Dao tao sau dai hoc fr Viet Nam hien nay Bo Dflc Minh'''', Bo Thanh Hoang^ '''' Dgi hgc Qu6c gia Hi Ngi Email mmhdd@vnu edu vn ^ Tnr&ng Dgi hgc Khoa hgc Xi hpi vi Nhin vin, Dgi hge Qudc gia Hi Npi Nhgn ngiy[.]
Dao tao sau dai hoc fr Viet Nam hien Bo Dflc Minh', Bo Thanh Hoang^ ' Dgi hgc Qu6c gia Hi Ngi Email: mmhdd@vnu.edu.vn ^ Tnr&ng Dgi hgc Khoa hgc Xi hpi vi Nhin vin, Dgi hge Qudc gia Hi Npi Nhgn ngiy thing 12 nam 2016 Chip nhin dang ngiy 10 thing nim 2017 Tom tat: Vdi mye tieu dao tao nguIn nhdn lyc chit lupng cao, trinh dp cao (NNLCLC, TBC), tgo nhiing tien de k5' thugt can thi€t de dua nude ta bufirc vao thdi ky day mgnh cong nghipp hoa, hien dai hoa (CNH, HDH) va hpi nhap quoc te (HNQT); dao tao sau dgi hpc dS khang djnh vj tri quan ttpng sy nghiPp xdy dyng va bdo vp To quoc, dong thdi cung dung tnidc sy doi hoi ve nang eao chat lupng ddo tgo dl dapflngyeu cau phdt trien cda dat nude ttong giai doan mdi Tir khoa: Dao tgo, sau dgi hpc, Vipt Nam Abstract: Aimed at training for high-quality, high educated human resources, and creating necessary technical premises to take Vietnam into the period of accelerating industrialisation, modernisation and intemational integration, postgraduate training has affinned its important role in the cause of national eonstmction and defense At the same time, there now exist requirements for the enhancement of the training quality to meet the country's requirements for development in the new period Keywords: Training, postgraduate, Vietnam Mddau Ddo tgo sau dai fapc ^ T S D H ) Id fainh tfaflc dao tao ddnfa cho cdc dfii tupng dd tfit nghipp dai hpc vdi muc tieu ttang bi nfaOr^ kien thflc SDH vd nang cao k^ ndng tfayic hdnh nhdm xay dvmg dpi ngu nhflng ngufii ldm khoa hpc cd phdm chdt chinh trj, dgo dflc, cfi f thflc pfayc vy nfaan dan, cd ttinfa dp cao, ddp flng nhu cdu phat triln kuih te - xd hpi, khoa hpc - cfing nghp (KHCN) cfla ddt nude Sau ndm 1975, ddt nufirc kfafii cfailn tranfa, vdi sy nfaay ben sang suot vd tdm nfain 82 chiln lupc, Ddng va Cfainfa pfau Vipt Nam dS sfirm cfafl truang td cfaflc DTSDH d ttong nufirc Bdi vilt phdn tich, danfa gid tfayc trgng qud ttinfa 40 nam (1977-2016) DTSDH; dl xuat mpt sd gidi pfa^ ndng cao chat lupng DTSDH ttong giai dogn hipn Thuc trang dao tgo sau dai hpc if Vipt Nam 2.1 Nhdng thdnh tuu Quy mfi DTSDH - tfing so nghifin cflu sinh (NCS) vd hpc vifin cao fapc (HVCH) lien Da Due Mmh, Do Thanh Hoang tuc tang qua cac nam Tuy nhien, su chuyen bien dien khong d^u va can cii vao miic d6 hoan thi?n v6 t6 ch6c cung nhu k ^ qua thuc t6 c6 thS chia giai d o ^ chi yeu: ^ - Giai dogn ddu (tit triSn khai tin cu6i nhiing nam 1980): la giai do?n co tinh thir nghiem tim toi dS xiy dvmg noi dung chucmg trinh va hoan tiiien quy ch6 diio tao Tuy nhiSn, nhieu nguyen nhan (nhu chua co du l\rc lucmg, co sd vat chit, nguon v^ ) nen k6t qua d^o tao miic hgn chS NliJ nuoc da tuySn sinh va dao tao m6t s6 khda chuySn tu NCS, nhung chua co quy chS hoan chinh ciing nhu thiSu hut Iuc lugmg huong dan nen co vai khoa kh6ng t5 chiic bao v8 tdt nghiep Bang 1: Tinh hinh dao tEio SDH thai gian qua (don vi: ngudi) [7], [1] Nam Iwjc So ca sd d^ot^o tmdc 1990 12 1994-1995 72 TJ11 tang "/nam Hpc vien tuyin mdi T6ng s6 NCS HVCH NCS HVCH 6,2 10,5 61,1 51,9 1996 2000-2001 2.480 14.817 17.297 2001-2002 2.798 18.616 21.414 2002-2003 3.313 23.841 27.154 2003-2004 4.061 28.970 33.031 4.070 34.200 38.270 2008-2009 l.SOS 22.885 22.690 2009-2010 2.504 30.638 33.142 1.444 27.552 28.996 2011-2012 1.853 24.440 26.293 2012-2013 1.967 34.421 36.388 2013-2014 2.222 36.052 38.274 2.758 38.338 41.096 2.358 36.807 39.165 141 2004-2005 2010-2011 2014-2015 2015-2016 154 139 150 - Tu nh&ng ndm dau thdp nien 1990 tra di, nhdt la sau kfai Chinfa phfl banfadnfaNgfai dinfa so 90/I993/NDCP [4], ttong dd quy dinh ro bpc DTSDH cd trinfa dp la tien si (TS) vd thac sT (TfaS), vdi cdc hinh thflc dao tgo t$p trung ddi hgn vd tai cfaflc ttfin co sd tuyin cfapn chdt chfi ddu vdo Ddy Id giai dogn DTSDH dupe tfi chuc cfafl ylu d ttong nude (ngoai hinfa thflc cfl di ddo tgo d mpt sfi nude tifin tiln) tfafing qua triln kfaai rfing khdp d cac trung tdm ddo tgo ttong nude Khoa hpc xa hpi ViptNam, so (113) - 2017 Tfl ddy, DTSDH cfauyin sang giai doan hflng phat: cung vod sy phat trien cdc co sd ddo tgo, sfi lupng tuyin sinfa tdng len nfaanh cfafing, sfi lupng TS, ThS dupe dao tao ngdy cdng tang, tgo bufirc nhdy vpt ve quy mfi cfla DTSDH Dgc bipt, ttong thdi gian gdn day, quy mfi DTSDH tang len rdt nhanh Ndm fapc 2011-2012, quy mfi dao tgo TfaS, TS cd nude tten 26.000 nguoi Nam 2014, nganfa gido dye van tang quy mfi DTSDH vdi mflc tdng chi tifiu dao tgo TS khoang 7%, TfaS kfaodng 5% Trung binh moi nam ngdnh gido dye va dao tao (GD&DT) eung cap cho xa fapi 20.000-25.000 TfaS vd hdng nghin TS Trong do, sfi lupng tuyin sinh ddo tgo ThS tang mgnh nhdt, sfi lupng tuyen sinh dao tao TS tdng cham hon va ndm qua cfaua tuyin faet chi tieu Viet Nam dang cfi faon lOI.OOO ThS va 24.500 TS, ttong cd khoang 12.300 TS dang nghifin cflu khoa hpc (NCKH) [6] Ddo tao SDH da ddng vai ttfi chinh ttong dao tgo, cung flng Thye hipn Quy chl DTSDH cfla Bp GD&DT, nganfa GD&DT va cdc co sd dao tgo da chi dgo, qudn Iy, to chflc dieu hanfa cfing tdc ddo tgo, bii duong SDH d ^ di vao nen nep; tflng bude xay dyng, bfi sung, phat trien ngdnh, chuyen nganh ddo tao, phdt huy vai ttfi, vj tri trung tam cfla ngufii hpc; xay dung dpi ngu gidng vien, cdn bp quan ly gido due; md rpng Hen kit vfii cdc CO sd ddo tao ttong nude vd quoc tl Khfing cfai khdc pfayc tinfa ttang lye lupng cdn bp gidng dgy mfing vd dan trdi, md cdn fainfa tfadnfa dpi ngu cdc nhd gido, nfad kfaoa hpc tan tinh, tdm huylt gidng dgy vd NCKH vdi chuyen mfin sau; dpi ngu can bp qudn V^ va giang vien cung dd tt'cfa Iiiy dupe nfaflng kinfa ngfaipm tfit vl ndng lyc giang dgy vd NCKH Pfadn ldn can bp kfaoa hpc dupe ddo tao dd phdt huy vai ttd tfch eye ttong qua trinfa pfadt trien kinfa t l - xa fapi va su nghipp CNH, HDH vd HNQT Nfailu ngudi ttd tfadnfa nfaflng nfad kfaoa fapc vd cfauyfin gia ddu nganfa ttong nhflng ITnh vyc cy thl Ddy Id mpt sy cfi gdng pfadn d^u rdt Ion ciia cac nhd gido - nfaa kfaoa hpe ttong dilu kipn ddt nude cfin nhilu kfafi khan Cdc CO sd ddo tao khfing cfai fin dinfa dao tao cfauyfin ngdnfa md cdn cfafl ttpng dii mfii, faodn tfaipn npi dung chuong ttinh va phuong phdp ddo tao theo faufirng da dgng hda, gan kit ddo tgo voi NCKH va yfiu cau thyc tien Cac don vi da tich cyc ddu tu chudn fada, hipn dgi hfia hp thfing giang dudng, he tfafing pfadng fapc; phdt triln va dua vdo boat dpng faipu qud fae tfaong mang intemet, tfau vipn dipn tfl, cfing tfaong tin ddo tgo, tfaiet bi gidng dgy da phuomg tipn; xay dung hp thfing fapc lipu phong pfau, da dgng, cap nfadt thfing tin mdi, kip thfii phuc vy hpe tap va nghifin cflu cfla cac dfii tupng; cung cdp eho ngudi fapc nhflng kiln thflc, ky ndng chuyen mon, ngfaipp vy hipn dgi, dong tfaoi trien kfaai cong tdc tfi cfaflc dao tao va cdc gidi pfadp pfadt fauy cac ylu to tfauan lpi dl ndng cao hipu qud qudn ly SDH Nfailu don vi thye hipn bude dpt pha vl chuan hfia gido trinh, tdi lipu cho edc dii tupng dao tgo; k l thira, b6 sung, sfla dfii, c$p nh^t kien tfaflc moi, bdo dam sy ket hpp gifla ly luan va tfayc tien Cfaat lupng DTSDH ndi chung, chat lupng lugn van (LV), lupn an (LA) tot nghipp ndi rifing cfi budc tiln ro rpt; ddp flng yfiu cdu ddi hfii, tinfa cap tfailt cua dia pfauong, don vj va nhipm vy xdy dyng, bdo vp T l quoc Ddo tgo SDH giflp HVCH, NCS dupe bl sung vd ndng cao nhflng kiln thflc dd hpc a dgi hpc; hipn dgi hoa kiln thflc chuyen D S Due Minh, Dfi Thanh Hoang nganfa, tdng cufimg kiln tfaflc lien ngdnfa; Wnfa tfaanfa ndng lyc tu duy, kfad nang ngliifin cflu dpc lgp, ndng lyc thuc hien cfing tde cfauyfin mfin va NCKH ttong cfauyen ngdnfa ddo tgo sflc quan ttpng, tu fado cua sy r^faiep DTSDH ttong 40 nam qua 2.2 Nhiing hgn che vd nguyen nhdn cua hgn chi ddo tgo sau dgi hoe Pfadt trien, ndng cao cfadt lupng ngufin nfaan lyc Id mpt budc dpt pfad ttong sy ngfaipp xdy dyng va bdo vp Tfi quoc vd Id yeu tfi quyet dinfa d l nln kinfa t l nufifc ta pfadt trifin nhanh, ben vflng; xay dyng dpi ngu tri thflc vflng manfa se tiiic tilp nang t§m tri tup ddn tpc vd sflc mgnfa cfla ddt nude Tfadnfa tyu cfi ^ nghia eo ban cfla DTSDH ttong thdi gian qua Id tryc tilp tao ngufin cdn bp KHCN cfao ddt nude, gdp phan vdo vipe tdng euoiig sfi lupng vd ndng cao chdt lupng dpi ngfl khoa hpc Quy mfi vd co cdu ddo tao cdn nfaifiu bat edp, cfaua dap flng yfiu cdu cdn doi vd dfing bp voi sy pfadt triln kmfa t l - xdfapi.Mac du sfi lupng dupe dao tao tang nfaanfa ttong tfadi gian qua, nfaung quy mfi DTSDH van cfaua ddp flng kip nfau cdu pfadt trien eua ddt nude; s6 lupng HVCH vd NCS cijng kfafing dfing dfiu gifla cdc cfauyfin ngdnfa ddo tgo Thoi gian qua, ttiy ty lp NCS vd HVCH tang nfaanfa nfaimg chl tap tnmg vdo mpt sfi ngdnfa; tm fapc (10 ldn), kmfa t l (7 Ian), luat (26,5 ldn) [5, tt.90] Sl lupng HVCH, Phdn ldn nhflng HVCH, NCS dupe ddo NCS pfaan bo khfing deu d ede chuyen tao da thl hipn dupe trinh dp cao v l 1^ ngdnh ddo tgo da tgo sy qud tdifaayfaSng thuylt vd ndng lyc tfayc fadnfa, kfad ndng hyt d mpt so chuyen ngdnh vd vupt qud ngfaifin cflu dpc lap, sang tgo, phdt hipn vd "kfaa ndng gidm sdt" ciia Nfaa nude; Id mpt gidi quylt dupe nfaieu van de mdi cd y ttong nfaflng nguyen nfaan tfaieu hut ddu vao ngfaia kfaoa fapc vd tfayc tien Ket qud ngfaien d cac ngdnh khoa hpc co bdn vd tang rdt cuu nfaieu de tai l u ^ an tien st (LATS) tfadp d kfaoa fapc ta nfaien (KHTN) Day la dupe hpc vien khai thdc, cung cap cdc lugn sy mdt can doi ddo tgo vd khong dap cfl khoa hpc d l tham muu voi cac bp, flng dupe yeu eau phdt trien dfing bp gifla ngdnh, dfi xuat voi Ddng, Nfad nude ban khoa hpc xa hpi vd nhan van, KHTN va cae fadnfa ede cfafl truong, duomg loi, cfainfa sdch, faufing cfing nghp uu tifin, voi nfin kinh te pfadp lugt "Mpt sfi NCS cd LATS dgt cfadt dat nude lupng eao, gdp pfadn gidi quyet mpt sfi van Chdt lupng, faipu qud DTSDH cdn nhieu dl ttong khoa hpc co ban, cfing nghp, sdn faan chl, pfadt trifin quy mfi cfaira gdn voi xudt, qudn ly kinfa tl, xa hpi" [3, tt.l37] cfadt lupng ddo tgo Ddo tao SDH cfla Vipt San phdm DTSDH cfla cd nude ttong thfii Nam bdt ddu tfl ndm 1976 vd biing pfadt tfl gian qua chinh la dd tao nfin dpi ngu can bp nfaftng ndm ddu thlip nien 1990 vfii so lupng kfaoa hpc dong ddo vd rpng khdp trfin mpi TS, TfaS ngdy cang tdng Sau 40 ndm di tfl ITnh vyc Hp dd tham gia vao vipc xdc dinfa kfafing din cd, tfl cfao pfaai gfli di DTSDH d dudng Ifii dfii mfii ddt nude, xdy dyng kinh nufifc ngoai, dfin nay, Vipt Nam dd co nhieu tl, pfaat triln vdn fada - xd fapi, cflng eo quoc CO sd ddo tgo TfaS, TS Quy md ddo tao bgic pfadng an ninfa Dd Id nfaflng tfadnfa tyu fait TfaS cfla nfailu co sd ddo tao dang bflng nd 85 Khoa hgc x5 hpi Viet Nam, sl (113) - 2017 vl mat sfi lupng, song nfaflng dieu kipn can thilt dl bdo ddm cfadt lupng lai tfailu vd ylu Vi vdy, ttong kfai quy mfi dao tgo ngdy cang cao tiii chdt lupng DTSDH lai cfi chieu fauong suy giam, cfaua dgt dupe nfau mong dpi cfla nhflng ngufii ldm giao due vd xd hpi Trdi vfii sy gia tdng mgnfa me vfi sfi lupng, tfai cfadt lupng dao tgo TfaS cfin fagn cfal va dang lo nggi: kfafing cfai yeu vfi kifin thflc chuyfin nganh, hipu qud hpc ngoai ngfl va tinfapccfla mpt bp pfaan hpc vifin sau hodn thdnh chuong trinfa dao tgo (CTBT) Cling cfaua eao Dfing tfaoi, tfauc trang ddo tgo TS cfla mpt sfi eo sd nfaanh vd de ddng cho thdy chat lupng cac nghien cflu cfaua tfaue sy ddm bdo Viee tiiyc hien cdc chuyen de TS cfin mang tinfa hinfa tfaflc, chua eoi ttpng phuong phap nghien cflu Tinfa sdng tgo, nhflng ddng gdp mfii, tfailt tfayc ed gid trj khoa hoc va thye tien cfla cae LV, LA ttong thoi gian gdn ddy da cd tien bp song cfaua nhieu Kfafing it cdc LV deu qua cfing ngfap "xdo ndu" hay mpt so dfi tdi LATS cfai nfau ede dl tdi kfaoa fapc flng dung, ehua dii tdm khoa fapc faodc cfaua giai quyet dupe cdc vdn dl hpc tfauat Nfaieu NCS cfai cd sfi bdi viet dfl mflc quy dinh toi tfaieu faogc viet dfii phfi de lay cfing trinfa, nen chdt lupng bdi bdo cung chua cao "Cung cdn cfi mpt s l ludn dn chua c^p nhdt trinfa dp pfaat trien KHCN, cfaira pfayc vu thilt tfayc cac nfaipm vy pfadt triln kinh tl, xd hpi va kfaoa fapc d nude ta" [3, tt.l37] Chdt lupng DTSDH ttong nhftng ndm qua cdn cfaua tuong xflng vdi yeu cau dgt ra, cfaua ddp flng yeu cau cung cap nguIn nfaan lyc trinh dp cao cfao ddt nude ttong giai dogn doi mdi cang mgnh me Sau ddo tgo, nhieu cdn bp khoa hpc chuafainfatfaanfa dupe kfad ndng dpc Igp ngfaien cflu va cfi thl xem ddy la hgn chl cdn bdn cfla DTSDH 86 Ddc bipt, "trudc yeu cdu cfla su nghipp CNH, HDH ddt nude, tdng cuong sflc cgnh tranh cfla nen kinfa te va HNQT, tinh trgng kem phdt trien DTSDH eac kfafii nganfa KHKT vd KHTN Id bdt cgp Idn, cdn sdm dupe kfade pfauc" [9] Nguyen nfadn cfla nhung ban ehe DTSDH Mpt Id, chat lupng ddu vdo Mpt nhflng dgc dilm Ion nhdt cfla cdc dii tupng tuyin sinfa SDH la sy khdc biet ve nfailu pfauong dipn (lfla tufii, cdng tdc, trinh dp, ); ttong dd, nfailu ngufii kfafing dupe ddo tgo cfainfa quy, lien tyc va bai ban n8n kien thflc sdu ve cfauyfin ngdnfa cd sy hgn che Nhieu ngudi tuoi dd ttfin 40 tufii, trinh dp ngogi ngft thuong bat cap, kfadng co kha ndng tham khdo tdi lipu nude ngodi dk nSng cao trinfa dp ttong fapc tap, ngfaien cflu Mpt bp pfaan kfafing nhfi Id can bp nghifin cflu, qudn ly lanh dao cua ede eo quan, vfla fapc vfla cfing tdc vd bi chi phfii boi vdn de gia dinfa nen tfadi gian vd faipu qud fapc tap, ngfaien cflu khfing dupe ddm bdo Do sfi lupng thi sinh dy tfai SDH khfing nfaieu nen khfing cfi dilu kien dl tuyin chpn ma phai nh$n cd nfaftng tfai smfa cfi trinfa dp cfauyen mfin thdp va ndng lyc ngfaien cflu ylu Den kfai kit tfauc qud trinh hpc tdp, nghifin cflu, CO sd dao tao va gido vien fauong dSn phdi chdp nfadn nhftng d l tdi kfafing xflng tam faodc cho Id nfaung LV, LA chdt lupng fagn che Hai Id, npi dung cfauong hinfa vd pfauong phdp ddo tao (PPDT) cdn bdt cap, hgn cfal "Mpt sd chuong ttinh DTSDH cdn xa rfii thyc tl, khong phfl hpp vfii xu faudng cfaung cua eac nude kfau vyc vd till gifii; npi dung cfauong trinh cdn trung Idp, nhdc lgi ede kiln thflc cfla bdc dai fapc" [10] Cfing tde ddo tao d nfailu eo sd cfin n?ng tinh hinh Dfi Dflc Minh, Do Thanh Hoang thflc, nfair: giang day cfai gifii fagn ttong npi dung gido trinfa, tfadm cfai cdn cfi faipn tupng rflt hot chuong trinfa Kfaoi lupng cae mon fapc cdn nfaieu, npi dung mpt sfi mfin cdn cd pfaan Idp lgi nfaftng vdn dfi hode kiln thue co ban d bac dai hpc nen DTSDH cdn dupe gpi la cdc cfauong trinh cap IV, edp V Tfafii gian Ifin ldp cfla eac gidng vien cung tfaudng cfailm t j ttpng Idn, ttong kfai tfaoi gian ttao dfii tfado Iudn cfin it nen vipe cdp nfagt, md rpng vd ndng cao ttong cdc bdi gidng, tham khdo tdi lipu nude ngoai ciing cdn han cfal sflc Ifing leo, cfaua pfadt huy kfad nang tim tdi, ung dyng kien tfaflc cfla ngudi fapc Tfauc trgng cfing tdc quan Iy DTSDH cung ^ n tai nfaieu tdng nac, cap qudn Iy (cfainfa tfaflc vd kfafing cfainfa tfaflc) ITnh trang pfafi bien Id eac ldp SDH ndm dufii bp may qudn Iy trung gian Id cfafl yeu md khfing phdi tryc thupc don vi chuyen mfin Vai trd ciia cdc bfi mon ttong DTSDH hgn chl vd md nhgt, ddc bipt ttong viec qudn ly NCS vl sinh hogt khoa fapc, chuyen mfin tai bp mfin vd tien dp thyefaipnLV, LA Ba Id, cfing tdc to cfaflc, qudn Iy DTSDH cfin bufing Ifing, bat cgp: mde dfl Quy cfae DTSDH cua Bp GD&DT da quy djnfa rfi rang vl faoat dpng, co sd, chuong trinfa va vipe quan ly, nfaung tten tfayc tl kfafing pfadi CO sd dao tgo nao cung ngfaifim tflc tfayc hipn Nhilu co sd ddo tao khfing dfl sl gidng vifin co hflu theo quy dinh nfaimg van dupe tfadnfa l|p Mpt s6 ca sd tfi chflc DTSDH 100% lafainfathflc khfing tgp ttung, biln Id fapc ngoai gid hdnh chinh nfin vipc sfl dyng thu vipn d l hpc t^p vd ngfaien cflu cfla hpc vifin bj hgn chl Kiln thflc tfau faogcfa kfafing bao ddm cdn doi gifta hpc t | p vd ngfaien cflu, gifla tfaoi gian Ifin Idp voi tfadi gian ty fapc Cacfa d l tfai tfaudng mang tinh tra bdi dd hpc tten Ifip, mpt sfi rdt it cau hdi trudc dl hpc vien cfaudn bj sogn sdn bdi thi Hmh thflc kiem tta danh gia kit qua hpc tgp cua hpc vifin ciing ehua da dang, pfaong pfafl ma cfau yeu vlin la tfai, kilm tta bdngfainfatfaflc tu luan Tfi cfaflc tfai mfit sfi noi cung cfaua ngfaiem, cdcfa cfao dilm tfaufing mang tinfa dpng vien, khfing pfaan anfa sdt vfii tfayc cfaat ngudi fapc Bfin Id, ve dpi ngu can bp gidng dgy, huong din kfaoa fapc Nfaflng ndm qua mdc dfl dpi ngu giang vien ede co sd GDDH tdng nfaanfa, song van chua tfaeo kip ve quy mo dao tao Trong kfai dfi, sfi gidng vifin NCKH chua nhilu, mpt sfi edn bp (da s6 tte) su ddu tu cfao cfauyfin mfin cfaua eao nen mflc dp dao sau gpi md van de ttong bai gidng edn thap Sy thieu fayt luc lupng giang day ed trinfa dp eao la nguyen nfaan cua tinfa trang "com cfaam com" cfla DTSDH Nhin cfaung, phuong cfadm dao tao faipn v§n theo nguyen tde bat thdnh vdn la "co vao thi s5 cd ra" md chua cd sy sdng lpc cfa|t cfafi Vipc quy dinfa hpc vifin NCKH ciing fait Nam la, nguyfin nfaan tfl pfaia ngudi fapc Mde dil fapc SDH Id mong udc cfauih ddng cfla nhilu ngufii, nfaifin kfadng pfadi ttong sfi dfi ciing co mot tfadi dp fapc tgp nghiem tuc Y thflc ngfaifin cflu fapc tap cfla nfaieu hpc vien, NCS ehua cao, chua thye sy cfi gdng vd cau thi ttong tim tdi, nghien cflu Nfailu fapc vien, NCS dang cfing tdc tgi cac CO quan di fapc "hdm thu", nfaieu nguoi ddng gdp tien dfi fapc nfaimg kfafing ddm bdo tfadi gian ed mdt tai trudng Idp Ngodi thoi gian bdt bupc Ifin Idp, thdi gian tu dpc sdch d nhd vd len thu vipn cdn rat it, pfadn Idn ngudi hpc tfauong ddnfa tfadi gian dl di choi giao luu, quan fap, tfai tfaao faay v l vdi gia dinfa ma cfaua ddnh thoi gian vd cfing sflc thfia ddng cho hpc tap, nghifin cuu 87 Khoa hpc xa hpi Vipt Nam, sl (113) - 2017 Sau Id, he tfafing co sd vgt chat (CSVC) cfin bdt cdp, kinh phi Nhd nude cfao DTSDH tfadp Mde dfl nfaflng nam gan ddy, CSVC phyc vy DTSDH da dupe quan tdm, song mpt so noi vin cdn khfi khdn vl sfi lupngfafiitruong, pfafing may tinfa, tfau vipn; fap tfafing tdi lieu vd thilt H nghien cflu chuyen sdu edn tfailu "Dieu kien can thiet de NCKH cfla HVCH rdt tiiieu (ngudi fauong ddn, tdi Hfiu tfaam kfado, yeu cdu thue fadnfa thi nghiem )" [7] Nhifiu trudng da co he thfing tfau vipn dipn tfl, pfadng truy cdp Intemet nhung faipu qud kfaai tfade tfl gidng vien vd hpc vien ehua cao eung dnh hudng khfing nfad den cfaat lupng, faipu qua DTSDH Bdy Id, cfaamfainfatfaanh co cfal ddi ngp xung dang Mgc dfl DTSDH d Vipt Nam da triln kfaai dupe tfasip k^, song nguoi fapc SDH sau dupe cdp bdng van chua dupe quan tam dai ngp xflng ddng, tfaam chi cdn nfailu bdt hpp ly b l tri sfl dung Hien nay, chflng ta vSn thieu vdng mpt co ehe sfl dung vd ddi ngp nhdn tdi phdt huy tri tup kfaoa hpc, dfi cfaua thyc sy khuyen khich ngudi fapc pfaan dau ttong fapc tgp nghien cflu xd fapi cfla ddt nude va dia pfauong; dong tfafii dua cac ednfa bdo xd hpi vl nfau cdu nfadn lyc, giflp hpc vien, NCS dinfa hufing xdc dinh nganfa ngfal dao tao vd sdp xIp Igi fap thing CO sd DTSDH pfau fapp Cac bp, ban, ngdnfa, dia pfauong can pfaoi kit fapp cfadt cfae giira eac co sd GDDH de xac dinh ro nfau eau DTSDH ttong quy faogcfa dao tgo hdng nam vd timg giai dogn ey tfai, pfau fapp vfii tfayc te; rd sodt dpi ngfl can bp de ldm ro chflc danfa nao pfadi cd trinfa dp SDH dl can bp cfi hudng phdn ddu di fapc vd co quan cfi klfaoacfaddo tao De ndng eao cfaat lupng, can ed nhihig thay dfii Idn ve cd yeu cdu tuyen sinh dau vao I ^ chuong trinh ddo tao (CTDT) gdn voi xdc djnh vd dl xudt quy mfi tuyin sinh hdng ndm ttfin co sd ndng lyc ddo tgo thuc t l cfla cdc don vi Dfing thdi, dii mdi co che giao chi tieu tuyin sinh tfaeo faufing gdn vfii dieu kipn bdo ddm cfadt lupng ddo tgo, nhu cau sfl dyng nfaan lye, fapc tgp ciia nhdn dan vd tdng quyln ty chfl cfla cdc co sd DTSDH Mpt s l giai phdp nSng cao chSt lir^ng dao tgo sau dgi hpc D I ddp flng yeu cau dii mfii GDDH nfii ehung, DTSDH nfii rieng, cdn dfii mdi cdn bdn cfing tde quyfaoacfa,ddo tgo, bfii dudng vd sfl dyng gidng vifin vd cdn bp qudn I^ GDDH, bdo dam dfl vl s6 lupng vd cfaat lupng; cdn dfii ve co cdu trinfa dp, ngdnh nghe va phdn b l theo Idnh thl Nhdn to ngufii thdy la ylu t6 hdng ddu de ndng cao chdt lupng vd hipu qud dao tgo, vl vay can xay dyng, quy faogch vd dao tgo dpi ngu c ^ bp gidng dgy va cdn bp khoa hpc, dam bdo chuan quy djnh; phdt triln dpi ngu can bp qudn I^ trinh dp cao thfing qua eac hogt dpng KH&CN vd DTSDH 3.1 Xdy dung quy hogch, ke hogch ddo tgo sau dgi hge Bk dat dupe chat lupng cung nfau hipu qud DTSDH thi tni6c hit phdi ddm bdo chdt lupng nguon va tuyin chpn dupe dflng dfii tupng ddo tgo - tflc Id phdi tiln hdnh quy faogch dao tao Tien hdnh rd soat co cdu ngdnh nghi ddo tgo dl cfi co sd de xuat cac gidi phdp dilu chinfa co cdu nganh ngfal ddo tgo phu hpp vdi nhu cau phdt triln kinh tfi - 3.2 X^ dung Cling c6 bd mdy td chdc vd nhdn sy: ddo tgo t)6 Dflc Minh, Bfi Thanh Hoang Ddo tgo, bii duong ndng eao trinfa dp ndng lire cfauyfin mdn vd ngfaipp vu su pfaam ciia gidng vien, tdm nhin chiln lupc, ndng lye sang tao vd tt'nfa cfauyen ngfaipp cfla cdn bp lanfa dgo, qudn ly Ket fapp, sfl dyng nfauan nfauyin cdc pfauong phdp gido due (PPGD) dk ndng cao kit qua ddo tao 3.3 Bdi mdi ngi dung, ehuang phuang phdp ddo tgo trinh, Dfii mdi npi dung, chuong trinfa vd PPDT, fauong din NCKH theo hufing tien tiln, hipn dai, pfau fapp voi timg nhdm ngdnh ddo tgo va pfaan tdng dai fapc, tilp can cfaudn kfau vyc vd qu6c tl Rd sodt npi dung cfauong trinh, gidm kiln tfaflc chung, trimg lap faogc kfafing cdn thilt, nghien cuu thay the vipe to cfaflc cfauong trinfa fapc vd phuong phap fapc dii pfafi Xdy dyng, hodn thipn CTDT eao hpe theo fauong giam tfadi gian len lop va tdng thdi gian ngfaien cflu, tfaao lugn tfaeo nfafim Nang eao cfaat lupng cdc CTBT vd nghien cflu co khd ndng tfau hiit ngufii nufifc ngodi vd tilp thu cfi chpn lpc cdc CTDT tien tiln ciia thl gifii vd phdt triln cae chuyfin ngdnfa dat cfauan quoc t l dl phyc vu tdt yeu edu nhipm vy cdng tdc Dfii moi PPGD tiieo hudng tien tiln, ldy fapc vifin ldm trung tam, tdng cufing cdc tinfa faufing, kit fapp gifta truyen dgt vfii ttao doi vd thdo luan; phdt trien ndng lyc ty fapc, ty nghien cflu, phdt hipn vd gidi quyet cdc van dl ddt nfadm phdt huy tinh tich cyc, chfl dpng, tu sdng tao vd vgn dyng kiln thflc, ky ndng cua ngufii fapc; kfade pfayc Idi truyin thy dp ddt mpt chieu, gfai nfad may mfic Tdng cuong tfayc faanh phdng tfai nghipm, flng dyng cfing nghp thfing tin vd truyin thfing dl ngufii hpe tilp thu kf ndng ngfal thilt tfayc Chfl ttpng pfaat triln nang lyc sdng tgo, ky nang tfaycfadnfa,dao due ngfal ngfaipp vd faieu bifit xa fapi, tflng budc tilp can trinfa dp KHCN tifin tien eua the gifii Chuyen dfii tu nen gido dye cfafl yeu Id truyin tfau kien Ifaflc mfit cfaieu sang gido dye tuong tdc gifta ngudi day vd nguoi fapc, gifta nfad trudng va xd fapi nfadm fainfa thdnh nhan cdch vd phdt triln tri thflc, ndng lyc, ky ndng ngufii fapc, dap flng yeu cdu HNQT Kfaoa, bp mfin chfl dfing xay dung k l hogch faogt dpng vd kfauyen khich gidng vien flng dyng cfing nghp tfafing tin, sfl dyng cdc pfauong tien dgy fapc faipn dgi vd triln khai viec dgy vd hpc bdng tieng nude ngodi Td chflc ede fapi tfaao cfauyfin mfin, nit kinfa ngfaipm vd de xudt cae gidi pfaap nang eao chdt lupng ddo tgo 3.4 Ddi mdi, ndng cao hieu qud cdng tdc qudn ly ddo tgo sau dgi hoc Cdi each thfl tycfadnfacfainfa vd dfii moi edn ban cfing tdc qudn Iy tren co sd ket hpp cfadt che giua ddo tao vdi NCKH va cfauyin giao cfing ngfap[ Day manfa phan cdp di dfii vdi ttao quyen ty chfl cho cdc eo sd GDDH, ty cMu ttdch nhipm vfi tfi cfaflc DTSDH Tdng cufing phfii hpp gifla bp phpn qudn Iy SDH vd cdc bp mfin ttong giang day, tfai vd kilm tta, dinfa faufing d l tdi ngfaien cflu, chdm cfauyen de TS vd ddnh gid LA d bfi mfin; qudn ly gidm sdt HVCH vd NCS ttong qua trinh ddo tgo va sinh hogt khoa hpc, chuyen mfin Doi mdi vd hoan thipn phuong thtic giao dl tdi, ngudi ha&ng dan kfaoa hpc, thdnfa lap va fapp cdc fapi dfing chdm LV vd ddnfa gid LA; kfauyin kfaicfa ngfaien cflu tim tdi nfaflng ITnfa vuc moi, nfaftng vdn de tfayc tiln dgt cho ly ludn gidi quyet; thyc hipn nghiem tflc 89 Kfaoa hpc xa hpi ViptNam, so (113) - 2017 tfl khdu xet duypt de tai, bdo ve dl cuong ciia NCS vd kit lugn cy thl, ro rdng vl gid trj cfla LV, LA Xay dyng hp tfafing cfauyfin de cfauyen sau vd ngan hang dfi tfai, ddm bao kfaoa hpc, bao quat todn dipn kien thflc mfin fapc cfao cdc nganfa ddo tao, dam bdo "tinh truong quy", kiln tfaflc eo bdn, ttpng tam, ttpng dilm vd ti'nfa tfauc tien sdu sdc Tang cudng quan ly gid tu hpe, khuyin kfaicfa HVCH, NCS ty giac hpc t^p, nghien cflu, ticfa cyc ttao dfii nhdm, biln qud trinfa ddo tgo tfaanfa ty ddo tgo 3.5 Ndng cao hiiu qud liin kit ddo tgo nude vd hap tdc qudc te Tdng cufing pfafii hpp lien ket ddo tgo gifla cac CO sd dao tgo nude; xdy dyng va tri phoi hpp dao tgo, tfaudng xuyfin trao dfii kinh nghipm quan ly, gidng dgy, NCKH voi cae co sd dao tao ttong nude Cflng cfi, md rpng mfii quan he voi cdc truong, vien, dja phuong ttong cd nude, ddp ling nfau cau md rpng quy mfi Md rpng cdc faogt dpng Hen kit ddo tgo va bfii duong SDH vfii cac trudng dgi fapc ttong nude, cdc t^p doan kinfa te, cae ngdnfa vd cdc dja phuong theo pfauong cfaam nfad trudng - nfad nude vd doanfa ngfaipp de pfadt trien cdc chuyfin nganfa, da dang hda cdc hinfa tfaflc vd xa hpi hoa cae ngudn lyc ddo tgo Ddy mgnfa HTQT dl tilp tfau tti thflc hipn dgi, tilp cgn cdc mfi hinh ddo tgo tien tiln, giao luu van hfia va hpe tfauat, pfaat triln quy mfi dao tao vd md khd ndng cho ngudi hpc dupe tiep thu, hpc fadi ede chuong trinh ddo tgo tien tien, pfauong pfaap vd ky nang gidng day tich cyc, KHCN qudn Iy hipn dgi eua nfaftng nude tien tiln Dfi Id huong quan trpng dl ndng cao chdt lupng DTSDH vd rut ngdn d&i 90 trinh dp kfaoa hpc Viet Nam voi the gifii Vi \%y, cdn tilp tyc md nhung hinfa thflc HTQT da dgng, phfl hpp vfii khd ndng vd yeu cau tfayc te Viet Nam 3.6 Ddi mdi ca chi, ehinh sdch ve ddo tgo sau dgi hgc De phdt ttiln ddo tao vd NCKH, edc co sd GDDH pfadi dupe trao quyln ty chfl cao dl chfl dpng dilu fadnfa faoat dpng, gdn ket cfadt che gifla ddo tgo vd nghien cflu, giua cdc don vi ddo tgo vdi cac co sd san xudt kinh doanfa Tfayc faipn phuong thflc faS ttp NCS, HVCH thfing qua vipc giao nfaipm vy ngfaien cflu cu tfae va cap kinfa phi nghifin cflu tuong flng Pfadn bfi HVCH, NCS cho cdc giang vien huong dan d cdc bp mfin, kem theo kinh phi h§ ttp nghifin cflu de tfayc faipn dfi tdi ngfaien cflu d phdng tfai ngfaipm, gidm bfit cap trung gian tham gia vao vipc phan cfaia kinfa pfai danfa cfao ddo tgo Yfiu eau ngudi fapc SDH phai tam gdc chflc vy eua minfa dl lo vipc hpc va hang ngdy phdi tfayc hipn nghien cflu vdi thdy Cdc CO sd DTSDH sodt,faodncfainh va banfadnfaddy du cae quy chl, quy dinh, to cfaflc, qudn Iy DTSDH; tieu chi, quy trinh vd thue hipn ddnfa gia cfadt lupng DTSDH; CO kefaogcfanpi dung, cfauong trinfa vd yfiu cdu qudn ly phfl hpp vdi yfiu cdu ddo tgo thich hpp voi cdc doi tupng hpc tap Xdy dung quy djnfa v l chl dfi lam vipc, tgo difiu kipn ve co sd vgt cfadt, ddm bdo quyln lpi trudc mdt cung nfau lau ddi dii voi gidng vien SDH Xay dyng quy chl ch§t cfafi, tri vd thyc faien tfit cdc che dp qudn ly ttong dao tgo, cae phong ttdo tfai dua, quan triet va thyc hipn ngfaiem "ndi kfafing vdi tieu eye vd bpnh ticfa ttong tiii cfl" B o Dflc Minh, B o Thanh Hoang 3.7 Tdng cudng cdng tdc tra, kiim tra Ddo tao SDH eua Vipt Nam dang dung trufifc yfiu edu md rpng quy mfi di dfii vfii dfii mdi, nang cao chat lupng dao tao Vi v^y, cflng voi cdc bipn pfaap ndng cao cfadt lupng cdn pfadi cd nfaung bipn pfadp cfafing tieu eye ed faipu qud ttong ddo tao Cfing tdc kiem tra, gidm sat, vai ttfi bp phan khdo tfai, kiem dinfa ddo tao cdn dupe tdng cuong, phdt huy ttong vipc bdo ddm chdt lupng ddo tgo De chdn chinh cfing tdc tfi cfaflc ddo tao, can cd quy dinfa, cfal tdi vdi nhflng cfauyen ngdnh cfaua thyc hipn day dfl quy cfal; tdng cudng qudn Iy dfii vdi cdc kfaau tuyen cfapn dau vdo, ddo tgo vd bdo dam chdt lupng ddu Thyc hipn nghiem quy ttinh, cdc khdu tfl to chflc thi, kifim tra, dl, coi thi, cfadm thi den ddnh gia ket qua Thufing xuyfin kilm tta, qudn Iy, tfi cfaflc boi dudng, tap fauan, dao tgo nang eao cfauyen mfin nghipp vy vd dgo dfle nghe nghiep eho dpi ngft nfad giao va ngudi lam cfing tdc qudn ly giao due Dfing vien, kfaen tfaudng kip thdi nfaung nfaan to ticfa cyc; kien quyet xfl ly ede trudng hpp vi pham quy che ddo tgo; kfafing md nfaflng chuyen nganfa moi kfai cfaua dfl dieu kipn ddm bao cfaat lupng cao, kfafing tdng chi tieu tuyen sinfa ddi vdi nhflng cfauyen nganfa ma dpi ngu edn bfi gidng day thieu va yeu dfing bfi, pfau fapp la nhftng tifin de quan ttpng dl nang cao cfadt lupng DTSDH d nude ta faien Thong qua dfi gdp phdn tfaycfaienfaipuqua cac Ngfai quyet Hpi nghi Trung uong khda XI vl kfaoa fapc vd cfing ngfap, dfii moi can ban, toan dipn gido dye vd dao tgo; Luat Kfaoa fapc va Cfing ngfae; Ludt Giao dye dai fapc nam 2012 vd cac van bdn phap Iy lifin quan Tdi lieu tham khao [1] Bp Gido dye vi DSo tao (2009), Bdo cdo su [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] K i t ludn [8] DTSDH da khdng dinh vi tri quan ttpng ttong sy nghipp xay dyng va bdo vp Tfi qufic, dfing tfadi cung dflng trudc sy ddi fadi 19] vl ndng cao cfaat lupng dao tao dl ddp flng yeu cdu pfadt trien cfla ddt nude ttong giai dogn mdi Vi vgy, nfagn dipn cdng tdc [10] DTSDH ttong nfaihig ndm qua tren tinfa tfadn kfaacfa quan vd triln kfaai cdc gidi pfadp phdt trien cua he thdng gido due dgi hgc, cdc gidi phdp ddm bdo vd ndng cao chdt lugng ddo tgo Hi Npi Bp Khoa hgc v^ C6ng nghp (2014), Khoa hgc vd Cdng nghi Vigt Nam 2013, Nxb Khoa hQC ky thuat, m Npi H6i Khoa hpc kinh ta Vi^t Nam, Trung tam Thfing tin vi tu van phdt triln (2005), Gido dye Viit Nam 1945-2005, Nxb Chlnh trj quoc gia, m Npi Chfnh phu (1993), Nghi dinh sd 90/1993/NDCP, nggy 24/11/1993, cda Chinh phit quy dinh ca cdu khung cda hi thong gido due qudc ddn, hi thdng vdn bdng chiing chi ve gido due vd ddo tgo cua nu&c Cgng hda xd hgi ehu nghia Vigt Nam, Ha Npi NghiSm Dinh VJ-, Nguyin Dac Hung (2002), Phdt trien gido dye vd ddo tgo nhdn tdi, Nxb Chinh trj qu6c gia, H^ Npi http://vietnamnet.vn/vn/giao-duc/cau-tra-Ioi -cho-hon-24-nghin-tien-si-viet-nam-dang-lamgi-243413.html http://www.ntu.edu.vn/Portals/73/Giao%20 duc%20dai%20hoc%20Viet%20Nam%20va% 20The%20gioi.doc http://dvhnn.org.vn/bai-viet-Chan-hiing-giaoduc~%C4%90ao-tao-%C4%90ai-hoc,-sau%C4%90ai-hoc-qua-%E2%80%9Cnong% E2%80%9D-28-l 223 html http://nId.com.vn/giao-duc-khoa-hoc/khong -the-de-dai-dao-tao-sau-dh-20160713215935l 11.htm http://vietnamnet.vn/vn/dichvuttuyenthong/ 182629/daotaothacsibuoctiennangchatnguonnhanluc.html ... tdng Sau 40 ndm di tfl ITnh vyc Hp dd tham gia vao vipc xdc dinfa kfafing din cd, tfl cfao pfaai gfli di DTSDH d dudng Ifii dfii mfii ddt nude, xdy dyng kinh nufifc ngoai, dfin nay, Vipt Nam dd... nghifin cuu 87 Khoa hpc xa hpi Vipt Nam, sl (113) - 2017 Sau Id, he tfafing co sd vgt chat (CSVC) cfin bdt cdp, kinh phi Nhd nude cfao DTSDH tfadp Mde dfl nfaflng nam gan ddy, CSVC phyc vy DTSDH... DTSDH d Vipt Nam da triln kfaai dupe tfasip k^, song nguoi fapc SDH sau dupe cdp bdng van chua dupe quan tam dai ngp xflng ddng, tfaam chi cdn nfailu bdt hpp ly b l tri sfl dung Hien nay, chflng