nghi dinh sd 49'2010/ND-CP vd Tdng cifc Thdng M Thienhdt, giai doan2010- 2014, tang truong Dinh miic tran hoc phi trinh dp CDN da gia GDP CO ehieu huong di xuong nhung chi so l&m tang Cling voi tang trudng GDP binh quan dau phat CPI gia tang dSn toi gia ca leo thang va duong ngucri (xem bang 2) Dong thoi, dinh mirc tran hoc nhien chi phi dau tu dao tao nghe ciing phai phi hang nam chiem chiem 6,3% -18,9% GDPbinh gia tang tuong ung quan dau nguoi Tuy nhien, chi so gia tang CPI Thir hai, mpt nhimg dac thii dao tao trinh din toi chi phi hpc tap trinh dp CDN vin cao dp CDN la dao t ^ nguon lao dpng ley thu|t thuc so vdi kh& nang chi tra cua nguoi hpc Dgc biet, doi hanh bac cao dap ung yeu cau cua doanh nghiep vol cac ho cgn ngheo, ho ngheo theo Quyet dinh Do do, trucmg hpc phai dau tu trang thiet bi dao 09/2011 /QD-TTg cua Thu tuong Chinh phii Khdo tao nghe tien tien hien dgi Dong thoi, nguoi hpc sat ve mirc sinh hoat phi cua Trung tam HottpSV nghe trai qua 70% tong so thoi gian hpc tap tgi cac Dai hpc Van Lang cho thay, nam 2013 sinh hogt phi xuong thuc hanh nghe va thuc tap san xuat, hao SV theo hpc tgi Ho Chi Minh dao dpng phi ve ngiofen li^u thuc hanh, di?n nuoc, hao mon til 19,55 tn^u den 26,76 trieu/SV/nam hpc Nhu may moc, , la kh6ng nho va can phai co nguon vay, tong sinh boat phi va hoc phi binh quan cua kinh phi dau tu thich hpp mpt SV hpc CDN tai Ho Chi Minh nam Thir ba, thoi dai kinh te thi truong, cac 2013 la 26,905 trieu/SV/nam hpc, chiem 65,26% doanh nghi?p van dyng nhung tim khoa hpc GDP binh quan dau nguoi nam 2013, dong thoi ky thu^t de tang nang suat san xuat Nguoi lao dong vuot qua kha nang chi tra ciia nguoi hpctiiupcho CO trinh chuyen mon ky thuat, lanh nghe van cgn ngheo, ho ngheo theo quy ^nh (cao gap 4,98 hanh day chuyen san xuat hien dai ciing dupe tra lan thu nhap binh quan ciia hp ngheo theo qi^ dinh) muc luong tuong xiing Tir lam phat sinh nhu Tong chi phi hpc tap tuong doi cao din toi mpt bo cau tang luong tir dot ngfi giao vien, nhihig nguoi phan SV co hoan canh kinh te kho khan phai lam lam cong tac dao tao va g i ^ g day linh vuc them ngoai gio hoc de trang trai chi phi hpc t^ dao tgo trinh dp CDN Tir nhimg nguyen nhan hogc khong co kha nang chi tra du chi phi hoc t^, khach quan noi tren, dac bi^t la nguyen nhan thir phM thoi hoc giiia chimg Dieu da anh hudng nhat va thir hai co the thay dinh mirc tran hpc phi khong nho den hieu qui dao tao ciing nhu hieu qua trinh dp CDN o nuoc ta nhimg nam gan day tang dau tu tir nguoi hpc nghe va gia dinh truong cham va thap so voi yeu cau thyc te 2.3 Che tin dijing SV, h9c sinh 2.2 Kha nang chi tra cua ngiroi hoc Che dp tin'dung SV, hpc sinh la mot Kha nang chi tra ciia nguoi hoc la mot nhung chii truong h6 trp hpc tap doi voi SV, hpc nhimg nhan to quan trpng danh gia tinh hpp li, bat sinh CO hoan canh kho khan dang theo hoc tgi cac hpp li xay dung tieu chuan hpc phi ciia mpt truong dai hpc, cao d&ig va trung cap cua Chinh he thong dao tgo phu thong qua Ngan hang Chinh sach Xa hpi, Tu TRUCJNG DAI HOC D N G THAP ban hanh quyet dinh tin dung SV, hpc sinh (27/09/2007) den nay, Chinh phu da ba lan dieu chinh dinh mirc vay von Tuy vay, dinh miic vay von SV, hoc sinh hien tgi van thap so voi toe gia tang chi so CPI Cu the nam 2014, dinh muc tin dung SV, hpc sinh la 1.100.000 dong/SV/thang, tang 100.000 dong so voi nam 2010, do, neu xay dung dinh miic vay von dua tren chi so gia tang Igm phat tii nam 2010 dki nam 2014, dinh miic vay von phii hpp van cao hon v6i dinh mite vay von theo quy dinh Dong thoi, xet goc dp tong chi phi hpc tap (hoc phi va sinh hoat phi) hang nam, dinh mirc vay von cung chi dap iing chua toi 50% tong chi phi hpc tgp Dieu cho thay che ho tro tai chinh cua Chinh phii doi voi SV CO hoan canh kho khan co SV CDN van co ban Tinh co han che dp ho trp tai chinh hpc tgp d6i voi SV c6 hoan canh kinh te kho khan c6 SV CDN c6 the dan toi nhiing doi tupng de rai vao riii ro dau tu hpc CDN nhu nii ro ki vpng hieu qua dau tu dgt dupe, rui ro benh tgt om dau, rid ro lira chpn nghe dao tao thieu chi phi hoc tap 2.4 "Khoang trong" thu hoc phi Dinh miic thu hoc phi thap dan tdi hi^n tupng mpt bp phan ca nhan dong tien xet tuyen hoc CDN va dong hpc phi CDN nhung thuc chat kh6ng tham gia khoa hpc ma de xin giay tam hoan nghia vu quan su Ben canh do, mpt so SV o tinh, gia dinh CO dieu kien, chi phi hoc tap dupe gia dinh chuyen qua th^ ngan hang nhung y tfiiic hoc tgp kem, tac dpng tieu cue tir moi truong xung quanh da khong dong cac khodn phi hpc tgp theo quy dinh, sir dung chi phi hpc tap vao cae boat dpng vui choi giai tri hoac dau tu vao ITnh vuc khac Nhimg hien tuong khong nhieu nhung da tac dpng true tiep den tiiai dp, tam ly hpe tap eua nhung S V khac Dgc biet la nhiing S V co hoan canh kho khan dang sir dung nguon von vay tir ngan hang de dau tu hpe nghe Mot so kien nghi va giai phap De xay dung tieu chuan hpe phi vira phii hpp voi hao phi dao tgo vira phii hpp voi khd nang ehi tra, nguoi hpc can co tong the cac giai phap va doi sach phu hpp Dua tren nhiing van de ton tgi cua hoc phi CDN nhimg nam gan day, bai bao de xuat mpt so giai phap sau Tap chf Khoa hpc so 27 (08-2017) 3.1 Tang dinh mirc hoc phi trinh CDN Trong di§u kien tieu ehuan hpc phi CDN nuoc ta hien thap va ehua phii hop vcri gia dao tgo CDN hay noi each khac la chua phil hpp vol hao phi dao tao CDN, tang dinh mirc hpc phi trinh dp CDN la mpt van de tat yeu De thyrc hien Ip trinh tang dinh mite hpc phi CDN phil hpp va khoa hoc, nha nuoc nen mo rpng che dp tu chu doi voi eac truong CDN, dae bi?t la tir chil ve tai chinh Thong qua mo rpng che tu ehu, edc truong se chii dpng xay dung tieu chuan hpc phi CDN phu hop voi hao phi dao tao thuc te va nang luc chi tra nhimg vimg kinh te, nhiing dja phuong khac Vi?c tang dinh muc hoc phi va giao quyen tu chii doi voi cac truang CDN xay dung tieu chuan hpc phi se khong chi giup cac trucmg CDN nang cao nang lire cgnh tranh dao tao, nang cao chat lupng dao tao ma hgn che dupe van de "khoang trong" thu hpc phi hien 3.2 Doi moi va hoan thien che tin dung SV, hgc sinh Viec tang tieu chuan hpc piii CDN phii hpp voi gia dao tao va hao phi dao tgo duong nhien se tao ap luc kinh te khong nho doi voi SV CDN CO hoan canh kinh te kho khan Do vgy, thoi gian toi Ngan hang Chinh sach xa hpi e ^ tiep tue tang mirc vay von doi vm cac SV co hoan canh kho khan Mite vay von phdi dam bao toi thieu kha nang chi tra eua nguoi hpe qua trinh dao tao Qua do, han che rih ro dau tu hoc CDN doi voi nguoi hoc Ben canh do, nhiing nam gan day, ti le SV truong tim kiem viec lam phu hpp kho, that nghidp gia tang Vi vay, Ngan hang Chinh sach xa hpi nen keo dai co che tra no, gia ban np doi voi SV CDN Viec keo dai thai gian tra np va gia ban no se gop phan gidm bot ap luc tra no doi voi SV CO hoan canh kinh te kho khan, dong thai giam bdt nii ro thu hoi von vay cho ngan hang 3.3 Van dong xa hoi ho tra tai chinh doi voi SV hoc nghe kho khan Viec ban hanh va thuc hien che dp tin dung SV, hoe sinh tir 2007 den da phan anh su quan tam va d0ng vien ciia Ddng va Nha nuoc doi voi S V co hoan canh kho khan dang theo hoc tai cae truong dai hoc, eao ding Tuy nhien, thuc te cho thay, ngan saeh ho trp vay von hpc t^ cua Nha nuoe thong qua Ngan hang Chinh sach xa hpi ciing eo gidi han TRU(3NG DAI H O C P O N G T H A P Tap chi Khoa hoc so 27 (08-2017) nh4t ^nh va khong the dap img va giai quyet nhu - Chinh sach ho trp tai chinh cua Chinh phu eau vay von cho tat ca cae doi tupng S V kho khan doi voi S V hpc nghe thong qua che tin dyng SV CO SV CDN Vi vay, nha trucmg can ehu hpc sinh co hgn Dieu co tiie tgo nii ro dpng keu gpi cac doanh nghipp, chinh quyen dia dau tu hpc CDN doi vdi nguoi hpc co hoan phuong, cac manh thudng quan, cac to chiic doan canh kinh te kho khan tiie xa hpi ho tro mpt phan chi phi hpe tgp doi vdi - "Khoang trong" thu hpe phi da tac SV hpe nghe co hoan canh kho khan thong qua c ^ ddng den thai dp, tam ly hpc tap SV hpc nghe, du cac hpc bong khi^en hpc dinh ky Dieu vira tac dong cua ehiing la khdng dang ke the hi^n sir quan tam h6 tro eiia xa hpi vita giam Dudi goc nhin ca nhan, tac gid de xuat ba giai bdt ap luc ve mat kinh te doi vdi SV hpe nghe eo p h ^ nham hoan thien van de hoe phi trinh dp CDN hoan cdnh kho khan Qua an tam hpc tap, thuan nude ta hipn bao gom day manh kinh phi dau lpi tot nghiep tu tir ngan sach nha nude; nang cao heu ehuan tiiu Ket luan hpe phi va dinh miic tin dung SV, hpc sirtii va keu Tren co sd phan tich thuc trang van de hpe goi luc lupng xa hpi tham gia hS trp tai chinh doi phi trinh dp CDN d nude ta hien nay, co the nit vdi SV hoc nghe co hoan canh khd khan, mpt so ket luan sau: Mac dii phan tich van de hpc phi CDN - Tieu chuan thu hpe phi tang trudng ehgm va phgm vi bai bao ehua thirc sp day dii va bao t h ^ so vdi yeu cau thuc te quat dong thdi nhimg gidi phap dua phii - Tang tmdng tieu chuan thu hoc phi phu hop thuoc vao su tang trudng kinh te va gia tang lam vdi tang trudng GDP nhung chi so CPI gia tang phat thdi gian tdi nhung bdi bao se eo tac dung ddn tdi ehi phi hpe tap vupt qua kha nang ehi tra nhat djnh dot vdi hoan thien van de hpc phi CDN./ ciia ngudi hoc co hoan canh khd khan Tai li^u tbam khao [1] Cao Shu-Jiang (2014) "Some issues on tuiUon of Chinese Higher Education", yowr«a/o/C/i;«offig/ie? Education Research, (5), p 44-48 [2] Chinh phii (2010), N^hi dinh 49/2010/ND-CP 14/5/2010 ciia Chinh phii vi miin, gidmhgcphi, hd trg chi phi hoc tap vd ca che thu, sir dung hgc phi ddi vai ca so gido due thudc hi thdng gido due qude dd ndm hoc 2010 - 2011 din ndm hgc 2014 - 2015 \3\ Thii tirdtig Chinh phu (2007), QuySt dinh so 157/2OO7/Q0-TTG 27/9/2007 ciia Thii tirong Chinh phil ve tin dung ddi v&i hoc smh, SV [4] Thu tudng Chinh phu (2011), QuySt dinh s6 09/2011/QD-TTg 30/01/2011 cua Thii tucmg Chinh pitiivi viec ban hdnh chudn hg nghio, hd can nghio dp dunggiai dogn 2011 -2015 [5] Thii tudng Chinh phii (2013), Quyk dmh s6 1196/QD-TTg 19/7/2013 ciia Thu tudng Chinhphu vi dieu chinh mdc cho vay ddi vai hgc smh SV [6] T6ng ciicTh6ng ke, Tdng trudng GDP hinh qudn ddu ngudi vd chi sd gia ldng CPI 2010 - 2014, www.gso.gov.vn [7] Wu Yi-ying (2008), Introduction to Higher Education Economic, Guang Dong Higher Education Pubhshing House, China CURRENT TUITION OF HIGHER VOCATIONAL EDUCATION IN VIET NAM Summary Cost and solvency are two basic attributes to constitute tuition standards of a training program However, the tuition of higher vocational educafton in Vietnam in recent years is low with slow growth, but exceeds students solvency, especially for those of low mcome families On statistically analyzing 2010-2015 year's tuition of higher vocational education, this article identifies its intemal conttadictions and limitations, which are directiy impacted by die excessive increase in CPI, but a slow one in GDP per capita and student loan programs limited Thereby, tiie article suggests a number of suitable recommendations and solubons Hopefully, these soluttons are practically useful to perfect the tuibon issue in question Keywords: Tuition, cost, solvency, student loan program, higher vocational education Ngdy nhdn bdi: 17/10/2016; Ngdy nhdn lgi: 29/12/2016; Ngdy duyet ddng: 25/7/2017 ... phii - Tang tmdng tieu chuan thu hoc phi phu hop thuoc vao su tang trudng kinh te va gia tang lam vdi tang trudng GDP nhung chi so CPI gia tang phat thdi gian tdi nhung bdi bao se eo tac dung... nhu Tong chi phi hpc tap tuong doi cao din toi mpt bo cau tang luong tir dot ngfi giao vien, nhihig nguoi phan SV co hoan canh kinh te kho khan phai lam lam cong tac dao tao va g i ^ g day linh... doan2010- 2014, tang truong Dinh miic tran hoc phi trinh dp CDN da gia GDP CO ehieu huong di xuong nhung chi so l&m tang Cling voi tang trudng GDP binh quan dau phat CPI gia tang dSn toi gia