TRUCJNG DAI H O C D O N G THAP Tgp chl Khoa hoc so 21 (8 2016) NGHIEN CUtJ VAN DE D A U TU^ TlT NGAN SACH NHA NU*6C DOI VOfI PHAT TRIEN DAY NGHE Of NU^6c TA HIEN NAY • Phan Anh Tuan", Ngo Viet Cu''''dng''''[.]
Tgp chl Khoa hoc so 21 (8-2016) TRUCJNG DAI H O C D O N G T H A P NGHIEN CUtJ VAN DE D A U TU^ TlT NGAN SACH NHA NU*6C DOI VOfI PHAT TRIEN DAY NGHE Of NU^6c TA HIEN NAY • Phan Anh Tuan", Ngo Viet Cu'dng'"', Pham Duy Phii'cng'™' Tom tat Bdi bdo phdn tich mdi quan hi gma gia ldng md rdng quy md ddo tao nghi vd thuc trgng ddu tu tie ngdn sdch nhd nudc doi vdi phdt triin Dgy nghi Qua dd di xudt mdt so gidi phdp nhdm ndng cao kinh phi ddu tu vd hiiu qud ddu tu ngdn sdch nhd nudc doi vai phdt triin Dgy nghi d nudc ta hien Tie khda: Day nghe, gia tdng quy md ddo tgo ddu tu lie ngdn sdch nhd nudc thuc trang, gidi phdp Mtf dau Giao dye nghe nghiep ndi chung, Dgy nghl ndi rieng la mdt bd phan quan ttgng ttong be thong giao dye quoc dan, giu vi tri quan trong chiln luge ddo tgo ngudn nbdn luc ky thuat thyc hanh pbyc vy qua trinb cbuyen ddi kmh te - xa hpi vd hdi nbap kinb te qude te Nhung ndm gan day, quy md dao tao giao due nghe nghiep, Dgy nghe d nudc ta lien tuc md rdng va cd nhieu ddng gop quan trgng, gdp phan nang cao ndng suat lao dgng, giai quyet viec ldm va cai thien thu nhgp ngudi lao dgng Tuy nhien, d cap dp va trinh dp phat trien gido dye nghe ngbiep Day nghe van cdn thdp vd chua dap ting dugc ygu cau thi trudng lao dpng; mdt nbiing nguygn nhan dan den hien tugng ndy dupc kl la mdi quan he mat thiet vdi thyc ttgng dau tu kinb phi tu ngudn ngan sach nha nudc Tren co sd pbdn ticb tfiyc ttang dau tu tti ngan sdch nbd nudc ddi vdi phdt tnen Day nghe, bdi bdo lam rd: Tdng kinb phi ddu tu khdng du, Co chl cap phat ngan sach mang tinh truyen thong va lgc hau; Phan bd kirtii phi ddu tu chua hpp Ii la nhimg van de ton tgi noi bat da vd dang ban cbe sy phat tnln ben viing ciing nhu han che viee khai thac hipu qua nguon tai nguyen dgy nghe Do dd, dau tu ngan sdcb nba nudc doi vdi Dgy nghe d nudc ta tbdi gian tdi can ttep tue cd nhirng gidi phap khoa bgc, phti hpp nhu cau thuc tien cac CO sd dgy nghl nham ndng cao hipu qua su dyng kinh phi dau tu tu ngan sach nha nudc Noi dung 2.1 Quy mo phat trien he thong Day nghe if mrdc ta nhihig nam gan day Dap ling nhu cau ngudn nbdn lyc ky thudt thyc hanh eua thi trudng Iao ddng Nhimg nam gan day, quy md co sd dgy ngbe va quy md tuyen sinh hoc nghe d cac cap trinh dp dao tao nghe da kbdng ngung md rgng Bang Quy mo phat trien co sd day nghe giai doan 2007 - 2013 (dvt: casd) \ ^ Nam 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 Cap ddng nghe 62 92 107 123 136 155 162 Trung cap nghe 180 214 280 306 307 305 302 Tnmg tdm day nghe 656 6*4 777 802 849 867 875 Truwn^ Ngudn: Bdo cdo Dgy nghe VielNam20ll Tong cue Dgy nghe 2012, 20] 3- Tu Ludt Dgy nghl cd bieu lyc (01/6/2007) din nay, quy md phdt trign co sd dgy nghe Viet Nam da lien tyc duac md rdng d cdp trinb So vdi nam 2007, nam 2013 so trudng cao ddng nghe da tdng 2,6 ldn, trung cap nghl tang 1,67 ldn, trung tam dgy nghe tang 1,3 lan Su md rdng quy md co sd dgy nghl keo theo quy mo tuyin sinh cac cap trinh dp dao tgo nghl lign tyc gia tdng (Bdng 2), '•' Tnrdng Dai hoc Khoa hoc Ky thuat Bdc Kuih, Bac Kinh, Trung Quoc Trucmg Cao ddng Ngbl Thdnh H6 Chi Mmh 67 Tgp chi Khoa hoc so 21 (8-20161 TRUONG DAI H O C D O N G THAP fr Bing Quy mo tuyen sinh hpc nghe giai do?n 2007 - 2013 (dvt: hgc vien) 2013 i i^ ' * 0^ Ngdn han Tong 538 000 1.707 000 745,527 1.732,016 Ngudn: Bdo cdoDgynghS VietNam 2011 2012 2013 - long c^ic Day nghl Nhung nam gan day, cbi ngan sach nha nudc hang nam doi vdi gido dye va dao tao tri d muc 20% tong chi ngan sach nha nudc dan tdi kinh phi dau tu tu ngan sach nhd nudc cbo Dgy nghe ciing hen tyc gia tang Ndm 2006, ngan sdch nha nudc chi Day nghe dgt 3.671 ti dong Den nam 2013, ngdn sdch nha nudc chi dgy nghe la 11 784 RIlKCIK ti dong, tdng 3,2 lan so vdi ndm 2006 Giai doan 2006 - 2013, toe dp tdng trudng kinh te co xu budng chgm nhung ngan sach nhd nudc cbi cho Dgy nghl hang nam deu tdng ttgn dudi 000 ti dong Ddc biet ndm 2007 Luat Dgy nghe dupc iiii£liii( thyc till, ngan saeh nha nudc chi cbo Dgy nghe da tang 1.322 ti dong nhdm md rdng mgng ludi cac iiic:^Di HJiililD 2.2 Thu-c trang dau ttr ngan sach nha nndc trudng cao ddng nghl va tnmg cap nghe Rieng nUminciJ doi voi phat trien Day nghe or nirdc ta hien nam 2010, ngdn sach nhd nudc chi cho Day nghe IIDU^ 2.2 I Tong chi ngdn sdch nhd nudc ddi vdi cung tdng 2.067 ti ddng dl triln khai de an ddo tao iiditco nghe cbo lao dpng ndng thdn phdt tnin Dgy nghi Tu ndm 2007 - 2013, quy md tuyen sirtii hpc nghl ddi han vd ngan hgn diu gia tang qua cdc ndm Binb qudn moi nam tuyen mdi cdc cap trinh ddo tgo nghe la 1.665.911 hgc vign Gia tang md rdng quy md ddo tgo nghe la mdt nhu cdu tat yeu de xay dung nguon nhan luc pbuc vy qua trinh phat triln kinh te - xa bpi bipn tgi va tuong lai Tuy nhien, su tdng trudng nhanh quy md dao tao nghe tgo cho xa hdi va cbinh phu nhieu thdch thuc Trong dd, noi bgt Id van de giai quyet viec lam, van de ddo tgo nghe gdn kit vdi yeu cau thi trudng lao ddng va ddc biet la van dl dau tu kinh phi tu ngan sach nba nudc doi vdi phat triln bin vijng be thong Dgy ngbe, Bang Toe dd tang t n r o n g kinh fe va dau tv ngan sach nha nudc doi vdi Day nghe giai doan 2006 - 2013 Toe dp tang trucmg kinh te a nam truoc (%) •iiljixiti Dau tu NSNN cho day nghe (ti dong) Hieu sudt tdi^ truong so voi nam iructc (%) '?«.iieti Nguon' Tdng iruang kinh tS VietNam 2004 - 2014 - Tong cue Thong k&vd So heu ihong kS ctia Tong cue Dtry nghe Mgc dungan sachnhanudc dti dio D J ^ nghl lien tuc gia tang, nhung tiiuc chat kinh phi i^u tutu ngdn sach nha nude cho Day nghe van rat cd ban va chua ^ tuong xung vdi nhu cau md rpng qyymd dao tgo ngh& JL DA , A Ngan K^A— ^AnU k i * tw.ih^ nkA Bdng sach W.U! nha —.wAn nir6'c »!.: chi nphat trien nDay nghe -yniiA 2006 -_ tlXA 2013 ^ 2010 Ngan sach nha nuoc chi cho day nghe (ti dSng) Ngdn sdch nhd nuoc chi cho ddo tao nghe GDP (%) Ngan sdch nhd nudc chi cho ddo tao nghe long ngdn sdch nha nuoc chi chp giao d\ic vd dao tao (%) Iiiimii ^ _ Bdo cdo Dgy nghi Vi4tNam ndm 2011 2012 2013 - Tdng cue Dgy n^m[^ 68 '"SllSCl! ^^^ TRUCfNG DAI HOC DONG THAP Giai doan2006-2013, kinh phi ddutu tii ngdn sdch nha nudc cho Dgy nghe hang ndm khdng dgt tdi 0,5% GDP (Bang 4) Trong dd ti le d cae nudc EU la 1,1% [4] Dong tbdi kinh phi chilm ti le cd ban ttong tong cbi ngan sdch nhd nudc cho giao due va dao tao (chilm 6,70% - 8.16%) Dau tu ngan sdch nhd nudc doi vdi Dgy ngbe cd han se anb hudng rat Idn den su phat trien ben viing he thong day nghe sau Dac biet la gidi quylt eac van de npi tgi cua dgy nghl nhu nhu cau tdng luong cua lyc lugng giao •vien, hipn dgi hda tfiilt bi dao tgo, van de cdng bdng ttong giao due dgy nghl Tap chi Khoa hoc sd 21 (8-2016) nhihig nai dang thieu nguon nhan Iuc ky thugt thuc hartii Trong do, dau tu danh cho khu vuc ndng thdn, vimg sau, vting xa van cdn rat ed han So lipu bao cdo cua Tong cyc Dgy nghe Vipt Nam 2012 cho tbay mang ludi phan bo cac ca sd ddo tgo nghl, dac bipt la eac trudng eao ddng nghe cd su chenh Ipch khd Idn giua khu vyc dong bang va miln ntii, giua khu vyc tbanh thi vd ndng thdn Nam 2012 ca nudc van cdn 13 tinb cbua cd trudng cao ddng nghe Khu •vyc Dong bdng sdng Hong cd 56 trudng cao dang nghe, ttong dd khu vyc Tdy Nguyen chi cd trudng [2] Phdn bo kinh phi dau tu phat tnln Dgy ngbl khdng dong deu giira cdc khu vyc kinb te se anh hudng rat Idn din phat tnen kmh te - xa hpi d nhimg khu vyc khd khan ve mdt kinh te nhu Tay Nguyen va Tay Bdc Cae khu vuc kinh tl ndy se ddi mat vdi nhieu kho khdn ttong phdt trien kinh te - xd bpi tbieu but nguon lye Iao ddng ky thugt Idnh nghl 2.2.2 Ca che cdp phdt ngdn sdch nhd nudc chi ddu luDay nghi Do ngan sach nhd nude han hep, dd Nha nudc va cac co quan hiiru quan cbi cd thi xay dyng CO chl cap ngan sdcb nha nudc cho Dgy ngbe mang tinh ngdn ban (tiing ndm mgt) ma chua thi xay dyng CO chl cbi ngan sach nha nudc cho Dgy ngbe mang tinh ttung bgn ( - nam), Dieu dan tdi cdc co 2.3 Kien nghi mot so giai phap nang cao quan chuc ndng thuc hipn ke hogch cbi ngan sach kinh phi dau tir va hieu qua dau tir tir ngan sach nbd nudc cbo Dgy nghl vd cting bi dgng ttong vipc nha nirdc doi v ^ phat trien Day nghe d nirtfc tnln khai kg hogch chi ngdn sach, dong thdi •viec ta hien triln khai muc tieu dai ban phat tnen mgng ludi co ^Q Day nghl nudc ta phdt ttiin on dinh bin sd dao tao nghe cdng ttd nen khd khan hon vung va ehilm mdt vi tri quan ttong ttong he thong Ben canh dd, ca chl cdp phat ngan sach nhd nudc giao dye quoc ddn thi vipc dam bdo dti kinh phi chi cho Dgy ngbe bdng nam dupc tien banh dua dau tu tu ngan sdcb nbd nudc Id mpt ttong nbihig tien yeu td dau vao ma chua coi ttpng yeu to dau nhan to quan ttpng nhat Do dd can phai cd nhiing Dieu ndy ciing dan tdi cac ca quan thyc hipn gidi phdp huu bieu de nang cao kinh phi ddu tu chuc nang chi ngan sdch nha nudc cho Day nghe va hieu qud ddu tu tu ngan sdcb nbd nudc ddi vdi chi ndm dupc nguon kinh phi ddu tu cho cdc trudng dgy nghe, tu dd md rdng quy md dao tao, nang md chua ndm dupc hipu qua dau tu, Ngodi thdng cao cbat Iuong dao tao dap ting yeu cau phdt trien tm tdi chinb chi ngan sach nha nudc cho Dgy nghg nguon nhan lue ky thudt thyc hanh phye vu phat hien mdi cbi cdng khai ndi bp ttong cdc co quan triln kinh te - xd hdi Dya tten nhirng van dl ton httu quan, viec cdng khai den dai chung cdn han tai ddu tu ngdn sach nha nudc doi vdi phat che vd dilu ciing cd thi dan tdi cbi ngan sach trien Dgy nghe d nudc ta hign nay, tdc gid dh xuat nhd nudc cho Dgy nghe tgi cdc dia phuong vd ca mpt so giai phdp sau' sd dao tgo nghl thieu tinh minh bach hode chi sai 2.3.1 Ndng cao lanh phi ddu lu tie ngdn sdch muc dich gay that thodt kirtii phi dau tu Nhung nhd nudc ton tai ttong co cbe cap phat ngan sach nhd nudc Mpt ttong nhirng ddc tbti cua Dgy nghl la dao cho Day nghe da hgn che bieu qud ddu tu ciing nhu tao lao dpng ky thudt tiiyc hanh dap ting ygu cau han cbe phdt huy nang Iuc cgnh ttanh dao tao giua doanh nghipp Do dd, ddi bdi cdc co sd dao tgo cdc CO sd dao tao nghe nghl phdi dupc trang bi cdc thiet bi ddo tao tign tien, bipn dgi Ngudi bgc phai dat dupc nhiing ky 2.2.3 Phdn bo kinh phi ddu tu Dau tu ngan sach nha nudc doi vdi pbat triln ndng nghe mang tinh thuc tl Ma tdt ca dieu Dgy ngbe d nudc ta hien chu ylu tgp trung dau phdi thdng qua kmh phi ddu tu Ben canh Day tu vdo cac khu cdng nghipp, cdc phd Idn, nghl thugc ve sdn pham cgng dong [Quasi public 69 TRUdNG DAI HOC DONG THAP good] Do do, dau tu cua Nba nude phdi giu vai ttd chu dgo Nha nudc vd cac co quan biJu quan nen tung budc dilu chinh hpp Ii ti Ie chi ngan sach nha nudc cho cdc cap giao due hp thong gido due quoc dan Ddc biet la can doi lai ti le ehi ngdn sach nhd nudc doi vdi Dgy nghe, giao due Trung hoc chuyen nghipp va giao dye Dai hpe vd Cao dang, tung budc nang ti Ip chi ngan sdch nha nudc cho Day nghl tu 0,5% GDP len 1,0 % GDP dl ddm bdo cbo be tbdng Day nghl khdng phai vi titieu kmh phi ma sy phat triln bi gidi han Tren co sd nang cao nguon kinh phi dau tu tu ngdn sach nha nudc cbo Day nghl, can chu trpng phan bo ngdn sdch dau tu phdt triln gido due day nghl d nhiing dia phuang khd khan vl kinb te - xa hdi 2.3.2 Ddi mdi ca che cdp phdt ngdn sdch nhd nudc ddi vdi ddu tuphdt triin Dgy nghe DOI mdi ca che cap phat ngdn sdch nha nudc doi vdi dau tu phat triln Dgy nghe la mdt nhiing nhipm vy cap bach dl cdi thien vd nang cao hieu qua ddu tu Trong do, can tung budc tien hanh thay doi CO che cap phat ngan saeh nha nude cbi cho day ngbe dya tten yeu to dau vdo bdng co che cap phat ngan sach dua tren ylu to dau Tue Id dua ttgn danh gia hieu qud ddo tgo ctia cdc ca sd dgy nghe tien hanh tang cudng bode giam bdt kinh phi dau tu tti ngan sach nha nude Ben eanh dd, de he thong Day nghe dgt dupc myc tigu phdt triln ddi ban de ra, nbd nude va eac co quan buu quan can tiep mc doi mdi ke hoach chi ngdn sdch nbd nudc ddi vdi Day nghe tu co cbe cbi ngan sach nha nudc cho Dgy ngbl tung nam mdt sang ca che cbi trung bgn (3 - 5) nam hoac dai bgn (10 nam) 2.3 Cdng khai thdng tin chi ngdn sdch nhd nudc ddi vdl Day nghe Tbdng tin tai chinb Day nghl thugc vl thdng tin edng dong Do dd Chinh phti, co quan hihi quan va trudng hgc phai cd ttdch nhiem cdng khai thdng ttn chi ngan sdcb nha nudc dau tu phat triln Day nghe tdi dai ehiing Vipc cdng khai tbdng ttn ddu tu ngan sach nbd nudc doi vdi Day ngbe khdng chi pbdn dnh qua tiinh mang tinh cbu ddng cua Chinh phti ttong viee tiep rtiian su giam sat cua nhan dan md cdn la mgt ttgng nhung bien phdp toi uu de hgn cbe that thoat kinb phi dau tu tu ngan saeh nha nudc cho Dgy nghe Chinh phti, trudng boc va cae bd phgn hiru quan can nhan thue tam quan ttong Tap chl Khoa hoc so 21 (8-20lg vipc cdng khai tiidng tin tai chinh Day nghe dgn dgi cbung Tung budc hoan chinh he thdng thong tin chl ngan sach nba nudc cho Day nghg, dinh ky cdng khai dy toan kinb phi nba nudc cho Day ngbe, cong khai danh giahieu qua dau tu ciia ngan sach nhd nudc doi vdi Day nghe Ddng thdi khong ngung hoan tbien qua trinh cdng khai thong tin tai chinh dgy nghe thdng qua su dung trang website cua CO quan hiru quan, (^mbao thong tin cong khai ed tinh minh bgch, tinh thing nhdt va tinh uy tin 2.3.4 Ndng cao ndng luc doi ngu cdn hd qudn ly ldi chinh day nghi D I dau tu ngdn sdcb nha nudc doi vdi phat trien Day nghe dgt hipu qud v a muc tigu dg ra, nang cao trinh dpi ngu can bp thuc hien chuc nang ke toan - tai chinb day nghe la mot yeu cau cap thiet khdch quan Hp thong Day nghe Vigt Nam dang ttong qua trinh phat triln \ a hoan thien, nang Iuc va trinh dd cdn bd qudn li tdi chinh day nghg tai cac CO sd day nghe khdng dong dgu va co nhung han cbe nhat dinb Do vgy, co quan quan H day ngbe can hudng dan cac co sd day nghe xay dtmg tieu chuan v l trinh dp chuj'en mon, nghiep vu doi vdi ddi ngu can bp thyc bien nhiem vu ke toan - tai chinh ttong ITnh vuc Day nghe Ddng thdi thudng xuyen md cac Idp tap hudn, lop boi dudng ve cac che dp, chinh sach mdi ve quan li tai chinh, ve cac dinh muc chi tai cbinb ttong Day nghe Co nhu vay, cbi ngdn sdch nha nudc ddi vdi dau tu phat tnen Day nghl se dam bdo tinb khoa hoc, tinh dong bo, tinb minh bgch vd cdng khai, qua gdp phan nang cao hieu qua ddu tu tu ngan sach nha nudc doi vdi phdt triln Dgy nghe, Ket luan Qua ngbien cuu vdn de dau tu ngan sach nha nudc doi vdl phat tnen Day nghe d nudc ta hien cd thi dua mdt so ket luan nhu sau Quy md he tbdng dao tao nghg lien tuc ma rgng nhung ngan sdcb nha nuac dau tu phat tnen giao due Day nghe tdng trudng cham va chua tuong xung vdi yeu cdu md rdng quy md dao tao Co cbe cdp phdt va tfidng tin tai chinh ngan sach dau tu cua nhd nudc doi vdi phat trien Day nghl cdn mang tinh truyen thong \ a tdn tai mot so bat cap anh hudng den hteu qua dau tu ngan sach nhd nudc doi vdi Day nghl Phan bo kinh phi dau tii tu ngan sach nlia nuoc H TRUONG DAI HOC D6NG THAP Tap chi Khoa hgc so 21 (8-2016) |?^1 doi vdi phdt triln Day nghl ehua bpp Ii giCra cae tu vd hieu qua dau tu ngan sach nba nudc ddi vdi ^,* vung kinh te Day ngbl Hi vpng nbihig giai pbap ndy huu ieb ^i Tu hipnttangddu tu ngdn sdch nbd nudc doi vd cd y nghia vg mat ly ludn va tbuc tien doi vdi ^•1 vdi phdt trien Dgy nghl hien nay, tac gid dl xuat xay dyng ehien luoc dau tu ngdn sdch nha nudc '^i tong the bon gidi phap nhdm nang eao kinb phi dau doi vdi phat triln Day ngbe sau / ", ^ Tai lieu tham khao ^' [1] Tdng cue Day nghe (2011), Bdo cdo dgy nghi VietNam, NXB Lao Ddng - XaHgi, Ha Ndi i*2, f^i- '^°'^^ ^^^ ^^^ " ^ ^ (2012), Bdo cdo day nghi Viit Nam, NXB Lao Ddng - Xa Hdi, Hd Npi, li^ tt 35-46.^ sav' ^^^- ^^"S cyc Dgy nghe (2014), Thdng tin Dgy nghi ndm 2013 vd mdt sd hogt ddng tiiu biiu, Tong ?av cyc Dgy nghl Ha Ndi [4] Truang Anh Dung (2015), Hodn thiin co chi qudn li tdi chinh thuc day phdt triin Dgy nghi d Viel Nam den ndm 2020, Ludn dn Tien sT, Hpc vipn Tai cbinh, Ha Ndi,tt.78 STUDYING STATE-BUDGET INVESTMENTS IN OUR COUNTRY'S CURRENT VOCATIONAL TRAINING DEVELOPMENT siiia: ^'3 Nai Summary * The article analyzes the relationship between scale e7q)ansion of vocational ttaining and state-budget • " ' investments for vocational ttaining development Thereby, it suggests a number of solutions to improve *™°^- state-budget investment and its efficiency for our country's current vocational ttaining development *?SKeywords: vocational training, traimng-seale expansion, state-budget investment, situation, '^^- solutions L"^" Ngdy nhdn bdi: 29/3/2016; Ngdy nhdn lgi: 27/5/2016; Ngdy duyet ddng 27/6/2016 miinii • im lie Coir iii» iai0' •0* 71 ... han cbe phdt huy nang Iuc cgnh ttanh dao tao giua doanh nghipp Do dd, ddi bdi cdc co sd dao tgo cdc CO sd dao tao nghe nghl phdi dupc trang bi cdc thiet bi ddo tao tign tien, bipn dgi Ngudi bgc... vu ke toan - tai chinh ttong ITnh vuc Day nghe Ddng thdi thudng xuyen md cac Idp tap hudn, lop boi dudng ve cac che dp, chinh sach mdi ve quan li tai chinh, ve cac dinh muc chi tai cbinb ttong... e7q)ansion of vocational ttaining and state-budget • " '' investments for vocational ttaining development Thereby, it suggests a number of solutions to improve *™°^- state-budget investment and